2022年考博英语-苏州大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷68

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1、2022年考博英语-苏州大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题As a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an even earlier age. This isnt the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europes new economic landscape, embraced by sociol

2、ogists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism” over the last century. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to on

3、e of mobility and the mass entry of women into tile workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on(扰乱) Europeans private lives.Europes new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europes shift from social democracy to, t

4、he sharper, more individualistic climate of American style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, todays tech-savvy(精通技术的) workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperament

5、ally independent enough to want to do so.Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage-twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop o

6、f singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative-dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful, strong! Now, young

7、people want to live alone.The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesnt leave much room for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-yearold composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasnt got time to get lonely because he has too much work “I have deadlines whi

8、ch .would make life with someone else fairly difficult.” Only all Ideal Woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman and Prince Channing,” thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expect more and more of mates, so relati

9、onships dont last long-if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Eerliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says shed never have wanted to do what her mother did-give up a career to raise

10、a family. Instead, “Ive always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life.”1.More and more young Europeans remain single because （ ）.2.What is said about European society in the passage?3.According to Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles are （ ）.4.The author quotes Eppendorf to show t

11、hat （ ）.5.What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?问题1选项A.they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualismB.they have entered the workforce at a much earlier ageC.they have embraced a business culture of stabilityD.they are pessimistic about their economic future问题2选项A.It has fost

12、ered the trend towards small families.B.It is getting closer to Americanstyle capitalism.C.It has limited consumer choice market.D.It is being threatened by irresistible privatization.问题3选项A.warm and lightheartedB.on either side of marriageC.negative and gloomyD.healthy and wealthy问题4选项A.some modem

13、women prefer a life of individual freedomB.the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day EuropeC.some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonelyD.most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable问题5选项A.To review the impact of women becoming high earners

14、.B.To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism.C.To examine the trend of young people living alone.D.To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is pa

15、rt of the “irresistible momentum of individualism” over the last century.”，可知一位法国社会学家认为，从家庭生活到独居生活的转变，是上个世纪 “个人主义”不可阻挡的势头的一部分。可判断出越来越多的年轻欧洲人保持单身，原因是被强烈的个人主义所驱使。选项A符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europes shift from social democracy to, the sharper, more

16、 individualistic climate of American style capitalism.”，可知当前这一代独居者是在欧洲从社会民主主义向美国式资本主义那种更尖锐、更个人主义的气候转变的过程的产物。可判断出欧洲社会越来越接近美国式的资本主义。选项B符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“They were young, beautiful, strong!”，可知新的独居者年轻、好看并且健康。根据第三段第二句，“the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly

17、 view living alone as a lifestyle choice.”，可知他们收入还很高。选项D符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“ Ive always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life. ”，可知Eppendorf一直在做自己想做的事，过自主的生活。这也是作者的想法，可判断出作者想表明一些现代女性更喜欢个人自由的生活。选项A符合题意。5.主旨题。本文主要讲述了在欧洲出现了一种新的单身趋势。欧洲的新经济渐渐培养了人们的独立意识。一些专业人士或丧偶老人占单身很大的比例，一些年轻人将单身作为一种生

18、活方式的选择。根据全文内容可知文章的目的旨在调查年轻人独居的趋势。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题A healthy and better-educated new generation is a （ ）for sustainable economic and social development of all countries.问题1选项A.guaranteeB.securityC.demandD.prospective【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。Guarantee “保证”；security “安全”；demand “需要”；prospective “预期，展望”。句意：健康、受良好教育

19、的新一代是各国经济社会可持续发展的保障。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave （ ）something occurred which attracted my attention.问题1选项A.unlessB.untilC.whenD.while【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。be about to dowhen表示正准备做某事，某事就发生了。句意：我感到有点失望，正要离开时，发生了一件事引起了我的注意。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题（ ）my wifes consistent encouragement

20、I wouldnt have accomplished my graduate study.问题1选项A.But forB.But withC.Except forD.Except that【答案】A【解析】连词词义辨析。But for “要不是”；except for “除了，排除在外”，后接名词，动名词。Except that “排除在外”，后接句子。没有but with的结构，可排除。句意：要不是我妻子的一直以来的鼓励，我肯定不会完成研究生学习。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题The hotel could not （ ） a party of thirty because almost a

