2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考试题库及模拟押密卷94（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题The first drought-tolerant genetically（ ）maize is expected to be grown on the African continent in 2017, according to a recent report.问题1选项A.measuredB.determinedC.transferredD.modified【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。measured量过的，慎重的；determined坚决的；transferred转移的，转让的；modified改良的

2、，改进的。耐旱的玉米品种应该是经过了基因改良，故D项正确。句意：根据最近一项报告，第一批耐旱的基因改良了的玉米将在2017年被种植到非常大陆上。2. 单选题It appeared to me that they were not doing anything for the patientthey did not ask me to help,（ ）say a word.问题1选项A.they did notB.nor did theyC.they didD.didnt they【答案】B【解析】考查语法。在英语中，两个简单句之间若有逗号连接，必须要用连词或引导词。故只有B项符合题意。句意：在

3、我看来，他们没有为病人做任何事他们没有请我帮忙，也没有说一句话。3. 单选题“Under no circumstances（ ）the Senates raising the debt ceiling with just 50 votes.” The senator said, insisting meaningful spending reforms before raising the debt ceiling.问题1选项A.will I agree toB.I will agree toC.agree to I willD.I will agree to【答案】A【解析】考查倒装句的用法

4、。分析句子结构可知，题目中包含倒装结构，Under no circumstances置于句首，句子出现部分倒装，这时will应提前到主语之前。因此本题正确答案为A选项。4. 单选题If a school posts a students name and test score without obtaining student（or parental）consent, it can（ ）FERPA, a federal law that protects the privacy of student education records.问题1选项A.verifyB.vilifyC.violat

5、eD.vibrate【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项verify表示“核实，查证”；B选项vilify表示“诽谤，中伤，轻视”；C选项violate表示“违反，侵犯”；D选项vibrate表示“振动，颤动，摇摆”。由句意可知，如果学校在没有得到学生（或家长）同意的情况下公布学生的姓名和考试成绩，它就违反了联邦法律。因此，violate的词义最符合句意，故本题正确答案为C选项。5. 单选题Britain has（ ）trials of driverless cars in four English cities, with the government claiming the nat

6、ion was uniquely placed to lead the development of the new technology.问题1选项A.launchedB.surgedC.prevailedD.yielded【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项launched表示“发起，开展，启动，发射”；B选项surged表示“汹涌，蜂拥而来”；C选项prevailed表示“流行”；D选项yielded表示“产出，屈服，放弃”。空缺处所缺内容为动词，且需搭配宾语trials of driverless cars，由此可知，只有A选项launched最符合句意，表示“开展无人驾驶试验”

7、。故本题正确答案为A选项。6. 单选题For years Kaufer, an associate professor at U.C. Berkeley, has been working on how stress affects the brain and body, and the complexity of the（ ）instinct to fight or flee.问题1选项A.ethicalB.militaryC.politicalD.human【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项ethical表示“伦理的，道德的”；B选项military表示“军事的，军人的”；C选项

8、political表示“政治的，党派的”；D选项human表示“人的，人类的”。分析句意可知，这位副教授一直都致力于研究压力如何影响大脑和身体，以及人类战斗和逃跑本能的复杂性。因此human的词义最符合原文句意，故本题正确答案为D选项。7. 单选题Kazakhstan is to（ ）business registration procedures by lessening the number of the documents for business registration.问题1选项A.simplifyB.signifyC.stimulateD.stipulate【答案】A【解析】考查

9、动词辨析。simplify简化； signify表示，意味着；stimulate刺激，鼓舞； stipulate规定，保证。由lessening可知哈萨克斯坦正在减少办理商业登记的文件数量，目的是为了简化商业登记手续。故空格处所填单词与lessening意思接近，A项符合题意。8. 翻译题Global warming could transform large parts of Africa: shifting rains, spreading malaria and other insect borne diseases, even changing the size of the Saha

10、ra Desert.Yet, the bulk of the worlds climate forecasting has been concentrated on those regions that host the supercomputers that can do it: the U.S., Europe and the rest of the developed world.Thats set to change. Meeting for just the third time since 1979, the World Climate Conference established

11、 a framework last week for extending science-based climate predictions to all. Think the weather forecast, only larger.This conference is famous for, among other things, creating the International Panel on Climate Change, whose reports have warned the world of accelerating climate change. The goal o

12、f this new framework is to better enable all countries to adapt to that future climate. To that end, it calls for expanded observations of the global climate, public access to climate data, more climate prediction research and a new Climate Services Information System. This will provide local govern

