2022年考博英语-广西大学考试题库及模拟押密卷55（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-广西大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题I was trying to read the directions（ ）and absurd.问题1选项A.which was confusedB.which were confusingC.that was confusedD.they were confusing【答案】B【解析】句意:我正尝试阅读这令人困惑而且荒谬的说明。语法题。考查定语从句。先行词是名词复数directions，因此，which was confused 和 that was confused 错误。而 D 项 they were con R

2、ising 不是定语从句，不符合句法结构，因此答案选B。2. 单选题Coffee is the（ ）of this district and brings local farmers a lot of money.问题1选项A.majorityB.stapleC.spiceD.elite【答案】B【解析】句意:咖啡是这个地区的主要产品，给当地农民带来很多收入。考查名词辨析。majority 大部分，大多数；staple 主要产品，订书钉，主食；spice 香料，调味品，风味；elite 上层人士，掌权人物，精英。故B项符合句意。3. 单选题Our mad attempts to avoid b

3、oredom uphold a profitable corner of the entertainment industry, while the variety of books, websites, TV programs and videos aimed at children and called Boredom Killers suggests that ennui，has no age restriction. This is no new development - obsessive texting is hardly on a level with watching lio

4、ns rip gladiators to shreds for entertainment, and, as the British public seem to be moving on to a stage where fox-hunting is no longer seen as a justifiable, fun diversion, we must be doing something right. However, some experts have recently pointed out that obsessive avoidance of boredom (apart

5、from being quite dull in itself - have you ever tried to have a decent conversation with an extreme sports enthusiast?) denies access to the certain kind of mental space which boredom brings and in doing so leaves us creatively and spiritually malnourished. In other words, boredom is becoming a lost

6、 art form.Steven Winn of the San Francisco Chronicle puts it in a recent article: “As more and more people seem to recognize, the universal experience of being bored -unengaged, detached, afloat in some private mental inactivity - may be far more precious, fruitful and even profound than a surface u

7、nderstanding might suggest. As ordinary as grey skies and equally pervasive, boredom deserves its own sun-splashed attention and celebration.This is a very particular understanding of what boredom is, and perhaps this very problem of definition is what lies at the root of the supposed debate. On the

8、 one hand, boredom can be defined as a state of listlessness, a lack of interest in that which surrounds us and a general sense of ennui. Of this particular definition, Saul Steinberg wrote, “The life of the creative man is led, directed and controlled by boredom. Avoiding boredom is one of our most

9、 important purposes. So in this case, boredom is something we flee from in horror.Another conception of boredom is of a blank, private mental space, invaluable for relaxing and for the fermentation of creative juices. It is this type of boredom which is considered by some to be a lost art form. Info

10、rmational overload from all quarter means that there can often be very little time for personal thought, reflection, or even just zoning out. With a mobile that is constantly switched on and a surplus of entertainments available to distract the marked eye, it is understandable that some people find

11、it difficult to actually get bored in that particular restlessness, introspective kind of way.1. The word ennui (Line 3, Para. 1) most probable means（ ）.2. Boredom is becoming a lost art form because people（ ）.3. According to Steven Winn, which of the following is true about boredom?4. From the pass

12、age, we can learn that boredom（ ）.5. A suitable title for the passage might be（ ）.问题1选项A.avoiding boredomB.lack of creativityC.love of entertainmentD.the feeling of having nothing to do问题2选项A.are deprived of deep thoughtB.are abandoning old-fashioned amusementC.indulge in entertainmentD.have no priv

13、ate space问题3选项A.It is a common problem of human beings.B.It is always feared by creative men.C.It is important to recognize its significance.D.It is more valuable than entertainment.问题4选项A.has two contradictory definitionsB.has both strong and weak pointsC.is a source of art creationD.is dying in th

14、e information age问题5选项A.Life without BoredomB.The Influence of Modern EntertainmentC.Two Types of BoredomD.The Significance of Boredom【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.词义题。文章第一句指出: 为儿童设计并被称为“无聊杀手”的书籍、网站、电视节目、音像制品表明“ennui”没有年龄界限。因此推测，ennui是属于“无聊”之意的范畴，故选D项“一种没事可干的感觉”。2.细节事实题。通过题干关键词a lost art form定位

