2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第9期

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1、2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 写作题“Financial gain should be the most important factor in choosing a career.”Discuss the extent to which you agree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from own experience, observations, or reading.【答案】Financial Gain S

2、hould Not Be the Most Important Factor in Choosing a Career2. 单选题We will introduce legislation to simplify trademark registrations and extend the rights they _.问题1选项A.conferB.excludeC.allotD.commend【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项confer“授予（奖项、学位、荣誉或权利）”；B选项exclude“不放在考虑之列；防止进入，阻止参加，把排斥在外”；C选项allot“分配，配给（时间、钱财等）；

3、分派（任务等）”；D选项commend“赞扬；举荐”。句意：我们将出台立法，简化商标注册程序，扩大他们_的权利。横线处和they形成主谓关系来修饰rights“权利”，A选项confer“授予（奖项、学位、荣誉或权利）”对应rights“权利”，符合题意。因此A选项正确。3. 单选题The Chinese polar explorers took every precaution to（ ）the dangers of their trip.问题1选项A.minimizeB.extinguishC.shrinkD.prevent【答案】A【解析】句意：中国极地探险者采取了一切预防措施，把旅行的

4、危险降到了最低。选项A符合句意。4. 单选题He wants to follow in his fathers footsteps to be a teacher because he regards teaching as an honorable （ ）.问题1选项A.callingB.taskC.employmentD.duty【答案】B【解析】句意：他想追随他父亲的脚步成为一名教师, 因为他认为教学是一项光荣的任务。选项A和C表示职务, 教学不是职务, 所以不正确；选项B更符合语境。5. 单选题In the popular Western imagination, India cont

5、inues to be a country in backwardness and poverty with very little to show _ scientific innovation or technological achievement.问题1选项A.for want ofB.in gratitude toC.in contact withD.by way of【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项for want of“因缺乏”；B选项in gratitude to“对感激”；C选项in contact with“接触，联系”；D选项by way of“通过，经由”。句意：

6、在西方人的普遍想象中，印度仍然是一个落后和贫穷的国家，没有什么可展示的，_科技创新或技术成就。西方人认为印度因为在科技上没有什么创新和成就，所以没什么可拿出来看的，横线处和with very little to show属于因果关系，A选项for want of“因缺乏”符合题意。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题Her 30-year study of the Gombe National Park chimpanzees is the largest continuous field project ever recorded. It has made herand the chimpanzee

7、sa living _, earning her honorary degrees, doctorates and wildlife conservation awards all over the world.问题1选项A.legendB.specimenC.maximumD.document【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项legend“传奇”；B选项specimen“样本”；C选项maximum“最大限度”；D选项document“文件”。句意：她花了30年研究贡贝国家公园里的黑猩猩，是有记录以来规模最大的连续野外研究项目。这让她和黑猩猩们成为活生生的_，并获得了世界各地的荣誉学位、

8、博士学位和野生动物保护奖。这个项目是有记录以来规模最大的连续野外研究项目，超出了人们的想象，A选项legend“传奇”符合题意。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题While its unique eating habits make the mountain gorilla a fascinating subject for observations, its small population and its shyness serve to _ many potential studies.问题1选项A.inspireB.fortifyC.releaseD.hinder【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨

9、析。A选项inspire“赋予灵感；鼓舞；激起”；B选项fortify“（在物质或精神上）加强”；C选项release“（情感）发泄；放松”；D选项hinder“阻碍”。句意：虽然山地大猩猩独特的饮食习惯吸引许多人的观察，但它数量少和害羞的特点_许多研究的可能性。横线处和studies构成动宾关系，While表示转折，大猩猩数量少且害羞，即使很多人想研究大猩猩也不能顺利地进行研究，会遇到一些困难，D选项hinder“阻碍”符合题意。因此D选项正确。8. 单选题The moist air of the Pacific Ocean brings a （ ） climate to the west

10、coast of the United States.问题1选项A.chillyB.temperateC.modestD.compromising【答案】B【解析】句意：太平洋潮湿的空气给美国西海岸带来了温和的气候。气候温和用temperate climate, 所以选项B正确。9. 单选题Maya Lin was an undergraduate student at Yale when she was _ to create the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in 1981 because she won the public design competition

11、 for the memorial.问题1选项A.commissionedB.conditionedC.streamlinedD.aggregated【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。A选项commissioned“正式委托（谱写或制作、创作、完成）”；B选项conditioned“训练，使习惯于，使适应”；C选项streamlined“使增产节约”；D选项aggregated“总计，合计”。句意：1981年，玛雅林在耶鲁大学读本科时被_设计越南退伍军人纪念馆，因为她赢得了纪念馆的公共设计竞赛。玛雅林赢了设计比赛，可知这里指的是和设计相关事宜，A选项commissioned“正式委托（谱写或制作

