考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷48（附带答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷（附带答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题These pollutants can be（ ） hundreds and even thousands of kilometers by large air masses.问题1选项A.conveyedB.conjecturedC.conjuredD.conserved【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。convey “传播，输送”；conjecture “推测”；conjure “用魔法变出，想象”；conserve “保全，保护”。句意

2、为：这些污染物会因为强大的气团而被传播至百里，甚至千里之外。选项A符合句意。2.单选题If we cannot（ ） exactly what we are supposed to be managing，how can we manage it?问题1选项A.knock onB.pin downC.let goD.get over【答案】B【解析】考查动词词组辨析。knock on “敲击，撞击”；pin down “确定”；let go “放开，释放”；get over“恢复，解决”。语境为：如果我们无法准确确定有待管理之处，那么我们该如何进行管理？选项B符合句意。3.单选题Their w

3、ork will _, but they ought to try to improve it.问题1选项A.get awayB.get aroundC.get byD.get on【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. get away 离开，逃跑 B. get around 避开，说服C. get by 过得去，勉强过活 D. get on 进展，做得好【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】空格处和上文的“Their work（他们的工作）”构成主谓逻辑，表示他们的工作如何。由but可知前后两个分句之间存在转折的逻辑关系，由后半句句意“但他们应该努力加以改进（improve it）”可知，他们的工作

4、情况不算糟糕，但是还有需要改进的地方。get by指勉强过得去，因此C选项“过得去，勉强过活”最符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项get away“离开，逃跑”指离开一个地方或为了避免被抓而逃跑，不能和“work（工作）”进行搭配；B选项get around“避开，说服”指避开规章法律或通过取悦谄媚来说服，不符合题干的语义逻辑；D选项get on“进展，做得好”指在特定情况下取得成功，与题干的语义相矛盾，应该是“工作勉强过得去”而不是“工作做得好”。【句意】虽然他们的工作还过得去，但他们应该努力加以改进。4.单选题Scientific advances have made transplants

5、possible that were _ even a few years ago, ushering in an era where social and ethical considerations take center stage.问题1选项A.unjustifiableB.unintentionalC.unsustainableD.unimaginable【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. unjustifiable 无法接受的，无正当理由的 B. unintentional 无意的，非故意的C. unsustainable 不能持续的，无法维持的 D. unimaginable 难

6、以想象的，不可思议的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】that引导了一个定语从句修饰先行词“transplant（器官移植）”，空格处作表语来说明器官移植的性质。由“科学的进步使器官移植成为可能（possible）”和“迎来了一个以社会责任和道德准则为中心的时代（ushering in an era）”可知，几年前器官移植是无法想象、无法实现的，所以如今实现了才能说迎来新时代。unimaginable指无法想到或相信某事物的存在，因此D选项unimaginable“难以想象的，不可思议的”最符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项unjustifiable“无法接受的，无正当理由的”指因为没有很好的理由

7、而不能原谅或接受，不符合题干的语义逻辑；B选项unintentional“无意的，非故意的”指不是故意做某事，而是偶然发生的，不符合题干的语义逻辑；C选项unsustainable“不能持续的，无法维持的”指不能以同样的水平、速度等继续下去，不符合题干的语义逻辑。【句意】科学的进步使几年前还无法想象的器官移植成为可能，从而迎来了一个以社会责任和道德准则为中心的时代。5.单选题I am prepared to make some（ ） on minor details, but I cannot compromise on fundamentals.问题1选项A.confessionB.conc

8、essionC.concordD.consent【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。confession “忏悔；告解”；concession “让步；特许（权）”；concord “和谐；和睦；一致”；consent “准许；同意”。句意：在一些细节上我准备做出一些_，但是在原则上我不会妥协。根据句意可知选项B符合题意。6.单选题Physical exercise has the capacity to be used to attempt to control emotional feelings, to （ ）the calories consumed in food and to co

9、ntrol body size.问题1选项A.make upB.pass onC.work offD.mark down【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。 make up “构成，编造”；pass on “传递”；work off “发泄，排除”；mark down “降低价格，记下”。句意为：体育运动有以下作用：可以用于控制情绪，排除从食物中所吸收的卡路里，并且控制体重。选项C符合句意。7.单选题Suppose you are there in the museum, with the head-sized smartphone permanently positioned in fron