15、至第一段最后一句: 然而，一些专家最近指出，强迫性地逃避无聊使人无法进入无聊带来的某种思维空间，这使我们在创造力和精神上 都处于营养不良的状态。换句话说，无聊成了一种“逝去的艺术形式”。以及最后一段: 正是这种无聊被一些人视为逝去的艺术形式。从四面八方涌来的过多的信息意味着很少有时间可用于个人思考、深思、或者仅仅“溜号”。因 此，综合考虑，无聊可以提供某种思维空间，但是现代社会充斥着过多的信息， 从而使得这种思考空间成为“逝去的艺术形式”。故选A项“被剥夺了深入思考”。3.判断推理题。根据题干关键词Steven Winn定位至第二段: the universal experience of b

16、eing bored may be far more precious, fruitful and even profound than a surface understanding might suggest (普遍的无聊经历可能比表面看起来的要更加珍贵、更有成效、甚至更深刻)以及boredom deserves its own sun-splashed attention and celebration (无聊应受到阳光灿烂般的关注和赞美),因此可看出，Steven Winn认为， 无聊（其意义和积极影响）值得关注。4.判断推理题。A:两个定义相互矛盾。B:有优劣之分。文章的第三段和第四

17、段分别谈及“无聊”的两种看法，但是不是相互矛盾，而且也无优劣之分，故排除A项和B项。C:是艺术创作的源泉。第四段第一句指出:无聊给予了人们独立思考的空间，因而对于艺术创造是极其珍贵的,但是并不能说无聊就是艺术创作的源泉，故排除C项。D:消亡于信息时代。根据第四段可知:无聊被称之为“逝去的艺术形 式”是因为繁杂的信息意味着用于有利于艺术创造的思考时间很少，即“无聊”的时间很少了，因此选D。5.主旨大意题。文章谈及对“无聊”的两种看法，并且提出“无聊”已经成了“逝去的艺术形式”这一主要观点。因此，D项“无聊的意义”比较适合做文章标题。4. 单选题What he said just now had

18、little to do with the question discussion （ ）.问题1选项A.onB.inC.underD.at【答案】C【解析】句意:他刚才说的话和正在讨论的问题关系不大。考查固定搭配。Under discussion 在讨论中。5. 单选题The government makes rich pensioners richer stillBRITAINS pensioners are a cosseted lot. Since 2011 their state pensions have been protected by the “triple lock?” w

19、hich ensures they rise along with prices, warnings or 2.5%, whichever is higher. Perks for the old such as free TV licenses and bus passes and an annual winter handout to help with heating have all survived austerity. Government bonds paying well above the market rate of interest have just been made

20、 available exclusively to those aged 65 and over. Is all this generosity justified?Pensioners are poorer than working-age people-almost all have incomes below the national average. But they are treated better by the state. For any given private income, retirees equalized disposable income-that is, m

21、oney available to spend after the deduction of taxes and payment of benefits, and adjusted to account for household sizeis higher than that of younger peopleThe state pension, currently worth about 6.000 (around $9,000) a year, accounts for much of the discrepancy. It is often seen as a reward for p

22、ast contributions, not as a pure benefit, but this is dubious: pensions are funded by todays taxpayers. Even if pensions are counted as private income, the richest pensioners still do well from the state. They do not pay national insurance (a tax levied only on earned income) on their private pensio

23、ns, leaving more money for cruises and conservatories.On January 27th, in an interview with the Daily Telegraph newspaper, David Cameron promised that a future Conservative government would remove housing benefit from 18- to 21-years-olds-a group that suffers from higher-than-average unemployment an

24、d already receives less generous welfare payments. Meanwhile, the silver-haired who will benefit most from the governments new bonds are those who can afford to stash away the full 20,000 limitmore than a years income for most pensioners. Its a good time to be rich and old.1. “Austerity in line 5, p

