2022年考博英语-合肥工业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷12

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1、2022年考博英语-合肥工业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题In the IT industry, some think of Bill Gates as a monster while others _ him as a living god.问题1选项A.extricateB.disparageC.emulateD.revere【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A项extricate“使解脱，解救”，B项disparage“贬低，抨击，诋毁”，C项emulate“仿真，模仿，尽力赶上”，D项revere“敬畏，尊敬，崇敬”。由while“然而”和as a monste

2、r“一个怪物”以及as a living god“活着的神”可知，前后语义是相反的，那么空格处填入“尊敬”符合句意。句意：在IT行业，一些人认为比尔盖茨是一个怪物，而另一些人则把他尊为活着的神。因此，该题选择D项正确。2. 单选题Some of the patients, especially the dying, wanted to _ in the man and woman who had eased their suffering.问题1选项A.ponderB.confideC.dwellD.reflect【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项ponder“仔细考虑，衡量”，B项conf

3、ide“吐露，委托”，confide in表示“向吐露秘密”；C项dwell“居住，存在于，细想某事”，dwell in表示“居住”；D项reflect“反映，反射，照出”，reflect in表示“在中反映出来”。根据句子的意思“有些病人，尤其是垂死的病人，想要减轻了他们的痛苦的人”可知，四个选项中只有B项能够代入。句意：有些病人，尤其是垂死的病人，想向减轻了他们痛苦的男人和女人倾诉。因此，该题选择B项正确。3. 单选题At planning meetings with the senior management I often had to endure predictable littl

4、e jokes about me, but I took them _.问题1选项A.with a violent laughB.on my conscienceC.with a good graceD.in the best humor【答案】D【解析】考查短语辨析。A项with a violent laugh“狂笑”，B项on my conscience“在意”，C项with a good grace“情愿地，欣然地”，D项in the best humor“以最幽默的方式”。由前面句子的句意“在策划与高级管理人员的会议时，我经常不得不忍受那些不出所料关于我的小笑话”，结合后面的but转折

5、可知，“以最幽默的方式”符合语境。句意：在策划与高级管理人员的会议时，我经常不得不忍受那些可以预见的关于我的小笑话，但我以最幽默的方式接受了它们。因此，该题选择D项正确。4. 单选题The result means that the _ world champion has extended his lead in this seasons championship.问题1选项A.trampingB.loiteringC.reigningD.strolling【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。A项tramping为动词tramp的现在分词，表示“踩，步行”，B项loitering为动词loite

6、r的现在分词，表示“闲荡，虚度，盘旋”，C项reigning为形容词，表示“统治的，在位的，本届的”，D项strolling为形容词，表示“巡回演出的，消闲散步的”。空格处缺少一个定语修饰world champion“世界冠军”，由此可知，四个选项中只有C项符合语境。句意：这一结果意味着这位卫冕世界冠军在本赛季的锦标赛中扩大了领先优势。因此，该题选择C项正确。5. 单选题He left the house _ unaware that he was still wearing his pajamas.问题1选项A.assiduouslyB.blithelyC.perfunctorilyD.do

7、mestically【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。A项assiduously“刻苦地，勤勉地”，B项blithely“快活地，无忧无虑地”，C项perfunctorily“敷衍地，潦草地，表面地”，D项domestically“国内地，家庭式地，适合国内地”。由句子意思“他离开了家_没有意识到他还穿着睡衣”可知，空格处应该填入副词修饰unaware，四个选项中只有C项符合语境。句意：他若无其事地离开了家，没有意识到他还穿着睡衣。因此，该题选择C项正确。6. 单选题In his speech, the president emphasized that the challenge to man

8、s future can never be met by making _ adjustments here and there.问题1选项A.adventurousB.assiduousC.marginalD.moderate【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项adventurous“爱冒险的，大胆的，充满危险的”，B项assiduous“刻苦的，勤勉的”，C项marginal“微不足道的，不重要的，边缘的”，D项moderate“稳健的，温和的，适度的”。根据句子意思“在他的演讲中，总统强调，人类未来的挑战永远不能通过到处的调整来应对”可知，四个选项中只有marginal符合语境。句意：