13、ments with expected changes to water resources, agriculture, fisheries, forests, even health.Of course, climate predictions will also guide adaptation to a warmer globe, and even potentially provide early warnings for natural disasters. But they wont be perfect. As Robert Heinlein said, climate is w

14、hat you expect, weather is what you get.【答案】【参考译文】全球变暖可能会改变非洲的大部分地区：使雨带转移，传播疟疾和其他昆虫传播疾病，甚至改变撒哈拉沙漠的大小。然而，世界上大部分能对气候进行预测的地区都集中在拥有超级计算机的地区：美国、欧洲和其他发达国家。这种情况肯定是要改变的。自从1979年以来，世界气候会议才召开了三次，为了让科学的气候预报扩展到所有的国家，世界气候会议上周为此确立了一个框架协议。以后想到天气预报，其预报范围可能要大一些了。这次会议出名是因为成立了国际气候变化委员会，这个委员会对全球气候加速提出了警告。这个新框架的目标是使所有国家更

15、好地适应未来的气候。为此，它呼吁扩大对全球气候的观测，让公众获得气候数据，开展更多的气候预测研究，并建立一个新的气候服务信息系统。这将为地方政府提供水资源、农业、渔业、林业、甚至健康的预期变化。当然，气候预测也将指导如何人们适应全球变暖，甚至可能为自然灾害提供早期预警。但这不会是完美的。正如罗伯特海因莱因（Robert Heinlein）所说，你预测的是气候，而你经历的是天气。9. 单选题Social tensions among adult factions can be adjusted by politics, but adolescents and children have no s

16、uch（ ）for resolving their conflict with the exclusive world of adults.问题1选项A.attitudeB.mechanismC.justificationD.opportunity【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。attitude态度，看法；mechanism机制，原理，途径；justification 理由，辩护。；opportunity机会。no such与前半句的politics对应，politics在句中属于解决问题的方法，故后半句用mechanism。答案B。句意：成人派系之间的社会紧张关系可以通过政治来调整，但是青少

17、年和儿童没有这样的（ ）来解决他们与成人世界的冲突。、10. 单选题Thank you for applying for a position with our firm. We do not have any openings at this time, but we shall keep your application on（ ）for two months.问题1选项A.pileB.segmentC.fileD.sequence【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。keep on file存档。句意：谢谢你申请我们公司的职位。目前我们公司职位空缺,但我们会将您的申请保存两个月。故C项正确。1

18、1. 单选题The ambulance services worked（ ）hauling people trapped in the building to safety.问题1选项A.on the declineB.on the contraryC.for a changeD.round the clock【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。on the decline在衰退中； on the contrary正相反；for a change为了改变一下；round the clock昼夜不停地，不知疲倦地。由ambulance以及后面的“hauling people trapped in t

19、he building to safety. 把困在楼里的人拉到安全的地方”可知急救车昼夜不停地运输被困人员。故D项符合题意。句意：救护车服务不分昼夜地把困在大楼里的人拉到安全的地方。12. 单选题With the completion of the irrigation network，the farmers in that area will no longer be（ ）the weather for good harvests.问题1选项A.in control ofB.at the disposal ofC.at the mercy ofD.in charge of【答案】C【解析】

20、考查词组辨析。in control of控制，管理，掌握；at the disposal of在使用； at the mercy of受支配；in charge of负责，主管。灌溉建成后农民的收成将不再受天气支配。故C项正确。句意：随着灌溉网的完工,那个地区的农民的好收成将不再受天气支配。13. 单选题I thought the children（ ）when we returned home, but they were still awake.问题1选项A.had been sleepingB.would sleepC.would be sleepingD.were sleeping【答

21、案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句中虽然没有明显的虚拟条件句，但通过but they were still awake 可知，孩子们在说话人回到家时其实还没睡，这种隐含式虚拟条件句一般转化为if引导的条件句，主句用would+动词原形，而当时判断的是孩子们正在睡觉，因此本题正确答案为C选项。14. 单选题Oak Ridge residents are encouraged to their unused medicine on Saturday at（ ）Operation Medicine Cabinet.问题1选项A.dispose ofB.deviate fromC.adhere toD.a

22、djust to【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。dispose of处理，转让，解决；deviate from偏离，脱离；adhere to坚持，粘附；adjust to调节。句意：橡树岭居民被鼓励在周六处理他们医药箱中从未使用的药品。A项符合题意。15. 翻译题For me the most interesting thing about a solitary life, and mine has been that for the blast twenty years, is that it becomes increasingly rewarding. When I can wake u

