2022年考博英语-合肥工业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷87（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-合肥工业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题This is but a _ of the total amount of information which the teenagers have stored.问题1选项A.frictionB.fractionC.factionD.fracture【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A项friction“摩擦”，B项fraction“分数，部分，小部分”，C项faction“派别，内讧，小集团”，D项fracture“破裂，断裂”。由the total amount of information“信息的总量”

2、可知，“一部分”符合语境。句意：这只是青少年储存的全部信息的一小部分。因此，该题选择B项正确。2. 单选题Two news photographers were attacked by the mob, and their cameras were smashed. It is disgraceful that they were so _.问题1选项A.obsessedB.deviatedC.despisedD.maltreated【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A项obsess“使痴迷，使迷恋，使心神不宁”，B项deviate“脱离，越轨”，C项despise“轻视，鄙视”，D项maltr

3、eat“虐待，滥用，粗暴对待”。根据第一句的句意“两名新闻摄影记者遭到暴徒袭击，他们的相机被砸碎了”可知，maltreated符合语境。句意：两名新闻摄影记者遭到暴徒袭击，他们的相机被砸碎了；他们受到如此虐待是可耻的。因此，该题选择D项正确。3. 单选题Experiments using animals have played a crucial role in the development of modem medical treatments, and they will continue to be necessary as researchers seek to _ existing

4、 ailments and respond to the emergence of new disease.问题1选项A.alleviateB.replicateC.dwindleD.exploit【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项alleviate“减轻，缓和”，B项replicate“复制，折叠”，C项dwindle“减少，变小”，D项exploit“开发，开拓，剥削”。空格处填入动词，其宾语是existing ailments“现有的疾病”，结合后面的句子respond to the emergence of new disease“应对新疾病的出现”可知，alleviate符合语境。

5、句意：动物实验在现代医学治疗的发展中发挥了至关重要的作用，在研究人员寻求减轻现有疾病和应对新疾病出现时，这些实验将继续是必要的。因此，该题选择A项正确。4. 单选题Miss Tennant was _ into revealing the names of the people who got involved in organizing and carrying out the murders.问题1选项A.infuriatedB.pokedC.dragoonedD.aggrandized【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A项infuriate“激怒，使大怒”，B项poke“刺，捅，戳”，C项

6、dragoon“迫使，强迫，以武力镇压”，D项aggrandize“增加，夸大，强化”。根据句子意思“坦南特小姐透露了参与组织和实施这些谋杀的人的名字”可知，四个选项中只有dragoon符合语境，dragoon sb. into sth.表示“迫使某人做某事”。句意：坦南特小姐被迫透露了参与组织和实施这些谋杀的人的名字。因此，该题选择C项正确。5. 单选题SOMETHING ABOUT NAPLES just seems made for comedy. The name alone conjures up pizza, and lovable, incorrigible innocents

7、warbling “O Sole Mio”; a nutty little corner of the world where the id runs wild and the only answer to the question “Why?” appears to be “Why not?”Naples: the butter-side-down of Italian cities, where even the truth has a strangely fictitious tinge. One day a car rear-ended one of the citys minibus

8、es. The bus driver got out to investigate. While he stood there talking, his only passenger took the wheel and drove off. Neither passenger nor bus was ever seen again.Then there was that busy lunch hour in the central post office when a crack in the ceiling opened and postal workers were overwhelme

9、d by an avalanche of stale croissants. As the cleaners hauled away garbage bags of moldy breakfast rolls, the questions remained: Who? Why? And what else could still be up there?But Naples actually isnt so funny. Italys third largest city, with 1.1 million people, has a much darker side, where chaos

10、 reigns: bag snatching and mugging, clogged streets of stupefying confusion, where traffic moves to mysterious laws of its own through multiple intersections whose traffic lights havent functioned for months, maybe yearsif they have lights at all. Packs of wild dogs roam the citys main park. Ninetee

11、n policemen on the anti-narcotics squad are arrested for accepting payoffs from the Camorra, the local Mafia.To many Italians, particularly those in the wealthy, industrialized north, none of this is surprising. To them Naples means political corruption, wasted federal subsidies, rampant organized c

12、rime, appallingly large families, and cunning, lazy people who prefer to do something shady rather than honest work.Neapolitans know their reputation. “People think nothing ever gets done here,” said a young professional woman. Sometimes they say, “Surely you come from Milan. You come from Naples?”G

13、iovanni del Forno, an insurance executive, told me about his flight home from a northern Italian city, the plane waited on the tarmac for half an hour for a gate to become available. “And I began to hear the comments around me: “Well, here we are in Naples,” he said with a wince. “These comments mak