25、aragraph 1 means（ ）.2. Which of the following is true?3. Discrepancy in line 2, paragraph 3 refers to（ ）.4. In British, retirees can go for cruises and conservatories, because（ ）.5. Why it is a good time to be rich and old in British, because（ ）.问题1选项A.economic depression.B.simplicityC.contradiction

26、D.financial retrenchment问题2选项A.The retirees earn more than the younger peopleB.The retirees are free of taxesC.The retires almost all has lower incomes.D.The retirees are all well paid.问题3选项A.difference in income between the retirees and the working people.B.difference in life between the retirees a

27、nd the working people.C.difference in attitudes between the retirees and the working peopleD.different in reward between the retirees and the working people.问题4选项A.they do not pay national insurance on their private pensions.B.they earn more money than the younger peopleC.they have more time than th

28、e younger peopleD.they got a reward for Their past contributions问题5选项A.8- to 21-year-olds-a group receives generous welfare paymentsB.the silver-haired benefit most from the government.C.there are less people over 65.D.they have made great contribution to the country.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析

29、】1.词义题。根据题干定位至第一段: Perks for the old such as free TV licenses and bus passes and an annual winter handout to help with heating have all survived austerity (给老人们的附带福利，比如免费电视许可、巴士通行证以及每 年发放的保暖健康手册在财政紧缩的当下统统保留了下来)。因此，此处谈及英国养老金额外津贴的发放背景，因此，选项中，只有D项符合“austerity 筒朴，朴素，节衣缩食”符合语境。2.判断推理题。各选项为:A:退休人员的收入比年轻人高

30、。B:退休人员免税。C:退休人员几乎都收入较低。D:退休人员的工资都很高。第二段指出: Pensioners are poorer than working-age peoplealmost all have incomes below the national average. But they are treated better by the state. For any given private income, retirees equalized disposable incomethat is, money available to spend after the deducti

31、on of taxes and payment of benefits, and adjusted to account for household sizeis higher than that of younger people (退休老人的收入低于正在工作的人们大多数老人只能拿到低于国家 平均工资水平的退休金。但是国家更优待他们。对于任何有固定收入的个人，退休人员的可支配收入在交税和支付福利后并按照家庭收入比例作出调整的可支配金额比年轻人的收入要高得多)，因此，A项正确，B项错误，C和D项表述过于绝对。3.词义题。对于“Discrepancy” 的理解可参考此句: For any giv

32、en private income, retirees equalized disposable income is higher than that of younger people (对于任何有固定收入的个人，退休人员的可支配收入比年轻人的收入要高得多)。因此，A项“退 休人员和在职工人之间的收入差异”正确。4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词cruises and conservatories定位至倒数第二段: They do not pay national insurance (a tax levied only on earned income) on their private pe

33、nsions, leaving more money for cruises and conservatories (他们不需要为自己的养老金支付国民保险(仅针对自营收入征收的税种)，这样就有了更多的钱去旅游和听音乐会)。因此，A项“他们不需要为自己的养老金支付国民保险”正确。5.细节事实题。全文在谈及老年人的养老金和老年人其他的福利，这都是因为政府的相关政策的支持。因此选B项“发白如银的老人从政府那里受益最多”。6. 单选题You forgot your keys when you left home in the morning.Good heavens,（ ）.问题1选项A.so did

34、 I.B.so I did.C.so you did.D.so did you.【答案】B【解析】句意:早上，你离开家的吋候，忘记拿钥匙了。天啦，是的！语法题。考查省略。第一句的you和第二句的I是同一个人。根据句意关系， 后句是表示同意上文陈述的内容，而第一句主句的动词是forgot （过去时），因此“sol did”表示“确实”，符合句意和结构，助动词需与前文保持时态一致。因此B项正确。7. 单选题Years after the accident he was still（ ）by images of death and destruction.问题1选项A.twistedB.dipped

