2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考前模拟强化练习题43（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Its hardly news that the immigration system is a mess. Foreign nationals have long been slipping across the border with fake papers, and visitors who arrive in the U.S. legitimately often overstay their legal welcome without being punished. But since Sept.11, it

2、s become clear that terrorists have been shrewdly factoring the weaknesses of our system into their plans. In addition to their mastery of forging passports, at least three of the 19 Sept. 11 hijackers were hear on expired visas. Thats been a safe bet until now. The Immigration and Naturalization Se

3、rvice (INS) lacks the resources, and apparently the inclination, to keep track of the estimated 2 million foreigners who have intentionally overstayed their welcome.But this laxness toward immigration fraud may be about to change. Congress has already taken some modest steps. The U.S.A. Patriot Act,

4、 passed in the wake of the Sept. 11 tragedy, required the FBI, the Justice Department, the State Department and the INS to share more data, which will make it easier to stop watch-listed terrorists at the border.But whats really needed, critics say, is even tougher laws and more resources aimed at t

5、ightening up border security. Reformers are calling for a rollback of rules that hinder law enforcement. They also want the INS to hire hundreds more border patrol agents and investigators to keep illegal immigrants out and to track them down once theyre here. Reformers also want to see the INS set

6、up a database to monitor whether visa holders actually leave the country when they are required to.All these proposed changes were part of a new border-security bill that passed the House of Representatives but died in the Senate last week. Before Sept. 11, legislation of this kind had been blocked

7、by two powerful lobbies, universities, which rely on tuition from foreign students who could be kept out by the new law, and business, which relies on foreigners for cheap labor. Since the attacks, theyve backed off. The bill would have passed this time but for congressional maneuverings and is expe

8、cted to be reintroduced and to pass next year.Also on the agenda for next year a proposal, backed by some influential law-makers, to split the INS into two agencies-as good cop that would tend to service functions like processing citizenship papers and a bad cop that would concentrate on border insp

9、ections deportation and other functions. One reason for the division, supporter say, is that the INS has in recent years become too focused on serving tourists and immigrants. After the Sept. 11 tragedy, the INS should pay more attention to serving the millions of ordinary Americans who rely on the

10、nations border security to protect them from terrorist attacks.1.Terrorists have obviously taken advantage of（ ）.2.We learn from the passage that coordinated efforts will be made by various U.S. Government agencies to（ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that before Sept, 11, aliens with expired

11、 visas（ ）.4.It is believed by many that all these years the INS（ ）.5.Before Sept，11，the U.S. Congress had been unable to pass stricter immigration laws because （ ）.问题1选项A.the legal privileges granted to foreignersB.the excessive hospitality of the American peopleC.the irresponsibility of the officia

12、ls at border checkpointsD.the low efficiency of the immigration and Naturalization Service问题2选项A.Refuse the renewing of expired visas.B.ward off terrorist suspects at the borderC.prevent the forgery of immigration papersD.limit the number of immigrants to the U.S问题3选项A.might have them extended witho

13、ut troubleB.would be closely watched by FBI agentsC.might stay on for as long as they wishedD.would live in constant fear of deportation问题4选项A.has been serving two contradictory functionsB.has been too liberal in granting visas to tourists and immigrants indiscriminatelyC.has over-emphasized its ser

14、vice functions at the expense of the nations securityD.has ignored the picas of the two powerful lobbies问题5选项A.they might have kept away foreign students and cheap laborB.it was difficult to coordinate the efforts of the congressmenC.education and business circles cared little about national securit

15、yD.resources were not available for their enforcement【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段第三句提到“但是自911事件以来，很明显的是恐怖分子们狡猾地利用了美国移民系统的弱点来实施他们的计划”（But since Sept.11, its become clear that terrorists have been shrewdly factoring the weaknesses of our system into their plans），选项D“移民规划服务的低效率”符合题意。2

