2022年考博英语-东华大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷33

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1、2022年考博英语-东华大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The proposal he put forward two days ago has been supported by people on all sides of the political_.问题1选项A.spectrumB.ambitionC.expectationD.strength【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“spectrum”，意为范围，幅度，B选项“ambition”，意为“抱负，志向”，C选项“expectation”，意为“期望，期待”，D选项“strength”，意为“力气，力量”。

2、句意：他两天前提出的建议得到了政治力量各方面人士的支持。因此，D选项符合句意。2. 单选题The measures are little more than_ that will fade fast once investors take a hard look at them.问题1选项A.blind faithB.window dressingC.good impressionD.winning image【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“blind faith”，意为“盲目的信念”；B选项“window dressing”，意为“装点门面”；C选项“good impression”

3、，意为“好的印象”；D选项“winning image”意为“赢者的形象”，句意：这些措施不过是装点门面，一旦投资者仔细观察，它们很快就会消失。因此，B选项符合句意。3. 单选题At one time, marriages were always_ by the church, but this is not the case now.问题1选项A.sanctifiedB.underpinnedC.scannedD.appreciated【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“sanctified”，意为“认可的，批准的，神圣化的”；B选项“underpinned”，意为“加固的，被加固的”

4、；C选项“scanned”，意为“扫描的”;；D选项“appreciated”，意为“受欢迎的，赞赏的”，句意：过去，婚姻总是受到教会的约束，但现在不是这样了。因此，A选项符合句意。4. 单选题Due to an _by bank, there was less money in my account than there should have been.问题1选项A.intentB.oversightC.indecisionD.engagement【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“intent”，意为“意图，含义”；B选项“oversight”，意为“负责，疏忽”；C选项“indec

5、ision”，意为“犹豫不决，优柔寡断”；D选项“engagement”，意为“约会，契约”。句意：由于银行的疏忽，我银行里的钱比应有的少了。因此，B选项符合题意。5. 单选题Before he started the work, I asked the builder to give me an _ of the cost of repairing the roof.问题1选项A.assessmentB.estimateC.announcementD.evaluation【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A项assessment“估计、评定”；B项estimate“估价、判断”；C项annou

6、ncement“公告、宣告”；D项evaluation“评价”；句意：在他开始工作之前，我请建筑工人给我估计一下修理屋顶的费用。因此该题B项正确。6. 单选题This is but a_ of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored.问题1选项A.frictionB.fractionC.factionD.fracture【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“friction”，意为“摩擦力，摩擦”，B选项“fraction”，意为“分数，部分”；C选项“faction”，意为“派别，小集团”，D选项“frac

7、ture”，意为“破裂，断裂”，句意：这只是青少年所储存的全部信息的一小部分。因此，B选项符合句意。7. 单选题_ the claim about German economic might, it is somewhat surprising how relatively small the German economy actually is.问题1选项A.To giveB.GivenC.GivingD.Having given【答案】B【解析】考查given的用法。A项to give不定式；B项given 过去分词作介词放句首，表“考虑到”；C项giving现在分词；D项having g

8、iven现在完成时；句意：考虑到有关德国经济实力的说法，德国经济实际上是相对较小的，这多少有些令人惊讶。因此该题B项正确。8. 单选题A man has to make _ for his old age by putting aside enough money to live on when old.问题1选项A.supplyB.assuranceC.provisionD.adjustment【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A项supply“提供”；B项assurance“保证、保险”；C项provision“供应、准备”；D项adjustment“调整”；句意：一个人必须存下足够的钱来养

9、老。因此该题C项正确。9. 单选题In _ times, human beings did not travel for pleasure, but to find a more favorable climate.问题1选项A.primitiveB.primeC.preliminaryD.primary【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“primitive”，意为“原始的；远古的”；B选项“prime”，意为“主要的；最好的；基本的”；C选项“preliminary”，意为“初步的；开始的；预备的”；D选项“primary”，意为“主要的；初级的；基本的”。句意：在_原始_时代，人类长

10、途跋涉不是为了消遣，而是为了寻找更适宜的气候。空格后提到人们长途跋涉是为了寻找适宜的气候，这说明是原始时代，人们不断迁徙，为了寻找适宜的气候来生存。因此A选项符合题意。10. 单选题This is one of the few jobs you can do in this place and _being completely drunk.问题1选项A.contribute toB.get away withC.make forD.try on【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“contribute to”，意为“有助于，促成，捐献”，B选项“get away with”，意为“侥幸成功

