2022年考博英语-郑州大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第59期

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1、2022年考博英语-郑州大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题He had gone away on business and would not return to the hotel until the next day. I should have to wait till（ ）I could thank him for the present.问题1选项A.afterwardsB.thenC.then beforeD.then therefore【答案】C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他出差去了，第二天才会回旅馆。我应该等到那个时候才能表达对他送我礼物的感谢。分析

2、题干结构，根据关键词till可知空白处首先应填入 个与 the next day 意思相似的副词，即 then；另外 “I could thank him for the present”这部分为时间状语，引导词应该用before，故答案选项为C。2. 单选题Contestants who do not（ ）the regulations will be disqualified.问题1选项A.cooperate withB.comply withC.approveD.submit to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项cooperate with“合作，协作”；B选项comply wit

3、h“遵从，依照”；C选项approve“赞成”；D选项submit to“屈服，顺从”。句意：不遵守规定的参赛者将被取消参赛资格。本句表示遵守比赛规定。因此B选项正确。3. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following part into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.For too long, a small group in our Capital has reaped the rewards of government while the people have borne the

4、cost. Washington flourished, but the people did not share in its wealth. Politicians prospered, but the jobs left, and the factories closed. Their victories have not been your victories; their triumphs have not been your triumphs; and while they celebrated in our Capital, there was little to celebra

5、te for struggling families all across our land.【答案】长期以来，我们首都的一小部分人攫取了政府的利益，而代价却由人民来承担。华盛顿欣欣向荣，人民却没有分享到财富。政客们兴旺发达，工作机会却越来越少，工厂纷纷倒闭。他们的胜利不是你们的胜利；他们的成功不是你们的成功；当他们在我们的首都欢呼庆祝时，这片土地上无数挣扎的家庭却没有什么值得庆祝的。4. 单选题Rumor is the most（1）way of spreading stories by passing them on from mouth（2）mouth. But civilized co

6、untries in normal times have better（3）of news than rumor. They have radio, television, and newspapers. In times of stress and（4），（5），rumor; （6）and becomes widespread. At such （7）the different kinds of news are in（8）， the press, television, and radio versus the grapevine. Especially（9）rumors spread w

7、hen war requires censorship（审查，检查）on many important matters. The customary news sources no longer（10）enough information. Since the people cannot learn .（11） legitimate （合法的，正规的）channels all （12）they are anxious to learn, they pick up news （13）they can and when this（14）, rumor thrives. Rumors are oft

8、en repeated（15）by those who do not believe the tales. There is a fascination about them. The reason is（16）the cleverly designed rumor gives expression to something deep in the hearts of the victims -the fears, suspicions, forbidden hopes, or daydreams which they hesitate to（17）directly. Pessimistic

9、(悲观的) rumors about defeat and disasters show that the people who repeat them are（18）and anxious（19）rumors about record production or peace soon coming point to complacency (满足，自得) or confidence - and often to（20）.问题1选项A.primitiveB.importantC.impossibleD.outstanding问题2选项A.tillB.toC.forD.by问题3选项A.mean

10、sB.waysC.sourcesD.resource问题4选项A.confusionB.peaceC.prosperityD.worried问题5选项A.andB.howeverC.soD.therefore问题6选项A.emergesB.immergeC.immerseD.immense问题7选项A.timeB.the timesC.timesD.the time问题8选项A.competeB.competitionC.commonD.harmony问题9选项A.doB.didC.areD.were问题10选项A.give upB.give offC.give outD.send off问题

11、11选项A.throughB.byC.inD.across问题12选项A.whatB.whyC.whichD.that问题13选项A.whereverB.whereC.whateverD.what问题14选项A.happenedB.would happenC.happensD.happen问题15选项A.everB.evenC.foreverD.much问题16选项A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how问题17选项A.actB.voiceC.behaveD.do问题18选项A.happyB.relievedC.crazyD.worried问题19选项A.BadB.PessimisticC

12、.OptimisticD.Good问题20选项A.overconfidenceB.overweightC.over considerateD.overproduce【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B第6题:A第7题:C第8题:B第9题:A第10题:C第11题:A第12题:D第13题:A第14题:C第15题:B第16题:A第17题:B第18题:D第19题:C第20题:A【解析】1.考查形容词词义辨析。primitive “原始的”；important “重要的”； impossible “不可能的”；outstanding “杰出的”。根据后一句“but civilize