12、、创作、完成）”符合题意。因此A选项正确。10. 单选题I dont ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what its like to work in a field dominated by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them

13、 interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-lime and the nature of black holes. At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph. D. at MIT and then as a post-doc

14、tor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement-jobs, research papers, awards- was viewed through the lens of gender politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus right brain, or nature versus nurture, 1 would instant

15、ly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I dont talk about that anymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didnt wan

16、t to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I dont study sociology or political theory.Today I research and teach at Barnard, a womens college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how many of the 45 students in m

17、y class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer 45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I dont dismiss those concerns. Still I dont tell them “war” stories. Instead, I have given them this: the

18、visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And thats a sight worth talking about.1.Why doesnt the author want to talk about being a women scientist again?2.From Paragraph 2, we can in

19、fer that people would attribute the authors failures to（ ）.3.What did the author constantly fight against while doing her Ph. D. and post-doctoral research?4.Why does the author feel great satisfaction when talking about her class?5.What does the image the author presents to her students suggest?问题1

20、选项A.She feels unhappy working in male -dominated fieldsB.She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination.C.She is not good at telling stories of the kind.D.She finds space research more important.问题2选项A.the very fact that she is a womanB.her involvement in gender politicsC.her over-confidence

21、as a female astrophysicistD.the burden she bears in a male-dominated society问题3选项A.Lack of confidence in succeeding in space scienceB.Unfair accusations from both inside and outside her circleC.Peoples stereotyped attitude towards female scientistsD.Widespread misconceptions about nature and nurture

22、问题4选项A.Female students no longer have to bother about gender issuesB.Her students performance has brought back her confidence.C.Her female students can do just as well as male studentsD.More females students are pursuing science than before问题5选项A.Women students neednt have the concerns of her genera

23、tion.B.Women have more barriers on their way to academic success.C.Women can balance a career in science and having a family.D.Women now have fewer problems pursuing a science career.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第一段“But while earning my Ph. D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing spa

24、ce research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement-jobs, research papers, awards- was viewed through the lens of gender politics.”但当我在麻省理工学院获得博士学位，然后作为一名从事太空研究的博士后时，这个问题开始困扰我。我的每一项成就工作、研究论文、奖项都是通过性别政治的视角来看待的。由此可知，作者受够了性别歧视的问题。选项B符合原文。2.推理判断题。根据第一段“My every achievement-jobs, research p

25、apers, awards- was viewed through the lens of gender politics. So were my failures.”我的每一项成就工作、研究论文、奖项都是通过性别政治的视角来看待的，包括我的失败也是如此。也就是说，人们将作者的失败归咎于她是女性这一事实。选项A符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus right brain, or nature versus nurture, 1 would instant

26、ly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.”有时，当我被迫就左脑与右脑，或先天与后天进行辩论时，我会立即为我和所有女性的利益展开激烈的斗争。选项C符合原文。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，作者在纽约的一所女子学员进行研究和教学。最近，有人问我班上45个学生中有多少是女生。你无法想象我回答45个时有多满足。因为她们展现出45位热爱科学的女性形象，选项D符合原文。5.推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第三句“I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavi

27、ly pregnant doing physics experiments.”相反，我让她们看到她们物理教授怀着孕还在做实验的一幕。作者是想让她的学生们知道：女性可以在科学事业和家庭之间取得平衡。选项C正确。11. 单选题The medicine（ ） his pain but did not cure his illness.问题1选项A.increasedB.alleviatedC.interruptedD.deteriorated【答案】B【解析】increase增加；alleviate减轻，缓和；interrupt中断，打扰；deteriorate恶化。根据句意可知，这里指减轻疼痛，选

28、项B符合句意。12. 单选题Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one of every five Americans at work was employed, i.e., worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago “being employed” meant working as a fact

29、ory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years; m

30、iddle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working populationgrowing so fast that the industrial worker, the oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.Yet you will find litt

31、le if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field, whether it be the mechanists trade or bookkeeping. Every one of these trades requires diffe

32、rent skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly, more peop

33、le fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, and the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organizati

34、on rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.1. It is implied that fifty years ago _.2. According to the passage, with the development of modem modern industry _.3. The word “dubious” (underlined in Para 2.) most probably means _.4. According to the writer, professional knowledge