35、C.hauntedD.submerged【答案】C【解析】句意:事故过去好多年后，他的脑中仍萦绕着死亡和毁灭的画面。考查动词辨析。twist 扭曲，扭动；dip浸，蘸；haunt 萦绕；submerge 淹没，沉入水中。因此C符合句意。8. 单选题We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral im

36、munologist (免疫学家)Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks tiog24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the whe

37、el it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shockLaudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the e

38、xperience itself, is what weakens the immune system.Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli dont develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. B

39、ut if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.On

40、e of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned (使形成条件反射)mice to avoid saccharin (糖精)by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them

41、 with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the dru

42、g, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to skill them.1. Lau

43、denslagers experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off theelectricity（ ）.2. According to the passage, the experience of helplessness causes rats to（ ）.33. The reason why the mice in Aders experiment avoided saccharin was that（ ）.4. The passage tells us that the most pro

44、bable reason for the death of the mice in Aders experimentwas that（ ）.5. It can be concluded from the passage that the immune systems of animals（ ）. 问题1选项A.was strengthenedB.was not affectedC.was alteredD.was weakened问题2选项A.try to control unpleasant stimuliB.turn off the electricityC.behave passivel

45、y in controllable situationsD.become abnormally suspicious问题3选项A.they disliked its tasteB.it affected their immune systemC.it led to stomach painsD.they associated it with stomachaches问题4选项A.they had been weakened psychologically by the saccharinB.the sweetener was poisonous to themC.their immune sy

46、stems had been altered by the mindD.they had taken too much sweetener during earlier conditioning问题5选项A.can be weakened by conditioningB.can be suppressed by drug infectionsC.can be affected by frequent doses of saccharinD.can be altered by electric shocks【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段

47、倒数第二句指出: Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity (Laudenslager发现，无助老鼠（不能关掉电流的老鼠） 的免疫功能被削弱至低于正常水平，但是，对于那些能切断电流的老鼠的免疫 功能则不会受到影响)。因此B项“不受影响”正确。2.细节事实题。第二段第三句指出: But if the animals are confronted wit

48、h situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control (但是，如果动物有（老鼠）面对过控制不了的情况， 那么，以后即使在自己能够控制的情况下，其反应也是消极的)，因此C项“在可控制的情况下，表现得消极”正确。3.细节事实题。第三段指出: Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweeten

49、er (将糖精与胃疼关联 后，老鼠很快学会避免糖精)。因此，选D项“他们与胃疼有关联”。4.判断推理题。第三段举例是为了证明该段中心句，即: .how the mind can alter the immune response.(思想是如何改变/影响免疫系统)，故选C项“它们的免疫系统被其思想改变了”。5.判断推理题。第三段中Ader的实验说明通过各种具体手段使动物形成某种条件反射就能削弱其免疫功能。因此，A项“条件反射可能减弱免疫系统”正确。9. 单选题Senior government figures（ ）in the cover-up.问题1选项A.could have acquire

50、dB.must have acquiescedC.might have doneD.will have required【答案】B【解析】句意:政府高级官员必然已经默许掩盖真相。考查短语辨析。空格处动词与in搭配，后面接宾语cover-up (掩盖，掩饰)。Acquiesce in sth. 默然接受；默许；顺从。10. 单选题（ ）he（ ）a synopsis of a story（ ）he would summon a crowd of his friendsto his house and read it aloud to them.问题1选项A.No sooner did. have

51、.thanB.As soon as. had thenC.No sooner did .have.thatD.No sooner.had.than【答案】A【解析】句意:他刚有了一个故事的概要，就把一群朋友们叫到家听他朗读。语法题。考查倒装。 “No sooner did （had）.than.”表示 “一就”。此固定结构引导吋间状语从句，位于句首，需要部分倒装。因此只有A正确。11. 单选题THE old Rack space headquarters was stuffed to the gills. In 2007 the company, which offers （1）and web

52、-hosting services, had more than 1,000 employees in downtown San Antonio. People were crammed at（2）tables in the hallway. They often had to go to a different building or（3）the lifts to talk to people in other departments.Still, when Graham Weston, the companys co-founder and chairman, suggested that