10、t of your nose. According to a new study published in Psychological Science this week, you are doing it all wrong. That tiny camera you are using to carefully （1） your art viewing experience is actually（2）your art memory, not preserving it.The study,（3）by Fairfield Universitys psychological scientis

11、t Linda Henkel, claims that museum goers have worse memories（4）objects and specific object details（5）they used a camera to record paintings, archeological relics or historical artifacts（6）. Its a phenomenon Henkel calls the “photo-taking impairment effect”.“When people（7）technology to remember for t

12、hem一counting on the camera to record the event and thus not needing to（8）to it fully themselvesit can have a negative（9）on how well they remember their experiences,” Henkel explains in a description of the study.To reach her conclusion, Henkel（10）an experiment at Bellarmine Art Museum at Fairfield U

13、niversity,（11）she recruited undergraduate students to（12）the institute and take note of specific objects on display. The subjects could either photograph the items or just observe them it was（13）them. Then the following day, the students memories were tested.The results proved that the camera-happy

14、participants（14）worse than the persons who relied on their simple observation skills.“Research has suggested that the sheer（15） and lack of organization of digital photos for personal memories discourages many people from accessing and reminiscing about them,” Henkel states.问题1选项A.describeB.memorize

15、C.documentD.present问题2选项A.impairingB.compilingC.activatingD.adapting问题3选项A.sponsoredB.conductedC.managedD.arranged问题4选项A.toB.inC.forD.by问题5选项A.whereB.whereasC.whenD.how问题6选项A.in advanceB.in essenceC.at handD.on display问题7选项A.rely onB.account forC.lay outD.stick to问题8选项A.viewB.addC.benefitD.attend问题9

16、选项A.suggestionB.impactC.inferenceD.feedback问题10选项A.set upB.put upC.made upD.ran up问题11选项A.whichB.whenC.whereD.as问题12选项A.marchB.tourC.scanD.survey问题13选项A.just forB.far fromC.all aboutD.up to问题14选项A.struggledB.faredC.failedD.recited问题15选项A.volumeB.scaleC.shapeD.size【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C第6题:D第7

17、题:A第8题:D第9题:B第10题:A第11题:C第12题:B第13题:D第14题:B第15题:A【解析】（1）考查动词辨析。describe 描述；memorize 记住；document 记录 ；present呈现出。句意为：事实上，你所用来记录你参展经历的相机正在损坏你的记忆，而不是保持你的记忆。选项C符合句意。（2）考查动词辨析。impair “损伤”；compile “编辑”；activate “激活”；adapte “适应于；改编”。 句意：使用照相机会损坏你的记忆。选项A符合句意。（3）考查固定搭配。sponsored 赞助； conducted 实施，进行；managed管理；

18、arranged 安排。conduct study “实施，进行(研究、实验等)”句意：这项由而进行的研究。（4）考查固定搭配。to 给；in在里面；for对于，为了；by 通过。have a memory for (of) sth.表示“对某事的记忆”。句意：他们对所看到物品及物品细节的记忆反而比不用相机记录时还要差。（5）考查关系词辨析。where关系副词，表地点；when关系副词，表时间；how怎样；句意为：当参观博物馆的人们用相机来记录他们所看到的绘画、古迹，以及其他历史文物的时候，他们对所看到物品及物品细节的记忆反而比不用相机记录时还要差。选项C符合句意。（6）考查介词词组辨析。in

19、 advance “提前”；in essence “本质上”；at hand “手头”； on display “展示”。句意为：他们使用相机记录博物馆中所展示的绘画、古迹，以及其他历史文物。选项D符合句意。（7）考查动词词组辨析。rely on “依赖”；account for “解释”；lay out “展开”；stick to “坚持”。句意为：人们依赖科技手段来记住所看到的事件。选项A符合句意。（8）考查固定搭配。view 观看，benefit 受益；add to表示“增加”，attend to表示“关注”；句意：人们依赖相机来记住事件，就无须自己来记住了。选项D符合句意。（9）考查名