35、or skill is _.5. From the passage it can be seen that employeeship helps one _.问题1选项A.eighty per cent of American working people were employed in factoriesB.twenty per cent of American intellectuals were employeesC.the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that o

36、f industrial workersD.the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of industrial workers问题2选项A.factory laborers will overtake intellectual employees in numberB.the proportion of factory laborers in the total employee population has decreasedC.employers have attached

37、great importance to factory laborersD.there are as many middle-class employees as factory laborers问题3选项A.valuableB.usefulC.doubtfulD.helpful问题4选项A.as important as the ability to deal with public relationsB.less important than awareness of being a good employeeC.more important than employer employee

38、relationsD.as important as the ability to co-operate with others in the organization问题5选项A.to be more successful in his careerB.to be more specialized in his fieldC.to solve technical problemsD.to develop his professional skill【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段And when fifty year

39、s ago “being employed” meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills.（50年前，“被雇佣”的意思是作为工厂工人或农场工人工作，而今天的雇员越来越多地是中

40、产阶级，接受过大量的正规教育，从事需要智力和技术技能的专业或管理工作。），由此可知50年前，当人们提到被雇佣时想到的是工厂或农场工人，而现在想到的是中产阶级，由此可推断出50年前，知识分子作为雇员工作的占比没有产业工人的大，所以D选项“知识分子作为雇员工作的百分比没有产业工人的百分比大”正确。A选项“百分之八十的美国工人受雇于工厂”和B选项“百分之二十的美国知识分子是雇员”对应文章第二句“大约一百年前，每五个在工作的美国人中只有一个被雇佣，即为别人工作。”，此处说的是一百年前，并不是五十年，且此处要表达的意思是一百年前百分之二十的美国工人受雇于工厂，所以A选项和B选项说法都不正确，属于反向干扰

41、；C选项“知识分子在全体劳动力中的比例几乎与产业工人的比例相同”说法错误，文章第一段说到50年前，知识分子作为雇员工作的占比没有产业工人的大，所以C选项属于反向干扰。因此D选项正确。2.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years: middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working populationg

42、rowing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.（事实上，在过去的50年里，美国社会有两个特点：中产阶级和上层社会的雇员一直是我们劳动人口中增长最快的群体增长如此之快，以至于工业革命时以体力为主的工人在数量上已经失去了重要性，尽管工业生产在扩大。），由此可推断出产业工人的数量减少了，所以B选

43、项“产业工人在总雇员人口中的比例有所下降”正确。A选项“产业工人的数量将超过知识型员工”和D选项“中产阶级雇员和产业工人一样多”与原文表述不符，属于反向干扰；C选项“雇主非常重视产业工人”文章没有提到，属于无中生有。因此B选项正确。3.词汇推断题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段开头Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get

44、a promotion.（然而，你会发现几乎没有任何关于如何成为一名员工的内容。但是你却可以找到很多关于如何获得工作或晋升非常_的建议。），根据第一句几乎没有什么文章写道应该如何成为一名员工，却有如何获得工作或晋升的建议，所以不难推测这种建议是不可信的，因此C选项“可疑的；不可信的”正确。A选项“有价值的”；B选项“有用的”；D选项“有帮助的”都与原文所表达的意思相反，属于反向干扰，因此C选项正确。4.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段Certainly, more people fail because they do not know the requirements of bein

45、g an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade（当然，更多的人失败是因为他们不知道作为一名员工的要求，而不是因为他们没有充分掌握自己的行业技能），由此可推断作者认为知道自己作为员工的要求，即做一名好员工比掌握专业知识技能更重要，所以B选项“不如意识到自己要做一名好员工那么重要”正确。A选项“与处理公共关系的能力同等重要”、C选项“比劳资关系更重要”和D选项“与组织中其他人合作的能力同样重要”文章都没有提到，属于无中生有。因此B选项正确。5.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到最后一段

46、最后两句employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skillthe higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, and the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or profess

47、ional knowledge.（对成功来说，雇佣制度比特殊的专业知识或技能更为重要你的职位越高，你进入行政或管理工作的机会就越多，你就越重视在组织内的工作能力，而不是技术能力或专业知识。），由此可知雇佣制度有利于帮助一个人在他的职业生涯中取得较大成功，所以A选项“在他的事业上更成功”正确。B选项“在他的领域更专业”、C选项“解决技术问题”以及D选项“发展他的专业技能”都与文章表述不符，此处提到了雇佣制度中，知道自己作为员工的要求比任何专业知识、技术知识以及专业技能都更重要，B、C、D选项属于反向干扰。因此A选项正确。13. 单选题The prisoner（ ）a means of escap