23、p and watch the sun rises over the ocean, as I do most days, and know that I have an entire day ahead, uninterrupted, in which to write a few pages, take a walk with my dog, read and listen to music, I am flooded with happiness.I am lonely when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a b

24、reak, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. And I am lonely sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip, when I have seen a lot of people and talked a lot, and am full to the brim with experience that needs to be sorted out.Then for a while the house feels huge and empty

25、, and I wonder where my self is hiding. It has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants and, perhaps, by looking again at each one as though it was a person.It takes a while, as I watch the surf blowing up in fountains, but the moment comes when the world falls away, and the self emerges again

26、 from the deep unconscious, bringing back all I have recently experienced to be explored and slowly understood.【答案】对我来说，独自生活最有趣的事情是生活变得越来越有价值，我已经这样独自生活了二十年。正如我大多数日子做的那样，当我醒来，看着太阳从海平面升起，我已经提前知道了这一整天（的计划），不会被打搅，写几页文字，和我的狗散步，读读书，听听音乐，我充满了幸福。当我过度劳累、长时间不间断地工作或者一时感到空虚需要充实时，我就会感到孤独。有时，当我结束了演讲之旅回到家中，我会感到孤独，

27、因为我见了很多人，说了很多话，心里充满了需要整理的经历。之后有那么一段时间，我觉得房子又大又空，不知道自己藏在了哪里。我只得给植物浇浇水，或许再像看人一样，看看它们的千姿百态，慢慢地找回自我。有那么一小会儿，我看着那喷泉里飞溅的浪花，但当世界逐渐消失时，那一刻就来临了，自我又从潜意识的深处再次浮现，带着这几天的经历去探究，然后慢慢领悟。16. 单选题During the decades after the United States Civil War, a host of technical advances made possible（ ）and uniformity of railroa

28、d service.问题1选项A.and a new integrationB.for a new integrationC.that a new integrationD.a new integration【答案】D【解析】考查语法。B项made 后面没有了宾语；C项that后面没有谓语，无法构成从句；A项made 后面没有了宾语，而且and 前后也不是平行结构。故D项正确。句意：在美国内战之后的几十年里,大量的技术进步使铁路服务重新整合保持一致性成为可能。17. 翻译题Education begins with teachers. Yet teaching seems to be losi

29、ng its appeal for many of the best and brightest college students: in high school, many of the best students decide that they want to be teachers, but their relatives and friends soon convince them to change their minds.（1）According to several recent reports on the shortcomings of American public sc

30、hooling, teachings lack of appeal for the brightest college students is one of the teaching professions most worrisome problems.Many articles on teaching, currently popular in newspapers, magazines, and professional education journals, concentrate on the negative aspects of teaching; the expression

31、teacher burnout is commonly ascribed to thousands of thoughtful and dedicated teachers who are leaving the profession.（2）Teacher burnout is caused by such problems as violence in the classroom，vandalism（肆意破坏行为）inadequate salaries，involuntary transfers, interfering parents, oversized classes, and exc

32、essive paperwork. Even the best teachers cannot solve a childs problems, but many of them believe the public expects them to, and they give up teaching in despair.（3）Despite the more limited financial prospects, the deterioration of the American publics attitude toward teachers, and the problems cau

33、sed by disruptive students，many of the best students conclude that they want to pursue careers in the classroom after all. They usually discover that they want personal fulfillment from their lifes work more than they want material rewards. Each eventually chose to become a teacher. However, a growi

34、ng body of evidence shows that such students are exceptions, rather than the rule, in Americas more than 1,200 teacher-training programs. Many teacher-training schools are beginning to look at ways to recruit the kind of people who would be inclined toward the positive aspects of teaching. The teach

35、ing profession has to become more attractive to good students.（4）Prospective teachers will see increased emphasis by national teacher organizations，state certification agencies，and local districts on improving the status of the profession, as well as on improving teacher salaries. Continued efforts

36、to eliminate jobs teachers do that are not teacherssuch as policing the restrooms, hallways, and cafeteriasare important for upgrading the profession.While teaching is not a wise career choice for all, teaching is a noble and rewarding profession for those who indeed seek personal fulfillment from t

37、heir lifes work.（4）Though the first year of teaching is frequently the most frustrating year in a teachers life, the experience of solving problems that deal with instruction, students, parents, administrators, and fellow teachers is of immeasurable value for future success.Put the underlined senten