21、ll its rooms were booked.问题1选项A.contemplateB.compensateC.accommodateD.articulate【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。contemplate “沉思，注视”；compensate “补偿”；accommodate “容纳，使适应”；articulate “清晰表达，使相互连贯”。句意：这家旅馆不能容纳30人，因为几乎所有的房间都订满了。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题Some felt that they were hurrying into an epoch of unprecedented enlightenment,

22、in which better education and beneficial technology would （ ） wealth and leisure for all.问题1选项A.maintainB.ensureC.certifyD.console【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。maintain “维持，继续”；ensure “保证，确保”；certify “证明，保证”；console “安慰，慰藉”。句意：一些人认为他们正在匆忙进入一个前所未有的启蒙时代，在这个时代，更好的教育和科技将确保所有人的财富和闲暇。选项B符合题意。7. 单选题Now those “effortless

23、” good looks seem a little more risky. Allegedly, the silicone implants can leak and interfere with the bodys immune system. There have been over 2,000 complaints, particularly about implants which predate 1985-although cosmetic surgeons blame zealous lawyers for manufacturing concerns. The Food and

24、 Drug Administration announced an inquiry last year, but initially said it would not ask for the operations to stop it, reportedly because of evidence coming out in court cases. In December, for example, a woman who suffered from a ruptured implant was awarded $7.34m from the biggest maker of implan

25、ts, Dow Coming.The announcement has caused more panic among American women than any medical decision since a contraceptive device, the Daikon Sheild, was removed from the market in 1974, some 2 million women have had implants, 80% of them for cosmetic reasons: the rest had “re-constructive” medical

26、surgery following cancer treatment. The waiting list for implants by one Californian doctor used to be six months; it is now less than one month, Shares in implant makers have slumped.Such second thoughts are overdue. For all its glittering advocates, cosmetic surgery is the only type of medicine wh

27、ere a perfectly healthy patient is cut up. (This, of course, omits re-constructive operations to repair bums or replace missing breasts.) Eight out of ten cosmetic operations are performed outside proper hospitalsome in operation rooms that look more like offices. Warnings of side-effect rarely appe

28、ar in advertisements; nor do the records of the eager surgeons. Since it is “elective” surgery, not covered by insurance, few of the normal rules apply.Inside the industry, rumors of malpractice are rife. One senior plastic surgeon says that he has a list of peers who “he wouldnt let touch my dogs b

29、ody.”1.According to the paragraph, cosmetic surgeons think that （ ）.2.It is reported that the Food and Drug Administration inquired into the effects of silicone implant, because （ ）.3.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the second paragraph?4.The difference between the cosmeti

30、c surgery and other surgery is that （ ）.5.The last sentence of the passage, “peers” refers to （ ）.问题1选项A.the silicone implant complaints were started particularly before 1985B.the silicone implant are dangerousC.the silicone implant are linked with bodys immune systemD.the silicone implant complaint

31、s are due to those profit-happy lawyers问题2选项A.there was a case in December about a woman who suffered from the implantB.there had been a lot of cases in court about silicone implantC.Dow Coming has produced some poor-quality silicone implantD.it did not want to ask for the operations to stop it问题3选项

32、A.American women had once been in panic because of the removal of a contraceptive device from the market.B.Daikon Sheild is a brand name.C.About 1.6 million women have had implants because they wanted to be more beautifulD.A Californian doctor began to earn less money.问题4选项A.the former is to operate

33、 on the healthy body, while the latter is to operate on the sick bodyB.the former is to do harm to a person, while the latter is to cure a personC.the former is with glittering advocates, while the latter is to repair bumsD.the former is to be performed outside proper hospitals, while the latter is

34、to be performed inside proper hospitals问题5选项A.industry ownersB.plastic surgeonsC.humoristsD.officers【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“There have been over 2,000 complaints, particularly about implants which predate 1985-although cosmetic surgeons blame zealous lawyers for manufacturi

35、ng concerns.”，可知已经有超过2000起投诉，特别是关于1985年以前植入物的投诉尽管整形外科医生将制造问题归咎于律师们。可判断出整容外科医生认为硅胶植入物的投诉是由于那些喜欢赚钱的律师。选项D符合题意。2.细节判断题。根据文章第一段，“because of evidence coming out in court cases. In December, for example, a woman who suffered from a ruptured implant.”，可知美国食品药品监督管理局对硅胶植入物进行调查的原因是法庭上出现了很多这样的案例，下文提出一个妇女获赔的案例只