9、总统在演讲中强调，人类未来所面临的挑战不可能通过到处的微小调整来应对。因此，该题选择C项正确。7. 单选题Very young children with no reading experience may astound their parents with the first words they read, such as a department store sign announcing Big Sale.问题1选项A.amazeB.pleaseC.conveyD.bother【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。astound表示“使惊骇，使震惊”；A项amaze“使吃惊”，B项plea

10、se“使喜欢，使高兴，使满意”，C项convey“传达，运输，让与”，D项bother“烦扰，打扰，使不安”。句意：没有阅读经验的幼儿第一次读到的单词可能会让他们的父母感到震惊，比如百货商店的招牌上写着“大减价”。因此，根据句意可知A选项正确。8. 翻译题The ability of falling cats to right themselves in midair and land on their feet has been a source of wonder for ages. Biologists long regarded it as an example of adaptati

11、on by natural selection, but for physicists it bordered on the miraculous.Newtons laws of motion assume that the total amount of spin of a body cannot change unless an external torque speeds it up or slow it down. If a cat has no spin when it is released and experiences no external torque, it ought

12、not to be able to twist around as it falls.In the speed of its execution, the righting of a tumbling cat resembles a magicians trick. The gyrations of the cat in midair are too fast for the human eye to follow, so the process is obscured. Either the eye must be speeded up, or the cats fall slowed do

13、wn for the phenomenon to be observed. A century ago the former was accomplished by means of high-speed photography using equipment now available in any pharmacy.But in the nineteenth century the capture on film of a falling cat constituted a scientific experiment. The experiment was described in a p

14、aper presented to the Paris Academy in 1894. Two sequences of twenty photographs each, one from the side and one from behind, show a white cat in the act of righting itself. Grainy and quaint though they are, the photos show that the cat was dropped upside down with no initial spin, and still landed

15、 on its feet. Careful analysis of the photos reveals the secret: As the cat rotates the front of its body clockwise, the rear and tail twist counterclockwise, so that the total spin remains zero, in perfect accord with Newtons laws. Halfway down, the cat pulls in its legs before reversing its twist

16、and then extends them again, with the desired end result.The explanation was that while nobody can acquire spin without torque, a flexible one can readily change its orientation, or phase. Cats know this instinctively, but scientists could not be sure how it happened until they increased the speed o

17、f their perceptions a thousand fold.【答案】很久以前，降落中的猫在半空中平衡身体并以脚落地的能力一直令人好奇。生物学家们一直认为这是适应自然选择的一个例子，但对于物理学家，这真的是不可思议。牛顿运动定律认为身体自旋的总量不变，除非外部扭矩使之加速或减缓。如果一只猫在被释放时没有旋转，也没有感受到外部扭矩，那么它在下落时就不应该旋转。翻滚着的猫，以如此的速度平衡身体就像一个魔术师变戏法。猫在半空中的旋转得太快，人类的眼睛很难看清，所以这个过程是模糊的。要观察这个现象，要么眼睛必须加速，要么猫的下降减速。一个世纪以前，前者可以通过高速摄影的方法做到，使用的是现在

18、在任何药店都能买到的设备。但在19世纪，拍摄坠落的猫构成了一个科学实验。1984年的一篇论文巴黎学院描述了这个实验。两组共20张照片，一组从侧面，另一组从后面，展示了一只白猫平衡自己的行为。尽管照片有纹理很老式，但是展示了猫的行为：起初没有旋转，却翻滚着落下，并仍然用脚落地。对照片的仔细分析揭示了这个秘密：猫顺时针旋转身体前部时，身体后部和尾巴逆时针扭动，所以总自旋仍然是零，完全符合牛顿定律。下降中途，猫在颠倒扭转之前腿部收紧然后再展开，这样就得到了预期的最终结果。其解释是：尽管没有扭矩，身体不能旋转，但是灵活者可以随时改变其旋转方向或阶段。猫本能地知道这点，但科学家们不能确定这事是怎么发生的

