初中英语被动语态讲解练习及问题详解

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1、word被动语态一、 考点、热点回顾【词汇辨析】1. across, through 穿过across指从一定X围的一边到另一边。动作是在物体的外表进展。常用于横穿街道、河流，穿过桥梁等。eg: They walk across the bridge. 他们步行走过了这座桥。through 侧重从物体的内部空间穿过，动作是在物体内部进展。常用于门、窗户、森林等。eg: He walks through the park. 他步行穿过公园。2. ill，sick“生病的。ill只在系动词后作表语 eg: Her mother was ill in bed.sick既可作表语 eg: Her mo

2、ther was sick in bed. 也可作定语 eg: Jane is taking care of her sick mother. 假如ill作定语，译为“坏的，恶劣的 eg: an ill person一个坏人sick作表语时也常译为“恶心的，想吐的“eg: The boy always feels sick when he travels by car.【固定搭配】动词+ 名词/ 代词/ 副词+ 介词make room for给.腾出地方 eg: We can make room for her at this table.play a joke on戏弄人；对人恶作剧eg:

3、We cant play a joke on law.speak highly of称赞eg: The customs speak highly of their quality of service.say good bye to告别；告辞 eg:I dont want to say good bye to them.take an active part in积极参加 eg: They take an active part in school activities.take care of照顾；照料；注意 eg: Could you take care of my plants whil

4、e Im on vacation?【被动语态】一语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。二被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be与物动词的过去分词构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时

5、态中的构成。一般现在时：amisarespoken一般过去时：waswerespoken一般将来时：willshall bespoken现在进展时：amisare beingspoken过去进展时：was/were beingspoken现在完成时：havehas beenspoken过去完成时：had been + spoken三被动语态的用法1不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Some new puters were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。不知道是谁偷的This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。2

6、强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须与时完成。四主动语态变被动语态的方法1把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2把谓语变成被动结构be过去分词 根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以与原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。3把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed

7、at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree.A tree was cut down by him.五含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词构成We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it a

8、t once.It should be done at once.六特殊情况1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.2.Mother never lets me watch TV .I am never let to watch TV by mother.3.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.1A Christmas present was given to Peter by

9、 Jack just now.2Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.常见的句型结构：It is(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought.that.大家同意相信、决定、希望、认为.It is(was)well known that.众所周知It is(was)taken for granted that.被视为当然It must be remembered that.务必记住.It mustnt be forgotten that.千万别忘记.It is(was)said(repor

10、ted，heard，told，suggested)that.据说(报道、听说、告知、建议.)二、典型例题 1The Olympic Games _every four years. A are held B were held Care holding Dwill ho1d 2. In the art show，a lot of enjoyment _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings A is giving B is given C will give D has given 3. Today Chinese is being more a

11、nd more popular. It_in. many schools around the world.A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. is taught 4. Ba Jin,one of the greatest writers in China,_asPeoples Writer.A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards 5. Usually puters_to search the Internet.A. use B. are using C. are us

12、ed D. used 6. -Do you often clean your classroom? -Yes. Our classroom _every day.A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned 7.一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible? 一YesIn fact，it _.Thats all because of the people and the factories around A polluted B was polluted C has polluted Dwas po11ute 8.

13、-Our environment is getting worse than before. -Youre right. But thanks to Earth Day_,people have done more and more useful things to protect(保护)the earth since Earth Day.A. is started B. was started C. has started 9. -I feel very happy that I _to be the host. -Congratulations!A. choose B. am chosen

14、 C. was chosen D. haven chosen 10. Many trees and flowers _ in our school last year，and they made our school a beautifulgardenAplant Bplanted Chave plantedDwere planted 11.Some famous paintings_in the hall next week.A. will show B. were shown C. is shown D. will be shown 12. A talk on developments i

15、n science and technology in the school hall next week . A. given B. will be given C. has been given D. gives 13.-Great changes have taken place in this city. -Right. Many modern tall buildings have been _ these days. A. turned upB. put up C. shown up D. fixed up 14.Twelve-year-olds should notto driv

16、e in China.A. allow B. be allow C. allowed D. be allowed 15.Do you often clean your classroom? Yes, our classroom _ every day.A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned D. Cleaned三、课后练习 1Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start. Im sorry, but I _ when to meet. A. dont tell B. didnt tell C. h

17、avent told D. wasnt told 2Many old houses around our school _ next year and a large green area will appear. A. pull downB. will be pulled downC. will pull downD. are pulled down 3- My watch _. - Dont worry. Lets go to the Lost & Found. A. is lost B. is broken C. has found D. has stopped 4-Did you go

18、 to Sams weekend party? -No, I_. A. am not invitedB. wasnt invitedC. havent invitedD. didnt invite 5- How often _ your school sports meeting _? - Once a year.A. does; hold B. was; hold C. is; held D. did; hold 6On May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty (明朝) _ at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kon