36、是其中一个。可判断出美国食品药品监督管理局对硅胶植入物的效果进行了调查的原因在于法庭上有很多关于硅胶植入的案例。选项B符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“The announcement has caused more panic among American women than any medical decision since a contraceptive device, the Daikon Sheild, was removed from the market in 1974”，可知自从1974年一种名为Daikon Sheild的避孕设备被撤市以来，这一消息在美国女性中

37、引起的恐慌超过了任何医疗因素。可判断出美国女性曾经因为避孕设备从市场上撤下而恐慌，这一表达复符合文意，选项A可排除。也可判断出Daikon Sheild是一个品牌名称，选项B可排除。根据文章第二段，“some 2 million women have had implants, 80% of them for cosmetic reasons”，可知大约有200万女性做手术，因为她们想变得更美丽，选项C可排除。根据排除法，选项D符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“cosmetic surgery is the only type of medicine where a perfectl

38、y healthy patient is cut up.”，可知整容手术是唯一一种把完全健康的病人割伤的医术，这也是整容术和其他手术的区别。选项A符合题意。5.词义理解题。根据文章最后一句，“One senior plastic surgeon says that he has a list of peers”，可知一位资深整形外科医生说，他有一份同伴名单，可知资深整形外科医生的同伴指整形外科医生，peer意思为同伴，同等的人。选项B符合题意。8. 翻译题今诸生学于太学(the Imperial College)，县官(the royal court)日有廪稍之供，父母岁有裘葛之遗，无冻馁之患

39、矣；坐大厦之下而诵诗书，无奔走之劳矣；有司业(Directors of Studies)、博士之师，未有问而不告，求而不得者也；凡所宜有之书集于此，不必若余之手录，假诸人而后见也。其业有不精，德有不成者，非天质之卑，则心不若余之专耳，岂他人之过哉？(5分)人们为梦想而斗争，正如为财产而斗争一样。于是梦想即由幻想的世界走进了现实 的世界，而成为了我们生命中的一个真实力量。梦想无论怎样模糊，总潜伏在我们心底， 使我们的心境永远得不到宁静，直到这些梦想成为事实为止；像种子在底下一样，一定要萌芽滋长，伸出地面来，寻找阳光。(4分)目前是研究在交叉文化与多种文化方面人类的相似性的最好时机了。差异谈得够多

40、了。强调我们的差异使我们人类彼此疏远，使我们长久地相互猜疑；在极端的情况下加深我们的分歧使我们彼此否定，失去人性结果是导致相互残杀。(3分)刑事侦破(forensic)科学家的工作，与其说是迅速和富于洞察力，不如说是更为缓慢， 更具有分析性的。但这种方法所展示出的高质量与谨慎可由如下事实得以反映出来：只有少数案件真正会成为审判室的主要案件。鉴于在预审中被告所听到的刑侦证据之确凿，他们常常折服于证明他们有罪的有分量的科学信息，并且在审判还未开始之前就低头认罪。（3分）【答案】Nowadays many students pursue an education in the Imperial Co

41、llege, they wouldnt need to worry about starvation and coldness as the royal court would offer them everyday food for free and parents your seasonal clothes. Without going outside, they just sit in the comfortable room and read the classic poems and historical books. With Directors of Studies and Mr

42、. Knowledge being their teachers, all of their questions and inquiries will be solved. The College has such a sufficient collection of books that they neednt make handwritten copies after borrowing books from others like I did before. If they make no achievement in their study and fail to be a perso

43、n of high virtue, it doesnt result from their learning ability but their less devotion. It is their own fault.People fight for dreams just the same as for wealth. Dreams come into the reality world from a fantasy one, and become a kind of real force in our lives. No matter how puzzling they may seem

44、, dreams hide in our inner hearts so that we could ever find no peace in our minds until they become reality. Like seeds deep underground, dreams sprout and grow to find the sun.It is the best time now to study on human similarities in cross-culture and multi-culture aspects. No more differences. Em

45、phasizing the differences keeps us away from each other and suspects each other for a long time. Deepening our divergences would result in, to some extremes, our doubts to everybody, and make our human nature lost, we might end up with cruel killing among us.Rather than being quick and of great insi

46、ght, the forensic scientists work remains slow and analytic. The high quality and carefulness of this method, however, could be shown on the following facts. Only a few cases would actually come to trial. The defendants are often convinced by the forensic evidence presented in the pre-trials, which