38、ces in the following passage into Chinese.【答案】1.根据最近几份关于美国公立学校教育缺点的报告，对最聪明的大学生来说，教学缺乏吸引力是教师行业最令人担忧的问题之一。2.教师的职业倦怠是由以下问题引起的:教室里的暴力行为、故意破坏、工资不高、非自愿的调动、家长的干预、班级规模过大和作业批改工作过多。3. 尽管教师的经济前景更加有限，美国公众对教师态度的恶化，以及破坏性学生造成的问题，然而许多优秀的学生还是决定想在教室里追求事业。4.未来的教师将看到国家教师组织、国家认证机构和当地对提高教师职业地位以及提高教师工资的重视。5.虽然第一年的教学往往是教师生

39、涯中最令人沮丧的一年，但解决与指示、学生、家长、管理员和同事有关的问题的经验对未来的成功具有不可估量的价值。18. 单选题In the United States, the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the（1）half of the 19th century; most of（2）were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U. S., the day nursery movement receive

40、d great（3）during the First World War, when（4）of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established（5）in munitions plants, under direct government sponsorship.（6）the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose（7）, this rise

41、 was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War,（8）Federal State, and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control（9）the day nurseries, chiefly by（10）them.The（11）of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in

42、the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were（12）called up on to replace men in the factories. On this（13）the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools,（14）$ 6,000,000 in July, 1942, for a nursery school program for the children of working mothers. M

43、any States and local communities（15）this Federal aid. By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared（16）in daycare centers receiving Federal（17）. Soon afterward, the Federal government（18）cut clown its expenditures for this purpose and later（19）them, causing a sh

44、arp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their（20）at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled.问题1选项A.latterB.lateC.otherD.first问题2选项A.thoseB.themC.whoseD.whom问题3选项A.impetusB.inputC.imitationD.initiative问题4选项A.sourcesB

45、.abundanceC.shortageD.reduction问题5选项A.hardlyB.entirelyC.onlyD.even问题6选项A.BecauseB.AsC.SinceD.Although问题7选项A.unanimouslyB.sharplyC.predominantlyD.militarily问题8选项A.thereforeB.consequentlyC.howeverD.moreover问题9选项A.overB.inC.atD.about问题10选项A.formulatingB.labelingC.patentingD.licensing问题11选项A.outsetB.out

46、breakC.breakthroughD.breakdown问题12选项A.againB.thusC.repeatedlyD.yet问题13选项A.circumstanceB.occasionC.caseD.situation问题14选项A.regulatingB.summoningC.allocatingD.transferring问题15选项A.expandedB.facilitatedC.supplementedD.compensated问题16选项A.byB.afterC.ofD.for问题17选项A.pensionsB.subsidiesC.revenuesD.budgets问题18

47、选项A.prevalentlyB.furiouslyC.statisticallyD.drastically问题19选项A.abolishedB.diminishedC.jeopardizedD.precluded问题20选项A.nurseriesB.homesC.jobsD.children【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D第6题:D第7题:B第8题:C第9题:A第10题:A第11题:B第12题:A第13题:B第14题:C第15题:C第16题:D第17题:B第18题:D第19题:A第20题:C【解析】1.考查上下文语境。由第一句“In the United State

48、s, the first day nursery was opened in 1854”可知，美国在1854年开办了第一家日间托儿所。所以托儿所应该是在19世纪后半叶才开始形成。因此本题正确答案为A选项。Latter为形容词，表示次序在后的，后面的。2.考查代词用法。most of后面加人称代词，指代前文出现的nurseries，因此正确答案为B选项。3.考查名词辨析。由句意可知，第一次世界大战期间，人力的缺乏造成前所未有的妇女就业热潮，所以促进了日间托儿所的发展。因此，本题正确答案为A选项。B选项表示“输入”，C选项表示“模仿”，D选项表示“主动性”。4.考查名词辨析。后文提到“caused

49、 the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women”，由此可见，第一次世界大战引起女性在工业岗位就业出现前所未有的人数，这是因为第一次世界大战造成男性劳动力的短缺。因此，本题正确答案为C选项。A选项表示“来源”，B选项表示“充裕，丰富”，D选项表示“减少”。5.考查副词辨析。由原文句意可知，在欧洲国家，托儿所被建到了军工厂里。正常情况下，军工厂这么危险的地方本不应该建立托儿所，但是现在这样做了，表示确实万般无奈。因此，本题正确答案为D选项。A选项表示“几乎不”，B选项表示“完全，全部地”，C选项表示“仅仅，只是”。6.考查上