19、g dollars. A. sell B. sold C. is sold D. was sold 7The Thousand- hand Guanyin _ by many people as the best performance at CCTVs Spring Festival Evening. A. has been regarded B. are regarded C. has regarded D. regards 8Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful. Yes, they _ in Hangzhou. A. pai

20、ntedB. were painting C. were paintedD. had painted 9-Dont litter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign: “Rubbishinto the dustbin.-Sorry. A, has throw B, was throw C, must throw D , must be thrown 10The 29th 0lympic Games _in Beijing in 2008Awill hold B will be held Chold 11. The girl was often heard hap

21、pily in her room.A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings 12. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _ in our school in the next term. A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build 13. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _ in our school in the next term. A. will be buil

22、t B. was built C. has built D. will build 14. The sick boy _ to hospital by the police yesterday.A. is taken B. was taken C. takes D. took 15. -Its difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.-I think a bridge _ over the river.A. was built B. is being built C. has been built D.

23、should be built 16. -David, turn off the TV_ no one is watching it. -But it _ off already! The music is from the radio. A. so that, has been turned B. when, has turned C. if, has been turned D. because, has turned 17. Usually John to school in his fathers beautiful car.A. has taken B. is taking C. i

24、s taken D. has been taken 18. Dont put off todays work for tomorrow. I mean, todays work _ today.A. may do B. must do C. may be done D. must be done 19.-Look, what an old palace! It looks so great!-Yeah, it _ nearly 800 years ago.A. was building B. was builtC. has builtD. is built 20. Dont discuss t

25、he problems with your partner unless you _ to do so. A. ask B. are asked C. will ask D. will be asked12 / 12典型例题一般现在时1A 。解析考查被动语态，根据句意，“奥运会每四年举行一次可见须用一般现在时的被动语态，故排除了B、C、D。2答案B。解析此题考查被动语态，句中a lot of enjoyment是动作的承受者。“在这次艺术展中，一些有趣的东西通过中国国画展示给外国朋友。3答案D。解析考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。4答案A。

26、解析 选用一般现在时态的被动语态，表示人们对这位伟大作家的爱戴。5答案C 。解析从句子看，电脑作主语，是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态，应当选C。6. 答案C。解析考查被动语态物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。 一般过去时1答案B。考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。 2答案B。 解析从句意：“自从地球日开始以来，人们已做了一些越来越有用的事保护环境。可知，“地球日的开始，要用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为was started应当选B。 3. We_into five groups to go to the

27、 old peoples home. We did many things to cheer them up. 某某市A. divided B. are divided C. were divided3答案C。解析此题主要考查被动语态的用法。根据句意与语境可推知空格处应用被动语态的形式。由后一句We did many things可推断，时态应该是一般过去时。因此选C。4C 5D一般将来过去1答案D。解析 此题综合考查时态和语态。主语为“一些名画，在此为动作“展出的承受者，故应用被动语态，时间状语为next week，是表示将来的时间状语，所以句子时态是一般将来时，所以D项正确。2B答案B答案

28、：D。情态动词用于被动结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词。答案为C。句中有every day，主语为our classroom，故要用一般现在时的被动语态。【参考答案】1答案D 解析：依据句意：对不起，但我不知道什么时候见面。强调动作发生在过去，I 和tell之间是被动关系。2答案B 解析：由题干时间next year 科知识将来时态，句子主语是old houses ,应用被动语态。应当选B。3答案A 解析：由Lets go to the Lost & Found.可知，说明表丢失了。应当选4答案B 解析：由Did you go to Sams weekend party?可知陈述过去的动作的发

29、生，I 和invite之间存在着被动关系。应当选B。5答案C 解析：How often+一般疑问句？此句型用来提问在某一特定时间内进展某个动作的次数，表示“多长时间一次。往往针对频度副词如：always, seldom, usually, once a month, sometimes, every five minutes.等提问，常用于现在时或过去时。由题干your school sports meeting 作主语，谓语应用被动语态。应当选C。6答案D 解析：由On May 30th, ,可知动作发生在过去；其主语是one bowl与sell存在被动关系。7答案A 解析：依据题意： “千

30、手观音 被许多人认为是中央电视台春节联欢晚会最好的节目。表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，应用现在完成时。其主语是The Thousand- hand Guanyin，要用被动语态。应当选A。8答案C 解析：they指代Those eggs of different colors，主语是物，故用被动语态。依据结构，应选C.。9答案D 解析：依据句意：垃圾必须扔进垃圾箱里。表示“命令，句子主语是垃圾，应用被动语态。10答案B解析：考查一般将来时的被动语态。由in 2008可知是将来时，运动会应该是“被举行，所以使用一般将来时的被动语态：will +be+过去分词。11选B