20、词辨析。suggestion 建议；impact 影响；inference 推理；feedback 反馈； have an impact on “对产生影响”。句意：这会对人们关于其所经历事件的记忆产生负面影响。选项B符合句意。（10）考查动词词组辨析。set up “建立，安排”；put up “建造，修建”；makeup “组成，化妆”；run up“上涨，增涨”。句意为：Henkel教授在费尔菲尔德大学的一家博物馆安排了一场实验。选项A符合句意。（11）考查关系词辨析。which关系代词；when关系副词，表时间；where关系副词，表地点；as 关系代词。空格所在句是非限制性定语从句，

21、表示“Henkel教授在该大学招募大学生参与实验”。选项C符合要求。（12）考查动词辨析。march “前进，行军”；tour “观光，参观”；scan “扫描”；survey “调查，勘测”。句意：招募大学生参观博物馆并对具体物品进行记录。选项B符合句意。（13）考查固定搭配。just for “仅仅为了”； far from “远远没有达到”；all about “都是关于”；up to “多达，直到，在于，由决定”。句意：这由被试者自己决定。选项D符合句意。（14）考查动词辨析。struggle “挣扎”；fare “进展”；fail “失败”；recite “背诵”。句意：研究结果证明

22、，使用相机的被试者与依靠自己观察技能进行记忆的被试者相比，其记忆成绩更糟。选项B符合句意。（15）考查名词辨析。volume “数量”；scale “尺度”；shape “形状”；size “尺寸”。句意为：研究表明仅仅是用来记录个人经历的数码照片的数量与这些照片缺乏组织性就阻碍了人们对这些信息的提取和回忆。选项A符合句意。8.填空题The British government turns its attention to the dire state of vocational training. Budget cuts are never pleasant. Yet the past fe

23、w years have been particularly hard, says Gerry McDonald, the chief executive of New City College in east London. (71)Since 1990, funding for primary and secondary schools has soared. (72) But there has been no such increase in cash for further education, the mostly vocational courses for over-16s.O

24、n March 8th Philip Hammond, the chancellor, turned his attention to the sector. After announcing funding to pave the way for new selective grammar schools, he promised a big injection of cash for further education and confirmed a shake-up of the chaotic way in which it is organized. By 2022, college

25、s will get an additional 500m ($ 600m) a year, a 19% increase in the 16- to 19- year-old vocational-education budget.Britain has historically put little emphasis on further education. (73) That may help explain why productivity growth has stalled, and why British youngsters are less literate and num

26、erate than their peers in other rich countries.Employers moan that skilled workers are scarce, especially in industries like engineering and IT. The sector has struggled with shoddy qualifications. The six in ten 18-year-olds who do not take A-levels, academic school-leaving qualifications, are poor

27、ly served by a hotchpotch of some 13,000 courses of varying quality.In 2015, the government commissioned Lord Sainsbury to examine the state of technical education in England. (74) Many of the courses are too basic to be of much use. Mr. Hammond now aims to clear up this muddle.Following Lord Sainsb

28、urys recommendations, the government will introduce 15 subject areas, grouping together topics such as social care or transport and logistics. Students will work towards “T-levels” (for “technical”), developed with firms. (75) The extra funding will provide more work placements. And those who go on

29、to take degree-equivalent qualifications will have access to loans to cover the cost of living.A. Universities have been given the right to raise their incomes by levying tuition fees on students.B. His institution is the result of a merger of three local colleges that have pooled resources in the p

30、ast year partly to cut costs.C. His report, published in 2016, despaired that a wannabe plumber had to choose between 33 qualifications, offered at three different levels, by five awarding organizations.D. Organizations will compete for the right to award the qualification.E. In 2012 it placed 16th

31、out of 20 member countries of the OECD in a ranking of the proportion of 20- to 45-year-olds who finished education with a vocational qualification.F. Some would rather the reforms offered a broader education to those going down a vocational path, with more of a focus on ensuring competency in maths