19、，直到他们将其感知提高一千倍的速度。9. 单选题Plato had an essentially antagonistic view of art and the artist, although he approved of certain religious and moralistic kinds of art.问题1选项A.ethicalB.responsiveC.feasibleD.hostile【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。antagonistic表示“敌对的，对抗性的”；A项ethical“伦理的，道德的”，B项responsive“响应的，应答的”，C项feasible“可

20、行的，可能的，可实行的”，D项hostile“敌对的，敌方的，怀敌意的”。句意：尽管柏拉图赞同某些宗教和道德的艺术类型，但他对艺术和艺术家的看法本质上是对立的。因此，根据句意可知D选项正确。10. 单选题Although many （modifications）have been made in it, the game known in the United States as football can be traced directly to the English game of rugby.问题1选项A.rulesB.changesC.demandsD.leagues【答案】B【解析

21、】考查名词辨析。modification表示“修改，修正”；A项rule“规则，建议，统治”，B项change“变化，改变，替代物”，C项demand“（坚决的或困难的）要求，（顾客的）需求”，D项league“联盟，社团，范畴”。句意：尽管对其进行了许多修改，但在美国被称为足球的比赛可以直接追溯到英国的橄榄球比赛。根据句意可知，B项符合语境。因此，该题选择B项正确。11. 单选题If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, that is a sign which you are subconsciously aware of hav

22、ing no good reason for thinking as you do.问题1选项A.contrary toB.whichC.awareD.as you do【答案】B【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构可知，sign后面的句子是一个从句，根据从句的内容可知，这是对sign的补充说明，属于同位语从句，而which并不能引导同位语从句。句意：如果某一种与你相左的见解使你生气，那么这就是一种迹象，说明你潜意识地感到，你没法给自己的想法以充分的理由。因此，该题选择B项。12. 单选题Research shows that many voters who havent yet made u

23、p their minds are _ towards the Democrats.问题1选项A.tiltingB.skiddingC.transferringD.sliding【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项tilt“倾斜，翘起，俯仰（摄影机）”，B项skid“刹住，使减速，滚滑”，C项transfer“转让，转接，移交”，D项slide“滑动，平稳地走，悄悄移动”。根据句子意思“研究表明，许多尚未做出决定的选民都向民主党”可知，tilt符合语境，tilt towards表示“偏向，向倾斜”。句意：研究表明，许多尚未下定决心的选民正倾向于民主党。因此，该题选择A项正确。13. 单选题Tr

24、aditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal pointsperiods, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. It also has had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents ones findings, what constitutes

25、 admissible and adequate proof.Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjects come directly from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects are accompanied by new

26、 methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old questions “What happened?” and “How did it happen?” have give way to the question “why did it happen?” Prominent among the methods used to answer the question “Why” is psychoanalysis, and its use has given ris

27、e to psychohistory.Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical contexts. Historians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them. But this pragmatic use of psychology is not what psycho historians intend.

28、 They are committed, not just to psychology in general, but to Freudian psychoanalysis. This commitment precludes a commitment to history as historians have always understood it. Psychohistory derives its “facts” not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences, but from a vie

29、w of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence: that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable by, all historians. And it violates the basic tenet of historical method: that historians be alert to the negative instances that would r

30、efute their theses. Psychohistorians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the “deepest” explanation of any event and that other explanations fall short of the truth.Psychohistory is not content to violate the discipline of history (in the sens

31、e of the proper mode of studying and writing about the past); it also violates the past itself. It denies to the past an integrity and will of its own, in which people acted out of a variety of motives and in which events had a multiplicity of causes and effects. It imposes upon the past the same de