13、d countries ” (但是文明国家)，可知空格处应该填入一个与civilized想对应的词，因此选项A符合题意。2.考查固定搭配。from mouth to mouth “口口相传”，选项B符合题意。3.考查名词词义辨析。means “手段，方法”；ways “方法”；sources “来源”；resource “资源”。后一句提到的radio, television, and newspapers都是消息的来源，因此选项C符合题意。4.考查词义辨析。confusion “混乱；混淆”；peace “和平”；prosperity “繁荣，成功”；worried “担心的”。前面提到在正

14、常时期（in normal times），消息有很多其他来源，空格处所在句子后半句提到“谣言又开始传播”说明不是在正常时期，因此选项A符合题意。5.考查逻辑关系。空格处所在句子前面的句子讲的是正常时期（in normal times），后面讲的是紧张混乱时期（in times of stress and confusion），前后是转折关系，因此选项B符合题意。6.考查动词词义辨析。emerge “出现”；immerge “浸入”；immerse “沉浸，使陷入”；immense “巨大的”，形容词。根据空格处后面的“become widespread”(传播很广)可知前面是“谣言出现”，因此

15、选项A符合题意。7.考查固定搭配。such times 或者 such a time，因此选项C符合题意。8.考查词义辨析。compete “竞争”，动词；competition “竞争；比赛”，名词；common “普通，平民”，名词， “共同的，普通的”，形容词；harmony “协调；和睦”。根据空格处后面的内容“the press, television, and radio versus the grapevine”可知是这几种媒体与小道消息对抗，因此选项B符合题意。9.考查逻辑关系。空格处后面是一个完整的句子，因此空格处填入的词是对谓语动词的强调，且时态是一般现在时，因此选项A符合

16、题意。10.考查词组辨析。give up “放弃”；give off “发出（光等）”；give out “分发，发出”；send off “寄出；派遣”。根据后面的名词information，可知只有C选项与之搭配合理。11.考查介词辨析。根据空格处后面的legitimate channels (正规渠道)可知“人们通过这些渠道知晓”，因此，与channel搭配的介词是through, 选项A符合题意。12.考查定语从句。先行词是all，因此引导词只能用that，选项D符合题意。13.考查逻辑关系。Since引导原因状语从句，“因为人们不能通过正规的渠道获取他们想要的信息”，可以推测主句讲的

17、是“他们从各处能获得消息的地方收集消息”，所以选项A符合题意。14.考查时态。根据空格处后面的rumor thrives可知此处是一般现在时，所以选项C符合题意。15.考查逻辑关系。空格处前面是“谣言经常流传”，空格处后面是“在那些不相信的人中”，前后是递进关系，选项B符合题意“谣言甚至会在那些不相信的人中间流传”。16.考查表语从句。空格处填入的词引导一个表语从句，且不在从句中做任何成分，因此选项A符合题意。17.考查动词词义辨析。act “扮演，表现”；voice “表达，吐露”；behave “表现”；do “做”。空格处所在句子的大意是：他们不愿意直接表露出来。选项B符合题意。18.考

18、查形容词词义辨析。happy “高兴”；relieved “放心的”；crazy “疯狂的”；worried “担心的”。主语是pessimistic rumors (悲观的谣言)，这种谣言会让人“担心且忧虑”，因此选项D符合题意。19.考查形容词词义辨析。前面提到pessimistic rumors, 此处应与之相对，所以选项C符合题意。20.考查名词词义辨析。overconfidence “自负；过分相信”；overweight “超重”；over considerate “过度体贴”；overproduce “过度生产”。 前面提到了complacency or confidence，空

19、格处在此基础上递进，因此选项A符合题意。5. 单选题I didnt say anything like that at all. You are purposely（ ）my ideas to prove your point.问题1选项A.revisingB.distortingC.distractingD.contradicting【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。revise “修订”； distort “扭曲”; distract “转移，分心”；contradict “反驳，否定”。根据I didnt say anything like that at all“我根本没有说过那样的

20、话”可知“为了证明你的观点，将我的想法扭曲了”符合语境，因此选项B符合题意。6. 翻译题Translate the following part into Chinese.My fellow American, ask not what your country can do for you ask what you can do for your country. My fellow citizens of the world ask not what American will do for you. but what together we can do for the freedom

21、of man. Finally, whether you are citizens American or citizens of the world ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love.【答案】美国同胞们

22、，不要问国家能为你们做些什么、而要问你们能为国家做些什么。全世界的公民们，不要问美国将为你们做些什么，而要问我们共同能为人类的自由做些什么。最后，不论你们是美国公民还是其他国家公民，你们应要求我们献出我们同样要求于你们的高度力量和牺牲。问心无愧是我们唯一可靠的奖赏，历史是我们行动的最终裁判，让我们走向前去，引导我们所热爱的国家。7. 单选题Imagine you found out that ideas invented by a computer were rated higher by independent experts than ideas created by a group of