14、e me suffer.”Neapolitans may complain, but most cant conceive of living anywhere else. The city has the intimacy, tension, and craziness of a large but intensely devoted family. The people have the same perverse pride as New Yorkers. They love even the things that dont work, and they love being Neap

15、olitans. They know outsiders dont get it, and they dont care. “Even if you go away”, one woman said, “you remain a prisoner of this city. My city has many problems, but away from it I feel bad.”This is a city in which living on the brink of collapse is normal. Naples has survived wars, revolutions,

16、floods, earthquakes, and eruptions of nearby Vesuvius. First a wealthy colony founded by the Greeks (who called it Neapolis, or “new city”), then a flourishing Roman resort, it lived through various incarnations under dynasties of Normans, Swabians, Austrians, Spanish, and French, not to mention a g

17、lorious period as the resplendent capital of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.It was a brilliant, cultivated city that once ranked with London and Paris. The Nunziatella, the oldest military school in Italy, still basks in its two centuries of historic glory; the Teatro San Carlo remains one of the g

18、reatest opera houses in the world. The treasures of Pompeii grace the National Museum. Stretched luxuriantly between mountains and sea along the curving coast of the Bay of Naples, full of ornate palaces, gardens, churches, and works of art, with its mild climate and rich folklore, Naples in the las

19、t century was beloved by artists and writers. The most famous response to this magnificence was the comment by an unknown admirer, “See Naples and die.”Today that remark carries less poetic connotations. The bombardments of World War II were followed by the depredations of profiteers and politicians

20、-for-rent who reduced the city to a demoralized shadow of itself, surviving on government handouts. Until five years ago city governments were cobbled together by warring political factions; some mayors lasted only a few months. A cholera outbreak in 1973 was followed in 1980 by a major earthquake.

21、Its famous port has withered (though the U.S. Sixth Fleet command is still based just up the coast), industries have failed, tourists have fled, natives have moved outit seems that only drug trafficking is booming. “Unlivable,” the Neapolitans say, “Incomprehensible”, “Martyred”.1. The two examples

22、in the second and third paragraphs intend to show that _.2. It can be concluded from the passage that the Northerners _.3. The author implies that Neapolitans affection for the city _.4. When the author says “Today that remark carries less poetic connotations,” he actually means that _.问题1选项A.Naples

23、 has a high incidence of traffic accidentsB.anything extraordinary can happen in NaplesC.people there love to store food for yearsD.everything appears to be on the wrong side问题2选项A.are critical of what Naples representsB.sympathize with NeapolitansC.share many things with NeapolitansD.make every eff

24、ort to shun Neapolitans问题3选项A.was unrealisticB.went a bit too farC.was extraordinaryD.gave rise to concern问题4选项A.the city can now boast very few poetsB.artists and writers have left for London and ParisC.the city underwent heavy bombing during the WarD.The citys present problems obscured its gloriou

25、s past【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“第二段和第三段中的两个例子旨在说明”。第二段首句提到Naples: the butter-side-down of Italian cities, where even the truth has a strangely fictitious tinge.（那不勒斯：意大利糟糕的城市，在那里甚至连真相都有一种奇怪的虚构色彩），接着第二段和第三段举出了两个例子：一个是One day a car rear-ended one of the citys minibuses. Th

26、e bus driver got out to investigate. While he stood there talking, his only passenger took the wheel and drove off.（一辆小汽车与一辆城市小型公共汽车追尾。公共汽车司机下车去调查。当他站在那里说话时，他唯一的乘客拿起方向盘开走了）；另外一个是Then there was that busy lunch hour in the central post office when a crack in the ceiling opened and postal workers were

27、overwhelmed by an avalanche of stale croissants. As the cleaners hauled away garbage bags of moldy breakfast rolls, the questions remained: Who? Why? And what else could still be up there?（在中央邮局忙碌的午餐时间，天花板上的一条裂缝裂开了，邮政工人被一大堆过期的羊角面包压得喘不过气来。当清洁工把装着发霉的早餐面包卷的垃圾袋拖走时，问题来了：是谁？为什么？那上面还可能有什么？），从这两个例子可以推知，那不勒斯

28、这个城市的糟糕的状况，故D项“一切似乎都是错位的”符合题意；A项“那不勒斯的交通事故发生率很高”和C项“那里的人们喜欢把食物储存多年”只是例子；B项“在那不勒斯，任何不寻常的事情都可能发生”表示不够准确，这些事情并不是不寻常的，而是糟糕的。因此，该题选择D项正确。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“从文章中可以得出结论，北方人”。根据文章的第五段To many Italians, particularly those in the wealthy, industrialized north, none of this is surprising. To them Naples