32、termination that it imposes upon the present, thus robbing people and events of their individuality and of their complexity. Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times a

33、nd in all circumstances.17. Which of the following best states the main point of the passage?18. It can be inferred from the passage that one way in which traditional history can be distinguished from psychohistory is that traditional history usually _.19. The passage supplies information for answer

34、ing which of the following questions?20. The author of the passage puts the word “deepest” in Para.3 in quotation marks most probably in order to _.问题1选项A.The approach of psychohistorians to historical study is currently in vogue even though it lacks the rigor and verifiability of traditional histor

35、ical methodB.Traditional historians can benefit from studying the techniques and findings of psychohistorians.C.History is composed of unique and non-repeating events that must be individually analyzed on the basis of publicly verifiable evidenceD.The psychological assessment of an individuals behav

36、ior and attitudes is more informative than the details of his or her daily life问题2选项A.relies on a single interpretation of human behavior to explain historical eventsB.interprets historical events in such a way that their specific nature is transcendedC.views past events as complex and having their

37、own individualityD.turns to psychological explanations in historical contexts to account for events问题3选项A.What are some specific examples of the use of psychohistory in historical interpretation?B.When do traditional historians consider psychological explanations of historical developments appropria

38、te?C.What sort of historical figure is best suited for psychological analysis?D.What is the basic criterion of historical evidence required by traditional historians?问题4选项A.draw attention to a contradiction in the psychohistorians methodB.signal her reservations about the accuracy of psychohistorian

39、s claim for their workC.emphasize the major difference between the traditional historians method and that of psychohistoriansD.question the usefulness of psychohistorians insights into traditional historical scholarship【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B【解析】17. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】主旨大意题。第一段提出“历史研究在传统上的特点”；第二段讲“现代历史研究

40、的特点和它与传统历史研究的不同点导致了心理历史学的出现，谈及心理历史学的流行性”；第三段与第四段讲“心理历史学研究的特点与相比传统历史研究的不足”。因此，总的来说，文章谈及“心理历史学家研究历史的方式很流行，但是，相比传统历史研究，心理历史研究有些不足”因此A选项“虽然缺乏传统历史研究方式的精确性和严密性，但是心理历史学家研究历史的方式很流行”正确，符合题意。B选项“传统历史学家可以从研究心理历史学的方法和发现中获得帮助”，C选项“历史是由唯一的且不可重复性的事件构成，并且这些事件须在公开可验证的证据基础上进行单独分析”，D选项“对个人的行为和态度的心理评估比其日常生活的细节涵盖的信息量更大”

41、均未在文中提及，可排除。故选A。18. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到最后一段中谈及心理历史学的不足。It imposes upon the past the same determinism that it imposes upon the present, thus robbing people and events of their individuality and of their complexity.（它把决定当前情况的决定论强加给过去，这就剥夺了人和事件的独特性和复杂性。）Instead of respecting the particularity of the

42、 past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances.（它不是尊重过去的特殊性，而是把过去和现在的所有事件都吸收到一个单一的决定论模式中，假设这个模式在任意时间和任意环境中都是正确的。）由此可以推论出传统历史的特点是认为过去事件复杂且有各自个性。因此C选项“认为过去的事件是复杂的，有自己的个性”正确，符合题意。由第一段Traditionally,

43、 the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal pointsperiods, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders.（按传统来说，历史研究的边界已固定，侧重于时代，国家，大事件和重要领袖）可知A选项“依赖对人行为的单一解释来解释历史事件”与原文不符，可排除。定位在第三段Psychohistory derives its “facts” not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences

44、, but from a view of human nature that transcends history.（心理历史学不从历史中寻找“事实”，（比如）对历史事件及其影响的详实完备的记录，而来自对创造历史的个体的精神分析，不从他们一生中的具体事件推导观点，而是来自超越历史的人性观。）可知，B选项“以超越历史事件的特定本质的方式来解释历史事件”属于现代心理历史学研究的特点，可排除。由第三段第一与第二句Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical contexts. Historians