48、e from prison.问题1选项A.contrivedB.conspiredC.intriguedD.plotted【答案】D【解析】contrive设计，谋划；conspire共谋，协力；intrigue用诡计取得；plot密谋。选项A强调设法得到；选项B强调两个人合作；选项C强调用诡计取得；选项D强调秘密的筹划。所以选项D更符合语境。14. 单选题She should have been here but shes _ flu that is going around recently.问题1选项A.gone through withB.gone down withC.come in

49、 forD.come up against【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项gone through with“将（决定的事）做了”；B选项gone down with“得病”；C选项come in for“遭到（批评），受到（指责）”；D选项come up against“面临，碰到”。句意：她本应该来的，但她_最近肆意横行的流感。这里对流感进行搭配，B选项gone down with“得病”符合题意。因此B选项正确。15. 单选题Many companies allow you to try equipment and will _ equipment to you in your o

50、wn home.问题1选项A.proclaimB.demonstrateC.recommendD.package【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项proclaim“宣告；成为标志”；B选项demonstrate“证实；表现，显露”；C选项recommend“举荐；建议”；D选项package“将包装好；包装成”。句意：许多公司允许您试用设备，并将设备_送到您自己家中。横线处和equipment“设备”形成动宾关系，D选项package“将包装好”可以进行搭配，符合题意。因此D选项正确。16. 单选题Back in 1992, Thomas Edison predicted that “th

51、e motion picture is destined to revolutionize our educational system and . in a few years it will supplant largely, if not entirely, the use of textbooks.” Well, we all make mistakes. But at least Edison did not squander vast quantities of public money on installing cinema screens in schools around

52、the country.With computers, the story has been different. Many governments have packed them into schools, convinced that their presence would improve the pace and efficiency of learning. Large numbers of studies, some more academically respectable than others, have purported to show that computers h

53、elp children to learn. Now, however, a study that compares class with computers against similar classes without them casts doubt on that view.In the current Economic Journal, Joshua Angrist of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Victor Lavy of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem look at a s

54、cheme which put computers into many of Israels primary and middle schools in the mid-1990s. Dr Angrist and Dr Lavy compare the test scores for math and Hebrew achieved by children in the fourth and eighth grades (ie, aged about nine and 13) in schools with and without computers. They also asked the

55、classes teachers how they used various teaching materials, such as Xeroxed worksheets and, of course, computer programs. The researchers found that the Israeli scheme had much less effect on teaching methods in middle schools than in elementary schools. It also found no evidence that the use of comp

56、uters improved childrens test scores. In fact, it found the reverse. In the case of the math scores of fourth-graders, there was a consistently negative relationship between computer use and test scores.The authors offer three possible explanations of why this might be. First, the introduction of co

57、mputers into classrooms might have gobbled up cash that would otherwise have paid for other aspects of education. But that is unlikely in this case since the money for the programmer came from the national lottery, and the study found no significant change in teaching resources, methods or training

58、in schools that acquired computers through the scheme.A second possibility is that the transition to using computers in instruction takes time to have an effect. Maybe, say the author, but the schools surveyed had been using the schemes computers for a full school year. That was enough for the new c

59、omputers to have had a large (and apparently malign) influence on fourth-grade math scores. The third explanation is the simplest: that the use of computers in teaching is no better (and perhaps worse) than other teaching methods.The bottom line, says Dr Angrist, is that “the costs are clear-cut and

60、 the benefits are murky”. The burden of proof now lies with the promoters of classroom computers. And the only reliable way to make their case is ,surely, to conduct a proper study, with children randomly allocated to teachers who use computers and teachers who use other methods, including the cheap

61、est of all: chalk and talk.1.We can learn from the first paragraph that（ ）.2.Dr. Angrist and Dr. Lavy have done the following except（ ）.3.According to Dr. Angrist and Dr. Lavy, in the Israeli scheme, students didnt make improvement in their test scores because（ ）.4.It can be inferred from the last p

62、aragraph that（ ）.5.The authors attitude towards governments packing computers in schools seems to be（ ）.问题1选项A.motion picture has revolutionized education systemB.Edisons prediction has been proved wrongC.Edison encouraged schools to install cinema screensD.Schools are cautious about Edisons idea问题2选项A.comparing the test scores of students in different age groups.B.interviewing teachers about their teaching methods.C.launching the computer program in many Israeli schools.D.explaining students school performance.问题3选项A.other aspects of education were affected due to cash shor