29、 means political corruption, wasted federal subsidies, rampant organized crime, appallingly large families, and cunning, lazy people who prefer to do something shady rather than honest work.（对许多意大利人来说，尤其是那些生活在富裕、工业化的北方的意大利人来说，这一切都不足为奇。对他们来说，那不勒斯意味着政治上的腐败，浪费的联邦补贴，猖獗的有组织犯罪，可怕的大家庭，以及狡诈、懒惰的人们，他们宁愿做一些阴暗的

30、事情也不愿做诚实的工作。）可知，北方的意大利人对那不勒斯是批判的态度，A项“对那不勒斯所代表的东西持批评态度”正确；由此也可知B项“同情那不勒斯人”和C项“和那不勒斯人有很多共同点”不正确；D项“尽量避开那不勒斯人”，文章在此处主要是表达意大利的北方人对那不勒斯的批判，并不能推断出他们想尽量避开那不勒斯人。因此，该题选择A项正确。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者暗示那不勒斯人对城市的感情”。根据文章的第八段Neapolitans may complain, but most cant conceive of living anywhere else. The city

31、 has the intimacy, tension, and craziness of a large but intensely devoted family. The people have the same perverse pride as New Yorkers. They love even the things that dont work, and they love being Neapolitans. They know outsiders dont get it, and they dont care. “Even if you go away”, one woman

32、said, “you remain a prisoner of this city. My city has many problems, but away from it I feel bad.”（ 那不勒斯人可能会抱怨，但大多数人无法想象住在其他地方。这个城市有一个大家庭的亲密、紧张和疯狂，但却有着强烈的奉献精神。这里的人和纽约人一样，有一种偏执的自豪感。他们爱那些即使坏了的食物，他们喜欢做那不勒斯人。他们知道外人不懂，他们不在乎。一个女人说：“即使你走了，你仍然是这座城市的囚犯。我的城市有很多问题，但离开它我感觉很糟糕。”）可以推断出，在此处作者暗示那不勒斯人对他们城市的感情是特别的，是

33、非凡的，C项“是非凡的”正确；由此也可知，A项“是不现实的”和D项“引起关注”不正确；B项“有点太过了”是干扰项，根据该段那不勒斯人对自己城市的描述可以知道这种情感并不显得很夸张。因此，该题选择C项正确。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“当作者说如今，那些评价就没有那么有诗意了时，他实际上的意思是”。文章倒数第二段讲述了那不勒斯这个城市过去的辉煌和教养，接着最后一段第一句作者就说Today that remark carries less poetic connotations.（如今，那些评价就没有那么有诗意了），接着就讲到了那不勒斯屡屡遭受灾难和不堪的现状，由此可以推知

34、，作者说这一句话的意思是那不勒斯如今的问题已经使得过去的辉煌暗淡模糊，D项“这个城市目前的问题使它辉煌的过去痕迹模糊”正确；A项“这个城市现在可以夸耀的诗人很少了”，最后两段没有提到诗人；B项“艺术家和作家都去了伦敦和巴黎”没有提到；C项“这座城市在战争期间遭受了猛烈的轰炸”这只是那不勒斯如今的问题使得过去的辉煌痕迹模糊的原因之一。因此，该题选择D项正确。6. 单选题He left the house _ unaware that he was still wearing his pajamas.问题1选项A.assiduouslyB.blithelyC.perfunctorilyD.dome

35、stically【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。A项assiduously“刻苦地，勤勉地”，B项blithely“快活地，无忧无虑地”，C项perfunctorily“敷衍地，潦草地，表面地”，D项domestically“国内地，家庭式地，适合国内地”。由句子意思“他离开了家_没有意识到他还穿着睡衣”可知，空格处应该填入副词修饰unaware，四个选项中只有C项符合语境。句意：他若无其事地离开了家，没有意识到他还穿着睡衣。因此，该题选择C项正确。7. 单选题A defeated candidate for the House of Representatives must wait two

36、 years before running again, because elections are _.问题1选项A.semiannualB.biennialC.biannualD.bilateral【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项semiannual“每半年的，半年一次的”，B项biennial“两年一次的”，C项biannual“一年两度的”，D项bilateral“双边的，有两边的”。根据wait two years before running again“等待两年再次参选”可知，“两年一次的”符合语境。句意：被击败的众议院候选人必须等待两年才能再次参选，因为选举是两年一次的。

37、因此，该题选择B项正确。8. 翻译题Even without these protections, individuals can act to protect their own privacy. In some cases, market forces can create incentives for companies to protect privacy if consumers consistently call for such protection. Consumers should study a companys privacy policy in its promotio