45、 have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them.（心理史学不只是在历史背景下使用心理学解释。历史学家总是在合适的时候和有足够证据的时候使用这种解释。）可知D选项“从心理学角度来解释历史背景下的事件”属于传统历史研究和现代心理历史学研究的共同特点，并不是传统历史学所独有的，可排除。故选C。19. 【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。定位在第三段It denies the basic criterion of histori

46、cal evidence: that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable by all historians.（它（心理历史学）违背历史学证据的基本标准：证据必须对所有的历史学者公开，进而被所有学者检验。）可以推论出文章回答了传统历史学家需要的历史证据的标准是什么这个问题，因此D选项“传统历史学家所要求的历史证据的基本标准是什么？”正确，符合题意。A选项“从心理历史学的角度对历史进行解释的一些典型例子是什么？”B选项“传统历史学家什么时候认为对历史发展的心理学的解释是合理的？”，C选项“什么类型的历史人物最适

47、合进行心理学分析？”均未在文中有提及，可排除。故选D。20. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。由第三段中心理历史学相比传统历史学的不足如It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence: that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable by all historians.（它（心理历史学）违背历史学证据的基本标准：证据必须对所有的历史学者公开，进而被所有学者检验。）以及第三段中Psychohistorians, convinced of the ab

48、solute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the “deepest” explanation of any event that other explanations fall short of the truth.（心理历史学家们都相信自己观点的绝对正确，相信他们的观点是对任何事件的“最深刻”的解释而其他人的解释都不是真相。）可知，作者在这里为deepest加引号的目的是对心理历史学家对他们自己工作准确性的宣称不赞成，但是没有直接提出反对，只是持有保留态度。因此B选项“表明她对心理历史学

49、家对他们工作的准确性持保留意见”，正确，符合题意。A选项“对心理历史学家方法中的一个矛盾引起注意”，C选项“强调传统历史学家的方法与心理历史学家的方法的主要区别”，D选项“质疑心理历史学家对传统历史学术的见解的有效性”均不符合题意，可排除。故选B。14. 填空题For several years, scientists have been testing a substance called interferon(干扰素)，a 36 wonder drug that is proving to be effective in treating a variety of ailments, in

50、cluding virus infections, bacterial infections, and tumors. To 37 , the new drug has provoked no negative reaction of sufficient significance to 38 its use. But in spite of its success, last year only one gram was produced in the entire world.The reason for the 39 lies in the structure of interferon

51、. A species of specific protein, the interferon produced from one animal species cannot be used in 40 another animal species. In other words, to treat human beings, only interferon produced by human beings may be used. The drug is produced by infecting white blood cells with a virus. Fortunately, it

52、 is so 41 that the amount given each patient per injection is very small.Unlike antibiotics, interferon does not attack germs directly. 42 , it makes unaffected cells resistant to infection, and 43 the multiplication of viruses within cells.As you might conclude, one of the most 44 uses of interfero

53、n has been in the treatment of cancer. Dr. Hans Strander, research physician at Swedens famous Karolinska Institute, has treated more than one hundred cancer patients with the new drug. 45 a group of selected patients who had 46 surgical procedures for advanced cancer, half were given conventional t

54、reatments and the other half were given interferon. The 47 rate over a three-year period was 70 percent among those who were treated with interferon as 48 with only 10 to 30 percent among those who has received the 49 treatments.In the United States, a large-scale project supported by the American C

55、ancer Society is now under 50 . If the experiment is successful, interferon could become one of the greatest medical discoveries of our time.36. A. possible B. adequate C. potential D. capable37. A. time B. stage C. date D. period38. A. determine B. discourage C. decrease D. disclose39. A. uniquenes