16、.细节事实题。文章第二段最后一句提到“更容易将黑名单上的恐怖分子挡在国境之外”（which will make it easier to stop watch-listed terrorists at the border），选项B符合题意。3.细节事实题。文章第一段第二句提到“合法到美国的游客经常超过其合法停留时间而不受处罚”（and visitors who arrive in the U.S. legitimately often overstay their legal welcome without being punished），因此选项C“能一直待下去”符合题意。4.细节事实题。

17、文章最后一段最后两句话提到“支持者认为造成这种分歧的一个原因是移民规划局近来过于关注游客和移民服务。911事件后，移民管理局应该为数百万依赖美国边境安全的普通美国人服务”（One reason for the division, supporter say, is that the INS has in recent years become too focused on serving tourists and immigrants. After the Sept. 11 tragedy, the INS should pay more attention to serving the mi

18、llions of ordinary Americans who rely on the nations border security to protect them from terrorist attacks）。选项C“以国家安全为代价来过分重视它的服务功能”符合题意。5.细节事实题。文章第四段第二句提到“在911事件之前，这类法案被两个强大的游说团体阻扰：一个是依赖外国留学生缴纳学费的各大高校，一个是依赖廉价劳动力的工商界，而留学生和劳动力都有可能因此而被拒绝入境”（Before Sept. 11, legislation of this kind had been blocked b

19、y two powerful lobbies, universities, which rely on tuition from foreign students who could be kept out by the new law, and business, which relies on foreigners for cheap labor），选项A“可能组织留学生和外国廉价劳动力”符合题意。2. 单选题During the 1992 presidential campaign a new media star emerged-Virginia Kelley, the mother

20、of candidate Clinton, who died of breast cancer this past January. It was she who created the Clinton lore; throughout the campaign she told how 14-year-old Bill had stood up to his drunken, abusive stepfather one night to protect Virginia and his little brother. She also told with great effective h

21、ow young Clinton had come back home with stars in his eyes after meeting JFK at Boys Nation in Washington. She knew then, she said, that he would go into public service. She also created her own lore-four husbands, an up-and-down nursing career, and her passion for makeup (she even wore it to bed in

22、 case she got a call from the hospital in the middle of the night). She simply won the public over with her candor and lack of pretense.Now these oft-told are told again in Leading With My Heart, by Virginia Kelley with James Morgan.Not surprisingly, the stories feel familiar here, especially since

23、the book arrives just a few months after a batter of obituaries of Mrs. Kelley. But the book has another problem: as is often the case with co-written memoirs, it feels inauthentic. Written in a prosaic, colorless style, this doesnt sound the way we imagine Mrs. Kelley talked. There are no Southern

24、locutions, and the grammar is impeccable. Where are the spicy stories or the occasional “damn” or “hell”？Coke-bottle glasses: Anyone approaching this celebrity book with an eye for gossip will also be disappointed. What feels fresh, though, is Mrs. Kelleys descriptions of her shock at meeting Hillar

25、y Rodham when Bill brought her home from Yale Law School. The young woman wore Coke-bottle Glasses, no makeup and had perfectly hair-nothing like the Dixie beauty queens that Clinton usually dated. She was also a blunt Yankee, and not adept at Southern blarney. “There was almost a kind of cultural t

26、ension between Mother and Hillary.” said Clinton. “I guess thats as good a way to put it as any.” replies his mother. But there was no going back: “I want you to pray for me. Pray that its I Hilary. Because Ill tell you this: for me its Hillary or its nobody,” he told his unhappy mother. “I couldnt

27、stand it，” she writes. “Here was this woman 1 didnt understand, didnt feel comfortable with. And she was all he wanted.”Theres a lot thats moving about Mrs. Kelleys story, partly because of the way she handles her final illness. “You cant tell my sons about my condition,” she tells her shocked docto

28、r. She may have had a disaffected mother and a parade of mostly bad marriages. But in the last year of her life, she also had a memory granted to few parents-the thrill of attending her sons Inauguration and the gala that night. “What a night it had been” she wrote. -a magical evening.”1.Virginia Ke