38、nal literature. If such a policy is weak or nonexistent, it is reasonable to assume that the company uses any personal information it captures in every way it legally can.Consumers can also protect their privacy when faced with what they consider excessive requests for information by asking why the

39、information is pertinent or by refusing to answer the questions. Finally, individuals can take initiative by informing other citizens about specific privacy problems. Many threats to privacy remain unpublicized simply because there are too many of them for existing privacy advocates to track. Even s

40、imple research on an unpublicized privacy problem can have an impact when submitted to a relevant Internet forum, watchdog group, or media outlet.【答案】即使没有这些保护措施，个人也可以采取行动保护自己的隐私。有时候，如果消费者一直呼吁隐私保护的话，市场力量可以为公司进行隐私保护而创造动机。消费者应该在公司的宣传推广资料中研究隐私权政策。如果这种政策不中用或者不存在的话，那么公司使用任何从合法渠道获取的个人信息会被认为是合理的。当面对他们所认为的过分

41、的信息要求时，消费者也可以通过询问信息为什么是相关的或者拒绝回答问题，以进行隐私保护。最后，个人可以通过告知其他公民关于具体的隐私问题来采取主动权。许多对隐私的威胁没有公开仅仅是因为对于目前的隐私提倡者来说，其中有太多隐私威胁需要追踪了。当提交给相关网络论坛、监察组织或者媒体时，甚至有关未公开的隐私问题的简单研究都能产生影响。9. 单选题Very young children with no reading experience may astound their parents with the first words they read, such as a department stor

42、e sign announcing Big Sale.问题1选项A.amazeB.pleaseC.conveyD.bother【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。astound表示“使惊骇，使震惊”；A项amaze“使吃惊”，B项please“使喜欢，使高兴，使满意”，C项convey“传达，运输，让与”，D项bother“烦扰，打扰，使不安”。句意：没有阅读经验的幼儿第一次读到的单词可能会让他们的父母感到震惊，比如百货商店的招牌上写着“大减价”。因此，根据句意可知A选项正确。10. 单选题Many products, including prescription drugs, are regul

43、ated by the federal government. However, the states have laws that allow injured consumers to sue a manufacturer.问题1选项A.complainB.chargeC.executeD.punish【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项complain“抱怨；投诉”；B选项charge“使充电；指责；起诉”；C选项execute“执行；处死”；D选项punish“惩罚；严厉对待”。句意：许多产品，包括处方药，都由联邦政府监管。然而，各州有法律允许受害消费者制造商。主语是laws“法律”可

44、知采取的动作与受害消费者的维权有关，由此可以排除A，D选项。任何普通民众都没有给人执行死刑的权利，由此可排除C选项。因此B选项符合题意。11. 单选题At planning meetings with the senior management I often had to endure predictable little jokes about me, but I took them _.问题1选项A.with a violent laughB.on my conscienceC.with a good graceD.in the best humor【答案】D【解析】考查短语辨析。A项w

45、ith a violent laugh“狂笑”，B项on my conscience“在意”，C项with a good grace“情愿地，欣然地”，D项in the best humor“以最幽默的方式”。由前面句子的句意“在策划与高级管理人员的会议时，我经常不得不忍受那些不出所料关于我的小笑话”，结合后面的but转折可知，“以最幽默的方式”符合语境。句意：在策划与高级管理人员的会议时，我经常不得不忍受那些可以预见的关于我的小笑话，但我以最幽默的方式接受了它们。因此，该题选择D项正确。12. 单选题Im too ignorant about such matters; I am not q

46、ualified to comment, but it seems to me somebody who has studied at a prestigious university abroad couldnt be as bad as you say.问题1选项A.profoundB.civilizedC.well-knownD.conventional【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项profound“深厚的；意义深远的；渊博的”；B选项civilized“文明的；有礼貌的”；C选项well-known“著名的；众所周知的”；D选项conventional“传统的；惯例的”。句意

47、：我对这类事情太无知了，所以我没有资格评论，但在我看来，一个在国外大学学习过的人不可能像你说的那么差。由后面的名词university“大学”，可排除A，B选项，因为它们常用来形容人，而非事物。由后面的信息couldnt be as bad as you say“不能如你说的那样糟糕”，由此可知在他眼里那个人至少应该是优秀的，大多情况下优秀的人会考上声望很高的大学。因此C选项符合题意。13. 单选题During our exploration, we discovered that people will exploit the newness and breadth of the Infor

48、mation Marketplace to support their wishes and _.问题1选项A.breachesB.premisesC.rutsD.predilections【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A项breach“违背，违反，缺口”，B项premise“前提，假定”，C项rut“发情期，惯例，性冲动”，D项predilection“偏爱，嗜好”。根据句子可知空格处填入的词和wishes“愿望”并列，那么四个选项中只有predilection符合语境。句意：在我们的探索过程中，我们发现人们会利用信息市场的新颖性和广度来支持他们的愿望和偏好。因此，该题选择D项正确。14.