56、s B. peculiarity C. feature D. scarcity40. A. treating B. producing C. operating D. handling41. A. potent B. slight C. obvious D. obscure42. A. However B. Moreover C. Hence D. Instead43. A. motivates B. prevents C. strikes D. eliminates44. A. restrictive B. dramatic C. probable D. crucial45. A. With

57、 B. For C. Among D. Within46. A. sustained B. endured C. prepared D. undergone47. A. existence B. treatment C. survival D. growth48. A. weighed B. balanced C. differentiated D. compared49. A. original B. conventional C. exceptional D. desirable50. A. way B. track C. course D. route【答案】36.A37.C38.B39

58、.D40.A41.A42.D43.B44.D45.C46.D47.C48.D49.B50.A Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE 【解析】36.考查形容词辨析。A选项possible“可能的；合理的；合适的”；B选项adequate“充足的；适当的；胜任的”；C选项potential“潜在的；可能的”；D选项capable“能干的；能胜任的”。由前一句scientists have been testing a substance called interferon“科学家们一直在测试一种叫作干扰素的物质”，可知这一物

59、质还在测试中，并未得出确切结果，所以能否成为wonder drug“特效药”只是一种可能。possible和potential都有可能的意思。potential一般是可以发展成某种东西或在未来能够被发展，具体指潜能方面上的。possible一般指能够做到的可能性。因此A选项符合题意。37.考查固定搭配。A选项time“时间；时代”；B选项stage“阶段；舞台”；C选项date“日期；约会”；D选项period“期间；经期”。由空格后the new drug has provoked no negative reaction of sufficient significance“这种新药还没有

60、引起足够的负面反应”，可知这里指从过去到现在的这段时间内，新药并未引起足够的负面反应。固定搭配to date“迄今为止”。因此C选项符合题意。38.考查动词辨析。A选项determine“决定；判定；限定”；B选项discourage“阻止；使气馁”；C选项decrease“减少；减小”；D选项disclose“公开；揭露”。因为迄今为止，这种新药还没有产生影响很大的副作用，新药的使用只是对一部分有需求的人而言的，所以这里应该是指不会阻止它的使用。因为这里并没有说使用者的数量，所以可以排除C选项。因此B选项符合题意。39.考查名词辨析。A选项uniqueness“独特性；独一无二”；B选项pe

61、culiarity“特性；怪癖”；C选项feature“特色，特征；容貌”；D选项scarcity“不足；稀缺”。结合第一段末尾句But in spite of its success, last year only one gram was produced in the entire world.“但尽管取得了成功，去年全世界只生产了一克。”由此可知特效药是非常稀缺的，所以第二段承接第一段的内容，开始分析造成稀缺的原因。因此D选项符合题意。40.考查动词辨析。A选项treating“治疗；对待”；B选项producing“生产；引起；生育”；C选项operating“操作；经营”；D选项h

62、andling“处理；操作”。句意：一种特殊的蛋白质，干扰素从一种动物中产生，不能用于另一种动物。空格后的信息In other words“换句话说”，to treat human beings“去治疗人类”，意味着两句的动词一致。因此A选项符合题意。41.考查形容词辨析。A选项potent“有效的；强有力的”；B选项slight“轻微的；少量的”；C选项obvious“明显的；显著的”；D选项obscure“不清楚的；不著名的”。句意：幸运的是，这种药物是非常，每次给每个病人的剂量都很小。药品使用的剂量越小越能够说明它更加强效。因此A选项符合题意。42.考查逻辑关系。A选项However“然而；但是”；B选项Moreover“而且；此外”；C选项Hence“因此”；D选项Instead“反而”。空格前Unlike antibiotics, interferon does not attack germs directly.“与抗生素不同，干扰素不直接攻击病菌。”与空格后it makes unaffected cells resistant to infection.“它让未受影响的细胞抵抗感染。”，根据逻辑关系可知主动攻击与保护是相反的，因此D选项符合题意。43.考查动词辨析。A选项motivate“刺激；使有动机”；B