29、lly might be best characterized as（ ）.2.Virginia Kelly believed her son was motivated to go into public service by his （ ）.3.The “book arrives just a few months after a battery of obituaries The underlined words suggest that-Kelleys death was（ ）.4.According to the reviewer, the style of Leading With

30、 My Hear is（ ）.5.Hillary differed from Clintons former dates primarily in（ ）.问题1选项A.genuineB.moroseC.pitiableD.elitist问题2选项A.difficult childhoodB.meeting with President KennedyC.law studies at YaleD.desire to change the world问题3选项A.honored with artillery fireB.mourned nationwideC.marked by numerous

31、death noticesD.ignored by the press问题4选项A.vivid and interestingB.refined but southernC.monotonous and blandD.earthy but incredible问题5选项A.being educated as a lawyerB.wearing stylish glassesC.being indifferent to her appearanceD.being a direct northerner【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“V

32、irginia Kelley的性格能被最好地定义为”。文章第一段最后一句提到“她的坦率和不装腔作势赢得了大众的信任”（She simply won the public over with her candor and lack of pretense），因此选项A“真诚的”符合题意。2.推理判断题。题目问的是“Kelley认为她的儿子是受他的激励而加入公共事务”。文章第一段第二至第四句提到了克林顿勇敢面对他醉酒并虐待他们的继父，Kelley在认识克林顿之后认为他会从事公共事务（She knew then, she said, that he would go into public serv

33、ice），由此可推测克林顿是想改变世界，因此选项D符合题意。3.推理判断题。题目问的是“这里划线的句子（书是在她的一连串的讣告登出几个月之后才出版的）暗示凯丽夫人的逝世”。由这里的“book arrives just a few months”（几个月后），说明出版社忽视了凯丽夫人的死。选项D符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“评论员认为Leading With My Hear的风格是”。文章第二段第三句提到“但是这本书有个问题：由于是合著回忆录，所以感觉不真实”（But the book has another problem: as is often the case with co-w

34、ritten memoirs, it feels inauthentic），因此选项D“朴实但不可信”符合题意。5.推理判断题。题目问的是“希拉里跟克林顿先前的约会对象的主要区别在于”。文章第三段提到“这位年轻女士戴着可乐瓶眼睛，没有化妆，发型完美一点也不像克林顿经常约会的迪克西美女女王们”（The young woman wore Coke-bottle Glasses, no makeup and had perfectly hair-nothing like the Dixie beauty queens that Clinton usually dated），因此选项C“不注重外表”符

35、合题意。3. 单选题If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.If you say to your children “Im sorry I got angry with you, but.what follows that “but” can render the apology ineffective: “

36、I had a bad day” or “your noise was giving me a headache” leaves the person who has been injured felling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say “Im sorry youre upset”; this sugg

37、ests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should

38、 promise never to do again. Saying “Im useless as a parent” does not commit a person to any specific improvement.These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore

39、 not resort to these pseudo-apologies.But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmat

40、e over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other childrens expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parents clothes

41、 without permission is not.1.If a mother adds “but” to an apology（ ）.2.According to the author, saying “Im sorry youre upset” mostly probably means（ ）.3.It is not advisable to use the general, all-covering apology because（ ）.4.We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry（

42、）.5.It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is （ ）.问题1选项A.she doesnt feel that she should have apologizedB.she does not realize that the child has been hurtC.the child may find the apology easier to acceptD.the child may feel that he owes her an apology问题2选项A.You have good reas

43、on to get upsetB.Im aware youre upset, but Im not to blameC.1 apologize for hurting your feelingsD.Im at fault for making you upset问题3选项A.it gets one into the habit of making empty promisesB.it may make the other person feel guiltyC.it is vague and ineffectiveD.it is hurtful and insulting问题4选项A.the