49、 单选题_ Steve said: “I will be coming back and if conditions do not worsen so unexpectedly I hope to meet you again.”问题1选项A.CrypticallyB.DeservedlyC.ExceedinglyD.Excessively【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。A项cryptically“隐秘地，意义含糊地”，B项deservedly“理所当然地，应得报酬地”，C项exceedingly“非常，极其，极度地”，D项excessively“过分地，极度”。由双引号内的句意“我会回来的，

50、如果情况不会如此出乎意料地恶化，我希望能再次见到你”可知，四个选项中把A项代入进去最符合句子的语境。句意：史蒂夫含糊其词地说：“我会回来的，如果情况不会如此出乎意料地恶化，我希望能再次见到你。”因此，该题选择A项正确。15. 单选题Some of the patients, especially the dying, wanted to _ in the man and woman who had eased their suffering.问题1选项A.ponderB.confideC.dwellD.reflect【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项ponder“仔细考虑，衡量”，B项con

51、fide“吐露，委托”，confide in表示“向吐露秘密”；C项dwell“居住，存在于，细想某事”，dwell in表示“居住”；D项reflect“反映，反射，照出”，reflect in表示“在中反映出来”。根据句子的意思“有些病人，尤其是垂死的病人，想要减轻了他们的痛苦的人”可知，四个选项中只有B项能够代入。句意：有些病人，尤其是垂死的病人，想向减轻了他们痛苦的男人和女人倾诉。因此，该题选择B项正确。16. 单选题Malaysia and Indonesia rely on open markets for forest and fishery products. _, some

52、Asian countries are highly protectionist.问题1选项A.NaturallyB.ConverselyC.DeliberatelyD.Evidently【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。A项naturally“自然地”，B项conversely“相反地”，C项deliberately“故意地，缓慢而谨慎地”，D项evidently“显然，明显地，清楚地”。由open markets“开放市场”和protectionist“贸易保护主义的”可知，前后语义是相反的，conversely符合语境。句意：马来西亚和印度尼西亚的森林和渔业产品依赖开放市场；相反，一些亚洲

53、国家贸易保护主义色彩浓厚。因此，该题选择B项正确。17. 单选题Although many （modifications）have been made in it, the game known in the United States as football can be traced directly to the English game of rugby.问题1选项A.rulesB.changesC.demandsD.leagues【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。modification表示“修改，修正”；A项rule“规则，建议，统治”，B项change“变化，改变，替代物”，C项d

54、emand“（坚决的或困难的）要求，（顾客的）需求”，D项league“联盟，社团，范畴”。句意：尽管对其进行了许多修改，但在美国被称为足球的比赛可以直接追溯到英国的橄榄球比赛。根据句意可知，B项符合语境。因此，该题选择B项正确。18. 单选题In a society that place so much emphasis to “making it,” we fail to recognize that what looks like failure may, in the long run, prove beneficial.问题1选项A.toB.fail to recognizeC.wh

55、atD.in the long run【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。根据emphasis可知，place emphasis on为固定搭配，表示“重视，强调”。句意：在一个如此强调“成功”的社会里，我们没有意识到，从长远来看，看起来像是失败的东西可能是有益的。因此，该题选择A项。19. 单选题The training of human intelligence must include the simultaneous development of the empathetic capacity.问题1选项A.simulatedB.coincidentC.instantaneousD.sim

56、ilar【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。simultaneous表示“同时的，联立的，同时发生的”；A项simulated“模拟的，模仿的，仿造的”，B项coincident“一致的，符合的，同时发生的”，C项instantaneous“瞬间的，即时的，猝发的”，D项similar“相似的”。句意：人类智力的训练必须包括移情能力的同时发展。根据句意可知，B项的意思符合句子。因此，该题选择B项正确。20. 单选题Hearsay evidence consists of statements made out of court by someone who is not present to testify under oath at a trial.问题1选项A.mistrustB.disputeC.scrutinyD.pledge【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。oath表示“誓言，誓约，诅咒”；A项mistrust“不信任，怀疑”，B项dispute“辩论，争吵，意见不同”，C项scrutiny“详细审查，监视，细看”，D项pledge“保证，誓言，抵押”。句意：非直接证据指的是某人在法庭上宣誓作证时所作的证词。因此，根据句意可知D选项正确。