23、 humans asked to perform the same task. Would you praise the designer of the “creative computer” for a great achievement or would you question why human talent usually so potent in coping with complex cognitive challenges created such poor ideas or maybe you would question your view of the notion of

24、 creativity. In fact, such a scenario was played out when we used a simple computerized routine to generate ideas and compared them with ideas invented by human subjects. Why did human judge perceive the computers outcomes as superior to human ideas when they performed the same task?Creativity is co

25、nsidered the ultimate human activity, a highly complex process, difficult to formalize and to control. Although there is a general agreement regarding the distinctive nature of the creative product （idea, painting, poem, and so on）, there is a controversy over the nature of the creative process. Som

26、e researchers hold that the creative thinking process is qualitatively different from “ordinary” day-to-day thinking and involves a leap that cannot be formulated, analyzed, or reconstructed the creative spark. Others adopt a reductionist view that creative products are the outcome of ordinary think

27、ing, only quantitatively different from everyday thinking.Because creative ideas are different from those that normally arise, people often believe that such ideas require conditions dramatically different from the usual. The notion goes that, in order to overcome mental barriers and reach creative

28、ideas, total freedom is necessary no directional guidance, constraints, criticism from an infinite space during the creativity process. This view prompted the emergence of various idea-generating methods: brainstorming, synectics （共同研究法），lateral thinking （水平思考，横向思维），random stimulation, and so on, al

29、l of which consist of withholding judgment and relying on analogies from other numbers in the group of on randomly selected analogies. This family of methods relies on the assumption that enhancing randomness, breaking rules and paradigms, and generating anarchy of thought increase the probability o

30、f creative idea emergence.Do these methods work? A number of researchers indicate that they do not. Ideas suggested by individuals working alone are superior to ideas suggested in brainstorming sessions and the performance of problem solvers instructed to break the rules, get out of the square, and

31、change paradigms” was not better than that of individuals who were not given any instructions at all.The failure of these methods to improve creative outcomes has been explained by the unstructured nature of the task. Reitman observed that many problems that lack a structuring framework are ill-defi

32、ned in that the representation of one or more of the basic components the initial state, the operators and constraints and the goal-are seriously incomplete，and the search space is exceedingly large. Indeed, many illdefined problems seem difficult，not because we are swamped by the enormous number of

33、 alternative possibilities, but because we have trouble thinking even of one idea worth pursuing.1. Ideas invented by a computer are（ ）.2. The author thinks that creative thinking is（ ）.3. According to this passage,（ ）the probability of creative ideas emergence.4. It is believed that（ ）tends to impr

34、ove creative outcomes.问题1选项A.not necessary superior to human ideasB.undoubtedly superior to human ideasC.scarcely superior to human ideasD.generally invented by human subject much earlier问题2选项A.superior to everyday thinkingB.quantitatively different from everyday thinkingC.qualitatively different fr

35、om everyday thinkingD.beyond formalization and analysis问题3选项A.synectics tend to increaseB.total freedom in thinking will increaseC.brainstorming might decreaseD.breaking rules and paradigms increases.问题4选项A.identifying the structuring frameworkB.breaking rules and paradigmsC.following no directional

36、 guidanceD.adopting a reductionist view.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“计算机创造出的思想怎么样？”文章第一段最后一句话提到“当执行同一个认为时，为什么人类裁判会认为计算机的结果优于人类的想法？” (Why did human judge perceive the computers outcomes as superior to human ideas when they performed the same task?)，选项B“毫无疑问优于人类思想”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为创

37、造性思维是”。文章第二段第一句话提到“创造力被认为是人类的终极活动，是一个高度复杂的过程，难以形式化和被控制”（Creativity is considered the ultimate human activity, a highly complex process, difficult to formalize and to control），因此选项D“难以被形式化和被分析”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，创意出现的概率”。文章第三段提出了一些增强创意的方法，第四段第一句提到“这些方法有效吗？”随后回答“一些研究院暗示它们不能”（A number of researc

38、hers indicate that they do not）,因此选项C“头脑风暴法可能会减少创意出现的概率”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“人们相信往往会提高创造性的结果”。文章最后一段提到“这些方法失败的原因被认为是任务的非结构化” (The failure of these methods to improve creative outcomes has been explained by the unstructured nature of the task)，该段第二句依然是在讲述非结构化框架带来的不好的影响，因此选项A“识别结构性框架”符合题意。8. 翻译题Translat