47、are scientific and important enough to establish their guilt, and commit to crimes before trials. admit their crimes before trials.9. 单选题The oil price is also a big risk, mainly because the Bush （ ） appears determined to attack Iraq.问题1选项A.governmentB.administrationC.cabinetD.registration【答案】B【解析】名词

48、词义辨析。government “政府”；administration “管理，行政”；cabinet “内阁”；registration “登记，注册”。句意：油价也是一个很大的风险，主要是因为布什政府似乎决意要攻打伊拉克。选项B符合题意。10. 单选题By 1863 the Northern war economy was （ ） in high gear.问题1选项A.rumbling alongB.passing awayC.roamingD.blooming【答案】A【解析】词组辨析。rumbling along “隆隆前进”，pass away “去世，度过时间”；roam “漫步

49、，漫游”；bloom “开发，茂盛”。句意：到1863年，北方战时经济高速发展。选项A符合题意。11. 单选题Can electricity cause cancer? In a society that literally runs on electric power, the very idea seems preposterous. But for more than a decade, a growing band of scientists and journalists has pointed to studies that seem to link exposure to ele

50、ctromagnetic fields with increased risk of leukemia and other malignancies. The implications are unsettling, to say the least, since everyone comes into contact with such fields, which are generated by everything electrical, from power lines and antennas to personal computers and micro-wave ovens. B

51、ecause evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has been hard to decide whether concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimateor the worst kind of paranoia.Now the alarmists have gained some qualified support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In

52、 the executive summary of a new scientific review, released in draft form late last week, the EPA has put forward what amounts to the most serious government warning to date. The agency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence “suggests a casual link” between extremely low-frequency electromag

53、netic fieldsthose having very long wave-lengthsand leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer. While the report falls short of classifying ELE fields as probable carcinogens, it does identify the common 60-hertz magnetic field as “a possible, but not proven, cause of cancer in humans.”The report is no reas

54、on to panic or even to lose sleep. If there is a cancer risk, it is a small one. The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the Bush Administration, and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and the White House. But now no one c

55、an deny that the issue must be taken seriously and that much more research is needed.At the heart of the debate is a simple and well-understood physical phenomenon. When an electric current passes through a wire, it generates an electromagnetic field that exerts forces on surrounding objects, For ma

56、ny years, scientists dismissed any suggestion that such forces might be harmful, primarily because they are so extraordinarily weak. The ELF magnetic field generated by a video terminal measures only a few milligauss, or about one-hundredth the strength of the earths own magnetic field. The electric

57、 fields surrounding a power line can be as high as 10 kilovolts per meter, but the corresponding field induced in human cells will be only about 1 millivolt per meter. This is far less than the electric fields that the cells themselves generate.How could such minuscule forces pose a health danger? T

58、he consensus used to be that they could not, and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation, like X-rays, that pack sufficient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecules that make up the human body. Such ionizing radiations have been clearly linked to increased cance

59、r risks and there are regulations to control emissions.But epidemiological studies, which find statistical associations between sets of data, do not prove cause and effect. Though there is a body of laboratory work showing that exposure to ELF fields can have biological effects on animal tissues, a

60、mechanism by which those effects could lead to cancerous growths has never been found.The Pentagon is for from persuaded. In a blistering 33-page critique of the EPA report, Air Force scientists charge its authors with having biased the entire document toward proving a link, “Our reviewers are convi

61、nced that there is no suggestion that (electromagnetic fields) present in the environment induce or promote cancer,” the Air Force concludes. “It is astonishing that the EPA would lend its imprimatur on this report.” Then Pentagons concern is understandable. There is hardly a unit of the modern mili

62、tary that does not depend on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment, from huge ground-based radar towers to the defense systems built into every warship and plane.1. The main idea of this passage is （ ）.2. The view-point of the EPA is （ ）.3. Why did the Pentagon and White House object to

63、 the release of the report?Because（ ）4. It can be inferred from physical phenomenon （ ）.5. What do you think ordinary citizens may do after reading the different arguments?问题1选项A.studies on the cause of cancerB.controversial view-points in the cause of cancerC.the relationship between electricity and cancerD.different ideas about the effect of electricity on cancer问题2选项A.there is casual link between electricity and cancerB.electricity really affects cancerC.controversialD.low frequency electromagnetic field is a possible cause of cancer问题3选项A.it may stir a great deal of deba