53、 they （4）a shopping mall, staff were（5）The mall was vacant. Its site, the encircled suburb of Wind crest, was slightly grotty, not least（6）the huge dead mall right off the highway.Building a campus from scratch, however, would have taken several years at least. Anyway. The place was cheap. “Nobody w

54、ants a mall anymore. says John Engates, the chief technology officer. Except Rack space, and others like it, who have come to see a（7） mall as a blank canvas? In 2008 it opened its new headquarters, and won a prize for community economic development. Now it has more than 3,000 workers on site, with

55、plans to hire hundreds（8）by the end of the year.Plenty of enclosed malls are, of course,（9）thriving. And after several abstemious years, shoppers are（10）.In February, according to the Commerce Department, retail sales were 1.1% higher than they had been in January-higher than （11）, and a welcome sig

56、n of recovery.But many American malls had（12）before the recession started, and the countrys nascent recovery is not likely to（13）them. Americas retail sector is probably overbuilt; in the fourth quarter of 2011，according to the National Association of Realtors, its（14）rate was 16.9%. Mass are vulner

57、able to systemic shocks; if an anchor stores closes, or if vacancies linger, other vendors quickly suffer. And（15）the malls that were built in the heyday of the genre are starting to look shop soiled. The new fashion is for mixed-use developments, or the outdoor malls that are designed to look like

58、a friendly downtown shopping district. In some cities, people are returning to actual downtown shopping districts, as new urbanists always dreamed they would.问题1选项A.cloud-computingB.cloud-computedC.cloud-computeD.cloud computer问题2选项A.unfoldingB.foldC.foldingD.folding问题3选项A.shuttle aroundB.go upC.go

59、aroundD.shuttle问题4选项A.go intoB.move intoC.take intoD.walk into问题5选项A.happyB.skepticalC.sadD.depressed问题6选项A.due toB.becauseC.because ofD.as问题7选项A.deadB.dirtyC.greatD.shopping问题8选项A.fewerB.moreC.lesD.little问题9选项A.tillB.evenC.stillD.yet问题10选项A.shrinkingB.reducingC.dropping downD.perking up问题11选项A.expe

60、ctationB.imaginedC.imaginationD.expected问题12选项A.become troubleB.troublesC.run into troubleD.arouse troubles问题13选项A.findB.reviveC.saveD.help问题14选项A.vacancyB.vacantC.reservedD.hooked问题15选项A.few ofB.many ofC.much ofD.little of【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B第6题:C第7题:A第8题:B第9题:C第10题:D第11题:D第12题:C第13题:B第14题

61、:A第15题:B【解析】1.考查词义辨析。And连接空格和“web-hosting services网络托管服务”, 因此此处应该表示“云计算”。故选A项。2.考查词义辨析。根据“crammed塞满的”和空格处所修饰的名词“tables桌子”可知，此处表示“折叠桌”。3.考查短语辨析。shuttle around 穿梭；go up 上升；go around走访；shuttle频繁往来，往返运送。前文谈及地方拥挤，他们需要跑到另一栋楼，而且根据后面的“lift电梯”可知A符合句意。4.考查短语辨析。该处句意为:建议他们搬进商场。Go into 进入，从事；move into 搬进；take in

62、to 无此搭配； walk into 走进。故选B项。5.考查形容词辨析。happy 快乐的，高兴的；skeptical 怀疑的；sad 悲哀的，难过的；depressed 抑郁的，沮丧的。此处表示“当公司的创建人之一兼主席Graham Weston表示他们要搬到一家购物中心时，员工们都还持怀疑态度”，故选B项。6.考查短语辨析。空格前后是直接的因果关系，而且空格后是名词性结构，因此选C项。7.考查形容词辨析。前文谈及到“空置的商城”，以及根据后文“as a blank canvas作为一块空白的画布”可知，此处应该选A项“dead死去的；无感觉的；呆板的” 修饰“mall商城”，因此A项正确。8.考查形容词辨析。根据前后可知此处