44、complexities involved should be ignoredB.their ages should be taken into accountC.parents need to set them a good exampleD.parents should be patient and tolerant问题5选项A.a social issue calling for immediate attention.B.not necessary among family membersC.a sign of social progressD.not as simple as it

45、seem【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“如果一个母亲在道歉后加一个但是”。文章第二段提到“但是后面的内容可以让该道歉变得无效”（what follows that “but” can render the apology ineffective），选项D“小孩可能会觉得自己还欠母亲一个道歉”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，很抱歉让你烦恼了意味着”。文章第三段提到“这表明你在某种程度上是错误的，让你自己因为他人的所作所为感到烦恼”（this suggests that you are somehow at fault

46、 for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done），选项B“我意识到你心烦了，但这不是我的错”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“不建议使用笼统的、涵盖一切的道歉是因为”。文章第四段对“笼统道歉”的解释是避免需要去提及特别令人受伤或者受辱的具体行为，道歉的人应该承诺不会再犯（which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the p

47、erson who is apologizing should promise never to do again），这种道歉并不会起作用，比如“我是一个无用的家长”，并不会让一个人去具体改进，因此这种含糊其辞的道歉是不可取的，选项C符合题意。4.推理判断题。题目问的是“从最后一段教小孩子道歉可知”。文章最后一段提到“但是即使孩子看到了真诚悔过的例子，他们仍然需要帮助去认识到道歉的复杂性”（But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware o

48、f the complexities of saying sorry），随后举了不同年龄阶段的孩子应该怎样教授道歉，由此可以推断在教小孩子道歉时，年龄是需要考虑的因素，选项B符合题意。5.推理判断题。题目问的是“从文章中可知，适当的道歉”。文章提到了道歉需要技巧；道歉并没有那么简单，在教授孩子道歉时要考虑其年龄等，说明道歉并没有看上去那么容易，选项D符合题意。4. 翻译题Put the following two passages into Chinese.While absorbing the outstanding achievements of foreign cultures, we

49、cannot be satisfied with simple imitation. Indulgence in simple imitation would deprive us of creativity so that we will not be able to achieve a new artistic sophistication or present our own excellent works to the world. Simple imitation cannot be equated to new conception at all. The latter is a

50、combination of modem and traditional style, a combination of foreign nations and our own nations characteristics, and a combination of artistic and educational quality.Peace and development are the two main themes of the world today. Maintaining global peace, enhancing friendship and cooperation, an

51、d promoting common development are the common aspirations of all peoples. At present, worldwide stability and development are threatened by such serious problems as poverty, unemployment, refugee flows, crimes, population explosion, environmental degradation, drug abuse, and terrorism. Though differ

52、ent in their national conditions, China said western countries share broad common interests on a wide range of major international issues. I am happy to see the improvement and expansion of Chinas relations with them. The Chinese Government and people stand ready to make a contribution to the lofty

53、cause of peace and development together with the governments and peoples of all countries, including those of western countries, on the basis of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit.【答案】在吸收外国文化的优秀成果时，我们不能满足于单纯的模仿。沉溺于单纯模仿会让我们失去创造力，致使我们无法达到一个新的艺术程度或向世界展示我们自己的优秀作品。单纯的模仿无法等同于新观念。后者是现代风格与传统风格的结合，是

54、外国特色与本国特色的结合，是艺术素质与教育素质的结合。和平与发展是当今世界的两大主题。维护世界和平、增进友谊与合作、促进共同发展是各国人民的共同愿望。当前，贫困、失业、难民流动、犯罪、人口爆炸、环境恶化、毒品泛滥、恐怖主义等严重问题威胁着世界的稳定和发展。中国表示，尽管西方各国国情不同，但在一系列重大国际问题上有着广泛的共同利益。我很高兴看到中国与他们的关系得到改善与发展。中国政府和人民愿在相互尊重、平等互利的基础上，同包括西方国家在内的各国政府和人民一道，为和平与发展的崇高事业做出贡献。5. 翻译题Put the following two passages into English.众所周