11、，侥幸逃脱”，C选项“make for”，意为“有助于，促进，导致”，D选项“try on”，意为“试用，试穿”，句意：这是你在这里能做的为数不多的工作之一，而且还能避免喝醉。因此，B选项符合句意。11. 单选题The president paid _to the firemen who had fought the blaze, saying their bravery had saved countless lives.问题1选项A.attentionB.heedC.griefD.tribute【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“attention”，意为注意力，关心；B选项“heed

12、”，意为“注意，听从”；C选项“grief”，意为“悲痛，忧伤”；D选项“tribute”意为“致敬，悼念”，句意：总统向灭火的消防队员致敬，称赞他们的勇敢拯救了无数生命。因此，D选项符合句意。12. 单选题In the end the little boy went to school without so much a_ of protest.问题1选项A.whimperB.whimC.whirlD.whistle【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“whimper”，意为“抽泣，吹口哨”；B选项“whim”，意为“心血来潮，突发奇想”，C选项“whirl”，意为“旋转，回转”，D选项“

13、whistle”，意为“口哨，汽笛声”。句意：最后，小男孩去上学了，并没有多少抗议的念头。因此，B选项符合题意。13. 单选题I could see that my wife was _having that raincoat, whether I approve of it or not.问题1选项A.adequate forB.intent onC.short ofD.deficient in【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“adequate for”，意为“胜任的，适合的”， B选项“intent on”，意为“专心于，决心实行”，C选项“short of”意为“缺乏，不足，除以外

14、”，D选项“deficient in”，意为“不足，缺乏”。句意：不管我赞成与否，我能看出我妻子一心想要那一件雨衣。因此，B选项符合句意。14. 单选题According to legal provisions, the properties will either _the original owners or else be sold at auction.问题1选项A.commit toB.take toC.romp toD.revert to【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“commit to”，意为“交付，把投入，对作出承诺”，B选项“take to”，意为“带到，养成（做）的

15、习惯”，C选项“romp to”，意为“轻松”，D选项revert to，意为“回复，归还”。句意：根据法律规定，这些财产要么归原有者所有，要么被拍卖。因此，D选项符合句意。15. 单选题I didnt say anything like that at all. You are purposely _ my idea to prove your point.问题1选项A.revisingB.contradictingC.distortingD.distracting【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A项revise“修正、复习、校订”；B项contradict“反驳、否定”；C项distort

16、“扭曲、曲解”；D项distract“转移、分心”；句意：我根本没有那样说，你故意曲解我的观点以证明你的论点。因此该题C项正确。16. 单选题Although he is very rich, his undutiful children are the _ of his life.问题1选项A.torchB.tormentC.topicD.topper【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A项torch“火把、火炬”；B项torment“折磨、痛苦”；C项topic“主题”；D项topper“第一流人物、大礼帽”；句意：虽然他很有钱，但他那些不孝顺的孩子是他生活中的折磨。因此该题B项正确。17.

17、单选题Output from the power stations _steeply as restrictions on the movement of coal took effect.问题1选项A.fell behindB.fell backC.fell throughD.fell away【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“fell behind”，意为“落后，拖欠”；B选项“fell back”，意为“撤退，回落”；C选项“fell through”，意为“落空，失败”，D选项“fell away”，意为“消失，背离，抛弃”。句意：由于对煤炭运输的限制生效，发电站的发电量急剧下降

18、。因此，D选项符合题意。18. 单选题Although Asian countries are generally more _ in social customs than Western countries, there have been several notable examples of women leaders in both China and India.问题1选项A.conservativeB.confidentialC.comprehensiveD.consistent【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项conservative“守旧的、传统的、拘谨的”；B项conf

19、idential“机密的、秘密的”；C项comprehensive“广泛的”；D项consistent“一致的、调和的”；句意：与西方国家相比，尽管亚洲国家在社会习俗上普遍较为保守，但在印度和中国却出现过几位著名的妇女领导人。因此该题A项正确。19. 单选题Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in World War and later laid the roots for the CIA was fa

20、scinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionagespying as a “profession”. These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovans vocation as well.The latest revoluti

21、on isnt simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemens e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks (间谍) call it “open-source intelligence”, a

22、nd as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Am

23、ong the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott Internationa

24、l. Many of its predictions are available online at www. S.Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymasters dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far co

25、rners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, well suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine,” says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And well hear back from some of them.” Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can

26、 be difficult to tell good information from bad. Thats where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean Staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firms outsider status as the key to its success. Straitfords briefs dont sound like

27、 the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.1. The emergence of the Net has _.2. Donovans story is mentioned in the text to _.3. The phrase “making the biggest