31、。考查使役动词的被动语态。在主动语态中heard后用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，而在被动语态中动词不定式符号to需补上。由关键信息was often heard可直接断定正确答案为B。12选A。考查一般将来时的被动语态。由关键信息in the next term可知要用一般将来时，先排除B、C二项；另结合题意“据报道我们学校在下个学期有更多的教学楼被建造可知要用被动语态，故舍D选A。13选A14选B。由时间状语yesterday可知此题要用一般过去时，先排除A、C二项；另根据题意“那个生病的男孩被警察送到了医院可知要用被动语态，故舍D选B。15选D 16选C。考查现在完成时的被动语态。结

32、合题意“如果没有人看电视就关掉它可知第一个空是条件状语从句；另由关键信息“The music is from the radio.可知“电视已经关掉了，要用现在完成时的被动语态，故正确答案为C。17选C18选D。考查含情态动词的被动语态。由题意“今天的工作必须在今天被做完可知此题要用被动语态，先排除A、B二项；结合题意可舍C选D。19选B。考查一般过去时的被动语态。由时间状语nearly 800 years ago可知要用一般过去时，先排除C、D二项；另结合题意“它古老的宫殿在近800年前被建造的可舍A选B。20选B二、典型例题 1The Olympic Games _every four y

33、ears. A are held B were held Care holding Dwill ho1d 2. In the art show，a lot of enjoyment _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings A is giving B is given C will give D has given 3. Today Chinese is being more and more popular. It_in. many schools around the world.A. teaches B. is teaching C. ha

34、s taught D. is taught 4. Ba Jin,one of the greatest writers in China,_asPeoples Writer.A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards 5. Usually puters_to search the Internet.A. use B. are using C. are used D. used 6. -Do you often clean your classroom? -Yes. Our classroom _every day.A. c

35、lean B. cleans C. is cleaned 7.一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible? 一YesIn fact，it _.Thats all because of the people and the factories around A polluted B was polluted C has polluted Dwas po11ute 8. -Our environment is getting worse than before. -Youre right. But thanks to Earth Day_

36、,people have done more and more useful things to protect(保护)the earth since Earth Day.A. is started B. was started C. has started 9. -I feel very happy that I _to be the host. -Congratulations!A. choose B. am chosen C. was chosen D. haven chosen 10. Many trees and flowers _ in our school last year，a

37、nd they made our school a beautifulgardenAplant Bplanted Chave plantedDwere planted 11.Some famous paintings_in the hall next week.A. will show B. were shown C. is shown D. will be shown 12. A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week . A. given B. will be given C.

38、has been given D. gives 13.-Great changes have taken place in this city. -Right. Many modern tall buildings have been _ these days. A. turned upB. put up C. shown up D. fixed up 14.Twelve-year-olds should notto drive in China.A. allow B. be allow C. allowed D. be allowed 15.Do you often clean your c

39、lassroom? Yes, our classroom _ every day.A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned D. Cleaned三、课后练习 1Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start. Im sorry, but I _ when to meet. A. dont tell B. didnt tell C. havent told D. wasnt told 2Many old houses around our school _ next year and a large g

40、reen area will appear. A. pull downB. will be pulled downC. will pull downD. are pulled down 3- My watch _. - Dont worry. Lets go to the Lost & Found. A. is lost B. is broken C. has found D. has stopped 4-Did you go to Sams weekend party? -No, I_. A. am not invitedB. wasnt invitedC. havent invitedD.

41、 didnt invite 5- How often _ your school sports meeting _? - Once a year.A. does; hold B. was; hold C. is; held D. did; hold 6On May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty (明朝) _ at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars. A. sell B. sold C. is sold D. was sold 7The Thousand- hand Guanyin _ by ma

42、ny people as the best performance at CCTVs Spring Festival Evening. A. has been regarded B. are regarded C. has regarded D. regards 8Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful. Yes, they _ in Hangzhou. A. paintedB. were painting C. were paintedD. had painted 9-Dont litter the ground, boy ,Loo

43、k at the sign: “Rubbishinto the dustbin.-Sorry. A, has throw B, was throw C, must throw D , must be thrown 10The 29th 0lympic Games _in Beijing in 2008Awill hold B will be held Chold 11. The girl was often heard happily in her room.A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings 12. It is reported that more

44、new teaching buildings _ in our school in the next term. A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build 13. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _ in our school in the next term. A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build 14. The sick boy _ to hospital by the polic

45、e yesterday.A. is taken B. was taken C. takes D. took 15. -Its difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.-I think a bridge _ over the river.A. was built B. is being built C. has been built D. should be built 16. -David, turn off the TV_ no one is watching it. -But it _ off alr