39、e the following part into English.经过改革开放30多年的努力，中国经济实力不断增强，国民生产总值大幅提升。 中国人口多、底子薄，面临城乡区域发展不平衡、科技创新能力不强等问题。中国要实 现现代化建设的目标还需要长期艰苦奋斗。中国面临的问题只有通过发展才能解决。我 们将坚持把发展作为第一要务，努力推动经济社会又好又快发展。【答案】Over the past 30 years since reform and opening-up, Chinas economy has enjoyed continuous growth and its GDP has risen

40、 to a much higher level. China, a country with a big population and weak economic foundation, is confronted with some challenges, including development disparities between the urban and rural areas and among different regions, inadequate innovation capabilities and so on. To achieve modernization, w

41、e must make persistent and strenuous effort. And we can only overcome our difficulties through development. We will continue to take development as our top priority and make every effort to achieve sound and rapid economic and social development.9. 单选题He failed to carry out some of the provisions of

42、 the contract, and now he has to（ ）the consequences.问题1选项A.answer forB.step intoC.abide byD.run into【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。answer for “对负责”； step into “进入”; abide by “遵守”；run into “遭遇，陷入”。前半句提到“他没有履行合同的一些条款”，因此他需要对此负责，选项A符合题意。10. 单选题The ad of four-wheeled vehicle gives viewers a feeling of（ ）that no matter

43、 what happens weatherwise, no matter how much it snows or how bad the mudslides are, you can go out in your four-wheel drive.问题1选项A.invulnerabilityB.irrationalityC.ambiguityD.simplicity【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项invulnerability“刀枪不入，不会受伤害”；B选项irrationality“不合理，无理性”；C选项ambiguity“含糊，不明确”；D选项simplicity“朴素，简易”。

44、句意：四轮汽车的广告给观众一种无坚不摧的感觉，不管天气如何，不管下多大的雪，不管泥石流有多严重，都可以开着四轮汽车出门。本句表示四轮汽车不会受到伤害。因此A选项正确。11. 单选题The walkers in front crossed the ledge easily, seemingly（ ）of the fact that there was a 3000-foot drop on either side.问题1选项A.pretentiousB.remindfulC.attentiveD.oblivious【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。pretentious “炫耀的，做作的”;

45、 remindful “提醒的，留意的”；attentive “注意的，体贴的”； oblivious “遗忘的；不注意的”。前半句的句意是：前面的人轻松地跨过了岩架，与后文“岩架两侧深达3000英尺”形成对比，可推测空格处是要表达“好像没有注意到”，选项D符合题意。12. 单选题A pervasive negative attitude of the engineers toward projects funded by his company is the cause of the delay of signing the contract.问题1选项A.perniciousB.preva

46、lentC.preventiveD.perpetual【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项pernicious“有害的；恶性的；致命的；险恶的”；B选项prevalent“流行的；普遍的，广传的”；C选项preventive“预防性的，防备的；防病的”；D选项perpetual“永久的；不断的；四季开花的；无期限的”。句意：工程师们对他们公司资助的项目普遍持否定态度，这是合同迟迟没有签订的原因。本句关键词pervasive表示“普遍的；到处渗透的；流行的”，四个选项中B选项最合适，因此B选项正确。13. 单选题The countrys production dropped while pr

47、ices and unemployed （ ）.问题1选项A.under-questionedB.out-spaceC.overestimatedD.skyrocketed【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。under-question“在受盘问中”；out-space 是名词，意思是“外部空间”；overestimate “对估计过高”；skyrocket “飞涨；猛涨”。While前后是对比关系，前面提到“这个国家的生产下降”，因此后面是表示“价格和失业率在上升”，选项D符合题意。14. 不定项选择题Painting, the execution of forms and shapes o

48、n a surface by means of pigment, has been continuously practiced by humans for some 20,000 years. Together with other activities（1）ritualistic in origin but have come to be designated as artistic (such as music or dance), painting was one of the earliest ways in which man（2）to express his own person

49、ality and his（3）understanding of an existence beyond the material world.（4）music and dance, however, examples of early forms of painting have survived to the present day. The modern eye can derive aesthetic as well as antiquarian satisfaction（5）the 15,000-year-old cave murals of Lascaux - some examp

50、les（6）to the considerable powers of draftsmanship of these early artists. And painting, like other arts, exhibits universal qualities that（7）for viewers of all nations and civilizations to understand and appreciate. The major（8）examples of early painting anywhere in the world are found in Western Eu