50、下文逻辑关系。根据上下文关系可知，这里是让步状语从句。句意表示：尽管美国托儿所也出现了增长，但这一增长是在没有任何政府援助的情况下实现的。因此，本题正确答案为D选项。7.考查副词辨析。根据关键词“also”可知，美国也出现了托儿所数量的剧增。因此本题正确答案为B选项。A选项表示“全体一致地，无异议地”，C选项表示“主要地，占主导地位地”，D选项表示“好战地，激进地”。8.考查上下文逻辑关系。由上文可知，政府没有资助建立托儿所，后现在提到，联邦政府和地方政府开始采取措施来规范管制托儿所。由此可见，上下文之间存在转折的逻辑关系。因此，本题正确答案为C选项。9.考查固定搭配。短语control ov

51、er表示“控制，支配，征服”。因此，正确答案为A选项。10.考查动词辨析。由原文句意可知，然而在第一次世界大战之后的一些年里，联邦政府和当地政府逐渐开始对日间托儿所实施管控，主要是（ ）_他们。A选项表示“阐述，说明”，B选项表示“贴标签，分类”，C选项表示“申请专利”，D选项表示“颁发执照，发许可证”。因此，本题最佳答案为A选项。11.考查名词辨析。A选项表示“开始，开端”，B选项表示“（战争）爆发，（疾病）发作”，C选项表示“突破，突破性进展”，D选项表示“故障，崩溃，分解”。由句意可知，第二次世界大战爆发后，几乎所有国家的日托托儿所数量都迅速增加。因此本题正确答案为B选项。12.考查上下

52、文语义逻辑。与前文信息可得，第一次世界大战期间，男性劳动力的缺乏造成女性就业人数的激增；而第二次世界大战爆发后，女性又一次需要代替男性劳动力去工作，因此本题正确答案为A选项。B选项表示“所以”，C选项表示“重复地，反反复复地”，D选项表示“还；但是，然而”。13.考查固定搭配。短语on this occasion表示“在这种情形下”。其余选项均不能构成固定搭配，因此本题正确答案为B选项。14.考查动词辨析。A选项表示“管理，控制”，B选项表示“召唤，召集”，C选项表示“分配，拨出”，D选项表示“转让，转交，移交”。由句意可知，这次美国政府立即对托儿所给予了资助，因此本题正确答案为C选项。15.

53、考查动词辨析。A选项表示“扩张，发展，展开”，B选项表示“促进，帮助，使容易”，C选项表示“增补，补充”，D选项表示“赔偿，补偿”。由句意可知，许多州和当地社区提供资金作为补充。因此，本题正确答案为C选项。16.考查固定搭配。短语 care for表示“关心，照顾”。因此，本题正确答案为D选项。17.考查名词辨析。A选项表示“养老金，退休金”，B选项表示“补贴，津贴，补助金”，C选项表示“税收，收入”，D选项表示“预算”。由上文可知，联邦政府出资补贴托儿所，因此本题正确答案为B选项。18.考查副词辨析。A选项表示“流行地，普遍地”，B选项表示“狂暴地，猛烈的”，C选项表示“统计地，统计学上地”

54、，D选项表示“剧烈地，猛烈地”。由后文关键信息“. causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation”可知，联邦政府的举措导致托儿所数量减少，说明政府骤减对于托儿所的资助，因此本题正确答案为D选项。19.考查动词辨析。A选项表示“废除，废止，取消”，B选项表示“使减少，降低”，C选项表示“危害，损坏，危及”，D选项表示“排除，妨碍，阻止”。由前文句意可知，政府大量减少对于托儿所的资助，随后又废除了这项支出，所以导致运营中的托儿所数量急剧下降。因此，本题正确答案为A选项。20.考查上下文语境。由上下文语境可知，美

55、国政府以为大多数妇女会在战后离开自己的工作岗位回去照顾孩子，但是这种期望并没有完全实现，说明有些女性期望还能继续工作。由此可见，空缺处所缺单词含义为“工作”，因此本题正确答案为C选项。19. 单选题The council in charge refused to give its（ ）to the building scheme proposes by this joint venture company.问题1选项A.sanctionB.guaranteeC.trustD.confirmation【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。 sanction制裁；guarantee保证，担保；trust

56、信任，信赖；confirmation确实，证实。句意：主管委员会拒绝对这家合资公司提出的建筑方案给予确认。只有D项符合题意。20. 单选题Recently a number of cases have been reported of young children（ ）a violent act previously seen on television.问题1选项A.duplicatingB.acceleratingC.stimulatingD.modifying【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。duplicate复制；accelerate加速，促进；stimulate刺激，鼓舞；modify修改，修饰。从前后语义可推测儿童与从电视上看到的暴力行为之间的关系，应该是儿童模仿电视上的暴力行为。故A项正确。句意：最近有一些儿童模仿电视上的暴力行为的报道。