46、eady! The music is from the radio. A. so that, has been turned B. when, has turned C. if, has been turned D. because, has turned 17. Usually John to school in his fathers beautiful car.A. has taken B. is taking C. is taken D. has been taken 18. Dont put off todays work for tomorrow. I mean, todays w

47、ork _ today.A. may do B. must do C. may be done D. must be done 19.-Look, what an old palace! It looks so great!-Yeah, it _ nearly 800 years ago.A. was building B. was builtC. has builtD. is built 20. Dont discuss the problems with your partner unless you _ to do so. A. ask B. are asked C. will ask

48、D. will be asked典型例题一般现在时1A 。解析考查被动语态，根据句意，“奥运会每四年举行一次可见须用一般现在时的被动语态，故排除了B、C、D。2答案B。解析此题考查被动语态，句中a lot of enjoyment是动作的承受者。“在这次艺术展中，一些有趣的东西通过中国国画展示给外国朋友。3答案D。解析考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。4答案A。解析 选用一般现在时态的被动语态，表示人们对这位伟大作家的爱戴。5答案C 。解析从句子看，电脑作主语，是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态，应当选C。6. 答案C。解析考查被动语态物作主语，

49、一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。 一般过去时1答案B。考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。 2答案B。 解析从句意：“自从地球日开始以来，人们已做了一些越来越有用的事保护环境。可知，“地球日的开始，要用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为was started应当选B。 3. We_into five groups to go to the old peoples home. We did many things to cheer them up. 某某市A. divided B. are divided C. were

50、 divided3答案C。解析此题主要考查被动语态的用法。根据句意与语境可推知空格处应用被动语态的形式。由后一句We did many things可推断，时态应该是一般过去时。因此选C。4C 5D一般将来过去1答案D。解析 此题综合考查时态和语态。主语为“一些名画，在此为动作“展出的承受者，故应用被动语态，时间状语为next week，是表示将来的时间状语，所以句子时态是一般将来时，所以D项正确。2B答案B答案：D。情态动词用于被动结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词。答案为C。句中有every day，主语为our classroom，故要用一般现在时的被动语态。【参考答案】1答案D 解析：依

51、据句意：对不起，但我不知道什么时候见面。强调动作发生在过去，I 和tell之间是被动关系。2答案B 解析：由题干时间next year 科知识将来时态，句子主语是old houses ,应用被动语态。应当选B。3答案A 解析：由Lets go to the Lost & Found.可知，说明表丢失了。应当选4答案B 解析：由Did you go to Sams weekend party?可知陈述过去的动作的发生，I 和invite之间存在着被动关系。应当选B。5答案C 解析：How often+一般疑问句？此句型用来提问在某一特定时间内进展某个动作的次数，表示“多长时间一次。往往针对频度副

52、词如：always, seldom, usually, once a month, sometimes, every five minutes.等提问，常用于现在时或过去时。由题干your school sports meeting 作主语，谓语应用被动语态。应当选C。6答案D 解析：由On May 30th, ,可知动作发生在过去；其主语是one bowl与sell存在被动关系。7答案A 解析：依据题意： “千手观音 被许多人认为是中央电视台春节联欢晚会最好的节目。表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，应用现在完成时。其主语是The Thousand- hand Guan

53、yin，要用被动语态。应当选A。8答案C 解析：they指代Those eggs of different colors，主语是物，故用被动语态。依据结构，应选C.。9答案D 解析：依据句意：垃圾必须扔进垃圾箱里。表示“命令，句子主语是垃圾，应用被动语态。10答案B解析：考查一般将来时的被动语态。由in 2008可知是将来时，运动会应该是“被举行，所以使用一般将来时的被动语态：will +be+过去分词。11选B。考查使役动词的被动语态。在主动语态中heard后用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，而在被动语态中动词不定式符号to需补上。由关键信息was often heard可直接断定正确答案

54、为B。12选A。考查一般将来时的被动语态。由关键信息in the next term可知要用一般将来时，先排除B、C二项；另结合题意“据报道我们学校在下个学期有更多的教学楼被建造可知要用被动语态，故舍D选A。13选A14选B。由时间状语yesterday可知此题要用一般过去时，先排除A、C二项；另根据题意“那个生病的男孩被警察送到了医院可知要用被动语态，故舍D选B。15选D 16选C。考查现在完成时的被动语态。结合题意“如果没有人看电视就关掉它可知第一个空是条件状语从句；另由关键信息“The music is from the radio.可知“电视已经关掉了，要用现在完成时的被动语态，故正确答案为C。17选C18选D。考查含情态动词的被动语态。由题意“今天的工作必须在今天被做完可知此题要用被动语态，先排除A、B二项；结合题意可舍C选D。19选B。考查一般过去时的被动语态。由时间状语nearly 800 years ago可知要用一般过去时，先排除C、D二项；另结合题意“它古老的宫殿在近800年前被建造的可舍A选B。20选B