55、知，莎士比亚(Shakespeare)是英国著名的伟大作家，在很多国家，他的许多作品拥有众多读者。我想大家都看过他的著名作品罗米欧与朱丽叶 （Romeo and Juliet),他们之间的爱情令人永生难忘。朱丽叶似乎舍不得罗米欧离开她，正像罗米欧不愿意离开他的朱丽叶一样，对于情人来说，最甜蜜的音乐就是他们在夜间互吐衷肠的声音。我们每个人都应活在这个充满爱的世界里，因此，我们每时每刻都需要你的关爱、你的祈祷和鼓励。我们要相互尊重，相互帮助。我们必须珍惜人生，珍惜生命。 因为生命对每个人来说都只有一次。所以我们都要过一种有意义的生活。如果人生的不幸降临到你的头上，请你也不要放弃，你一定要勇敢地生活

56、，战胜疾病。幸福永远属于那些对生命执着追求的人。【答案】As is known to all, Shakespeare is a famous and great British writer, with numerous readers in many countries. Im sure that everyone has already read his masterpiece, Romeo and Juliet. The love between Romeo and Juliet is always unforgettable. Juliet seems to be reluctant

57、 to let Romeo go from her as Romeo is unwilling to part from his Juliet. For lovers, the sweetest music is the sound of each others tongue at night.Each of us deserves to live in a world of love, so we need your love, your prayers and your encouragement, mutual respect and aid all the time. We must

58、cherish life, for there is only one life for everyone. Therefore, the lifetime should be spent in a meaningful way. No matter what kind of misfortune befalls you, do not give up, instead, you must live bravely to conquer disease. Happiness always belongs to those who pursue life persistently.6. 翻译题P

59、ut the following two passages into Chinese.The Olympic Games can be traced back to the ancient times. The Greeks liked all kinds of sports, because sports made the body strong. The games were held every four years and hundreds of thousands of people gathered on vast flatlands to appreciate the compe

60、tition between athletes from all parts of Greece. The events included running, wrestling, and horse races. There were events for both adults and children. In most of the games, adults and children wore little or no clothing. Instead, oil was spread over the body. The trophy was a laurel made of oliv

61、e leaves. It was the greatest honor to be crowned with a laurel.Hard work enables me to survive the most difficult time in my life abroad, during my first few employments. However, after I joined my current company, my workaholic was soon challenged by my boss. When I called him at home after office

62、 hours for business purpose, he politely reminded me that he preferred talking about work with me later in the office. When the holiday season approached, he always asked me to schedule my leave beforehand. He talked with me about his holiday and also enquired about mine. For him leave is the right,

63、 but also a need.【答案】奥运会可以追溯到古代。希腊人喜欢运动，因为运动能让身体强壮。奥运会每四年一次，成千上万的人聚集在广阔的平地上来观看希腊各地运动员之间的比赛。比赛项目包括跑步、摔跤和赛马。成人和儿童的项目都有。在大部分比赛中，成人和儿童穿得很少或者不穿衣服，全身擦满油。奖杯是用橄榄叶做成的桂冠。被授予桂冠是最高的荣誉。在我最初的几次工作中，努力工作让我度过了在国外生活的最困难时期。然而，在我加入现在的公司后，我的工作狂行为受到了自己老板的挑战。每当我下班后跟他打电话谈论工作时，他礼貌地提醒我他更愿意在上班时间跟我讨论。临近假期时，他总是让我提前安排假期。他经常和我谈论他

64、的假期，也打听我的假期。对于他来说，放假是一种权利，也是一种必要。7. 单选题It was the worst tragedy in maritime history, six times more deadly than the Titanic. When the German cruise ship Wilhelm Gustloff was hit by torpedoes fired to from a Russian submarine in the final winter of World War II，more than 10,000 people-mostly women, children and old people fleeing the final Red Army pus