28、 splash” (line 1, paragraph 3) most probably means _.4. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that _.5. Straitford is most proud of its _.问题1选项A.received support from fans like DonovanB.remolded the intelligence servicesC.restored many common pastimesD.revived spying as a profession问题2选项A.introduce the

29、 topic of online spyingB.show how he fought for the USC.give an episode of the information warD.honor his unique services to the CIA问题3选项A.causing the biggest troubleB.exerting the greatest effortC.achieving the greatest successD.enjoying the widest popularity问题4选项A.Straitfords prediction about Ukra

30、ine has proved trueB.Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its informationC.Straitfords business is characterized by unpredictabilityD.Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information问题5选项A.official statusB.nonconformist imageC.efficient staffD.military background【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:

31、D第5题:B【解析】1.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“网络的出现已经”。第一段最后一句These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovans vocation as well.（如今，网络已经改变了购书和寄信等日常娱乐活动，也正在重塑Donovan的情报员职业）可知，网络的出现是改造了情报部门的工作。A项“得到了Donovan等粉丝的支持”，文中第一句Wild bill Donovan would

32、 have loved the Internet.（Donovan会爱上互联网的），这里用的虚拟语气，且从后面的内容也可以得知，在Donovan做情报员期间互联网还没有出现，所以A项错误；C项“恢复/还原许多普遍的消遣活动”，文中说的是互联网改变了人们日常生活的方式，如买书、发邮件等，这里是改变而不是恢复，因此C项错误；D项“复兴了间谍这个职业”，原文没有提到间谍行业消失的信息，所以复兴一词不正确。该题B项“重塑了情报行业”正确。2.【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“文中提到Donovan的故事是用来”。A项“介绍网络间谍的主题”，B项“展示他是如何为美国而战”，C项“信息战争的一段插曲”，

33、D项“向他对中情局的贡献致敬”。文章开篇引用Donovan的例子来证明互联网的发展重塑了间谍行业，从而来引出接下来对间谍行业的论述，因此该题A项正确。3.【试题解析】语义推测题。题干意思是“第三段第一行making the biggest splash这个短语的意思最有可能是”。A项“制造最大的麻烦”，B项“尽最大的努力”，C项“取得最大的成功”，D项“有最广泛的名气”。第三段讲的内容是作为一家私人情报分析公司，Straitford通过将间谍活动的成果（覆盖从智利到俄罗斯的国家）卖给其他公司来赚钱；它的许多预测都可以在网站上看到；由此可以推断Straitford公司是这个间谍行业的佼佼者，因此

34、A项和B项都不符合题意；另外，文中对Straitford公司的名气并没有特别提到，所以该题C项最符合题意。4.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“从第四段可以知道”。第四段主要讲的是Friedman将互联网作为一个双向的工具，既用来收集信息，又用来发布信息；A项“关于乌克兰的语言被证实是真的”，文中只说了Straitford公司做出了关于乌克兰局势的预测，原文并没有说明预言是否成真，所以A项错误；B项“Straitford公司保证信息的真实性”，第四段倒数第二句提到Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can b

35、e difficult to tell good information from bad（当然公开来源的间谍活动的确有它的风险，因为很难区分正确与错误的信息），最后一句提到这正是Straitford公司赚钱的原因，所以由此可以推断出Straitford公司就是靠辨别真伪情报赚钱的，它能提供相当可靠的信息，但是没有保证情报百分百的准确，B项太绝对；C项“Straitford公司商业的特点是不可预测性”在文中找不到依据；因此该题D项“Straitford公司能提供相当可靠的信息”最符合题意。5.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“Straitford公司对自己的什么最自豪？”。A项“官员地位”，

36、B项“不墨守成规的形象”，C项“有效率的员工”，D项“军事背景”。文章最后一句提到Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.（弗莱德曼说，Straitford公司为其独立的声音而感到自豪）可知，Straitford公司引以为豪的是其独立的立场，A项没有依据，C项和D项都不是Straitford公司引以为豪之处。因此B项最符合题意。20. 单选题My advice is that youll have to overcome your_ if you want to become a nurse.问题1选项A.humanitarianismB.loftinessC.squeamishnessD.compassion【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“humanitarianism”，意为“人道主义”；B选项“loftiness”，意为“高尚，骄傲”；C选项“squeamishness”意为“易恶心的，神经质”；D选项“compassion”，意为“同情，怜悯”。句意：如果你想成为一名护士，我的建议是你必须克服你的易恶心，因此，C选项符合句意。