32、 and English.【答案】71.B72.A73.E74.C75.D【解析】【选项释义】A. Universities have been given the right to raise their incomes by levying tuition fees on students. A. 大学被赋予通过向学生征收学费来提高收入的权利。B. His institution is the result of a merger of three local colleges that have pooled resources in the past year partly to cu

33、t costs. B. 他的机构是由三所当地学院合并而成的，这些学院在过去的一年里集中了资源，部分原因是为了削减成本。C. His report, published in 2016, despaired that a wannabe plumber had to choose between 33 qualifications, offered at three different levels, by five awarding organizations. C. 他在2016年发表的报告中，对一个想当水管工的人必须在五个授予机构提供的三个不同级别的三十三个资格证书中做出选择感到绝望。D.

34、 Organizations will compete for the right to award the qualification. D. 各组织将为授予学历的权利而竞争。E. In 2012 it placed 16th out of 20 member countries of the OECD in a ranking of the proportion of 20- to 45-year-olds who finished education with a vocational qualification. E. 2012年，在经合组织二十个成员国中，在完成教育并获得职业资格的二

35、十至四十五岁的人的比例排名中，它名列第十六位。F. Some would rather the reforms offered a broader education to those going down a vocational path, with more of a focus on ensuring competency in maths and English. F. 一些人希望改革能够为那些走上职业道路的人提供更广泛的教育，更加注重确保数学和英语的能力。71.【考查点】上下文关联。【解题思路】第一段说到“预算削减（Budget cuts）从来不是令人愉快的。”，介绍了英国职业培训

36、方面预算削减的情况，B选项中的“cut costs（削减成本）”和上文的“Budget cuts（预算削减）”相对应。因此B选项“他的机构是由三所当地学院合并而成的，这些学院在过去的一年里集中了资源，部分原因是为了削减成本。”正确。72.【考查点】上下文关联。【解题思路】本段说到“对中小学（primary and secondary schools）的资助大幅增加。但是用于继续教育（further education）的资金却没有增加。”，介绍了政府对不同类型学校的资金资助情况，A选项中的“Universities（大学）”也属于一种学校类型。因此A选项“大学被赋予通过向学生征收学费来提高收入

37、的权利。”正确。73.【考查点】上下文关联。【解题思路】上文说到“英国历来很少重视（put little emphasis on）继续教育。”，E选项中的“在二十个成员国中名列第十六位”就是这一情况带来的结果。因此E选项“2012年，在经合组织二十个成员国中，在完成教育并获得职业资格的二十至四十五岁的人的比例排名中，它名列第十六位。”正确。74.【考查点】上下文关联。【解题思路】上文说到“2015年，政府委托塞恩思伯里勋爵调查英格兰的技术教育状况。”，C选项中的“His report, published in 2016（他在2016年发表的报告）”和上文的“2015年”相对应。因此C选项“他

38、在2016年发表的报告中，对一个想当水管工的人必须在五个授予机构提供的三个不同级别的三十三个资格证书中做出选择感到绝望。”正确。75.【考查点】上下文关联。【解题思路】下文说到“而那些继续获得同等学历（qualifications）的人将获得贷款以支付生活成本。”，由此可知空格处应该再说为学生提供学历，D选项中的“award the qualification（授予学历）”和上文的“go on to take degree-equivalent qualifications（继续获得同等学历）”相对应。因此D选项“各组织将为授予学历的权利而竞争。”正确。9.单选题It rained heavi

39、ly, and （ ） a flood came destroying everything in the valley.问题1选项A.consequentlyB.yetC.subsequentlyD.thus【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。consequently “因此，结果”；yet “但是”；subsequently “随后，后来”；thus “因此，从而”。句意：雨下得很大，_洪水摧毁了山谷中的一切。空格处后是大雨造成的结果，因此选项A符合题意。10.单选题Medical statistics have shown that the widespread use of cigarettes （ ） to the increase of cancers.问题1选项A.refersB.confinesC.owesD.contributes【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。refer to “参考；涉及”；confine to “只限于.”；owe to “归功于；由于”；contribute to “促成；导致”。句意：医疗统计表明香烟的普遍传播_患癌人数增加。前者是后者发生的原因，因此选项D符合题意。