51、rope and the Soviet Union. But some 5,000 years ago, the areas in which important paintings were executed（9）to the eastern Mediterranean Sea and neighboring regions.（10）, Western shared a European cultural tradition - the Middle East and Mediterranean Basin and, later, the countries of the New World

52、. Western painting is in general distinguished by its concentration（11）the representation of the human（12）, whether in the heroic context of antiquity or the religious context of the early Christian and medieval world. The Renaissance（13）this tradition through a（14）examination of the natural world a

53、nd an investigation of balance, harmony, and perspective in the visible world, linking painting（15）the developing sciences of anatomy and optics. The first real（16）from figurative painting came with the growth of landscape painting in the 17th and 18th centuries. The landscape and figurative traditi

54、ons developed together in the 19th century in an atmosphere that was increasingly（17）“painterly” qualities of the（18）of light and color and the expressive qualities of paint handling. In the 20th century these interests（19）to the development of a third major tradition in Western painting, abstract p

55、ainting, which sought to（20）and express the true nature of paint and painting through action and form.问题1选项A.may have beenB.that may haveC.may haveD.that may have been问题2选项A.seekB.sought forC.seek forD.sought问题3选项A.emergencyB.emergingC.mergingD.merger问题4选项A.AsB.LikeC.UnlikeD.Since问题5选项A.forB.toC.int

56、oD.from问题6选项A.ratifyB.certifyC.testifyD.gratify问题7选项A.make it easyB.make easyC.make hardD.make it hard问题8选项A.extinctB.extantC.extentD.exterior问题9选项A.had shiftedB.shiftedC.shiftingD.have shifted问题10选项A.NeverthelessB.MoreoverC.ThereforeD.However问题11选项A.toB.onC.inD.for问题12选项A.shadowB.shapeC.figureD.for

57、m问题13选项A.extractedB.extrudedC.extortedD.extended问题14选项A.closeB.closingC.closedD.closure问题15选项A.onB.toC.in D.for问题16选项A.breakdownB.breakageC.breakD.breaking问题17选项A.concerningB.concerned withC.concerning withD.concerned for问题18选项A.reactionB.actionC.relationD.interaction问题19选项A.distributedB.contributed

58、C.attributedD.construed问题20选项A.uncoverB.discoverC.recoverD.cover【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D第6题:C第7题:A第8题:B第9题:B第10题:C第11题:B第12题:C第13题:D第14题:A第15题:B第16题:C第17题:B第18题:D第19题:B第20题:A【解析】第1题:考查从句。本句主句painting was one of the earliest ways.（绘画是最早的方式之一），together with副词短语，不是从句的引导词或者是连词，因此这里不能引导一个状语从句，排除A选项和

59、C选项；空格后ritualistic（仪式的；固守仪式的；惯例的）是形容词，要和be动词搭配；句意：和其他起源可能是仪式的活动，但后来被指定为艺术活动(如音乐或舞蹈)。因此D选项正确。第2题:考查动词辨析。seek（寻求；寻找；探索；搜索）做及物动词时，接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语，用作不及物动词时，其主动形式含有被动意义，但是本句话表示主动寻求，排除B、C选项；根据主干部分时态was可排除A选项。句意：绘画是人们寻求表现自己个性的最早的方式之一；因此D选项正确。第3题:考查形容词辨析。A选项emergency“紧急的；备用的”；B选项emerging“走向成熟的；新兴的”；C选项mergi

60、ng“合并；融入，融合（merge 的现在分词）”；D选项merger“合并；并购；吸收”；句意：他对物质世界之外存在的领悟。根据空格前his（他的）和空格后understanding（谅解，理解；理解力；协议）可以判断出空格处应填入一个形容词，排除C选项和D选项。本句表示“对物质世界的领悟，即对物质世界的新兴的理解”；因此B选项正确。第4题:考查介词辨析。A选项As“作为；以身份；当作；像，如同；当时”；B选项Like“像，如同；符合的方式；有的特点；（用于询问）怎么样；例如，好比”；C选项Unlike“不像，和不同；与不同，与相反；非的特征”；D选项Since“自以后；（表示气愤）何曾”；句意：然而，与音乐和舞蹈不同的是，早期的绘画形式一直延续到今天。根据however可以得知此处表示“和不同”；因此C选项正确。第5题:考查介词辨析。A选项for“（表示对象、用途等）给，对；为了；关于；代表”；B选项to“朝；位于；到某处；到某状态；差；给；对于；比”；C选项into“到里面”；D选项from“从起；从开始”；句意：从15000年历史的拉斯科洞穴壁画中，现代人既能获得审美上的满足，也能获得古董收藏家的