2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考前模拟强化练习题74（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The boy has admitted to （ ）the window while playing football yesterday.问题1选项A.breakingB.having been brokenC.breakD.be breaking【答案】A【解析】句意: 那个男孩承认在昨天踢足球的时候打破了窗子。语法题。考查动词时态。admit to中的to是介词，后接动词吋需用-ing形式, 排除C，D；并且break是瞬间动词不能用完成时态，故答案选项为A。2. 单选题（ ） me most was that

2、 the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet.问题1选项A.That amazedB.It amazedC.Which amazedD.What amazed【答案】D【解析】句意: 令我吃惊的是，这个在车祸中丧失双臂的年轻人能够用脚拿笔。语法题。考查名词性从句。分析题干可知 me most这部分在整个句子中作主语，因此这部分是主语从句。常用连接词what引导主语从句,故答案选项为D。3. 单选题Mr. Green has recently been（ ）of the

3、company.问题1选项A.appointed to president.B.appointed presidentC.appointed a presidentD.appointed the president【答案】B【解析】句意: 格林先生最近升任公司董事长了。语法题。考查冠词。根据冠词的语法规则,职位前不加冠词。而且appoint是及物动词,后面直接接宾语president。 故选B.4. 单选题The opportunity was almost （ ）grabbed.问题1选项A.too good to beB.too good not to beC.so good to beD

4、.too good【答案】B【解析】句意: 该机会几乎太好了，不可能不被抓住。固定搭配。too+形容词或副词+not to be太不可能不。5. 单选题Salaries for （ ）positions seem to be higher than for permanent ones.问题1选项A.legalB.optionalC.voluntaryD.temporary【答案】D【解析】句意: 做临时性的工作拿到的工资好像比固定工作要高。形容词辨析。Legal法律的，合法的; optional可选择的，随意的; voluntary自愿的; temporary临时的。根据句子已知信息perm

5、anent ones (固定工作)推测D符合句意。6. 单选题The artist and the author both tried to （ ）, the splendor of the sunset问题1选项A.depictB.narrateC.describeD.tell【答案】A【解析】句意: 那位艺术家和那位作家都曾试图描绘日落的壮美。 近义词辨析。depict指用图画或文字描绘事物或人物；narrate更侧重于“叙述，讲述”的意思;describe 指通过描写、描述人或事的外表、性质，使人得到一个清晰地印象；tell的意思是“讲述”；报据题干关键词artist and autho

6、r “艺术家和作家”可知答案选项为A。 7. 单选题Operations which left patients （ ）and in need of long periods of discovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.问题1选项A.exhaustedB.unhealthyC.upsetD.fearful【答案】A【解析】句意: 以前，病人手术后精疲力竭，需长时间才能恢复，现在的手术却让他们感到轻松和舒适。形容词辨析。Exhausted精疲力竭的; unhealthy不健康的; upset苦恼的; fearf

7、ul担心的，可怕的。因此A符合句意。8. 单选题Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people （ ）harm them.问题1选项A.more thanB.other thanC.better thanD.rather than【答案】D【解析】句意: 发展核科学是给人们造福，而不是危害人们。短语辨析。More than多于，超出; other than除了; better than超过，多于; rather than而不是。故选D。9. 单选题Nothing in the history of modem astronom

8、y has excited as much speculation as the object, or event, known as a black hole. Black holes have provided endless imaginative fodder for science fiction writers and endless theoretical fodder for astrophysicists. They are one of the more exotic manifestations of the theory of general relativity, a

9、nd their fascination lies in the way their tremendous gravity affects nearby space and time.A black hole is very simple in structure: it has a surface the event horizon and a center the singularity. Everything else is gravity. The standard model for the formation of a black hole involves the collaps

10、e of a lager star. The imaginary spherical surface surrounding the collapsed star is the event horizon an artificial boundary in pace that marks a point of no return. Outside the event horizon, gravity is strong but finite, and it is possible for objects to break free of its pull. However, once with

11、in the event horizon, an object would need to travel faster than light to escape.For extremely massive stars, the exclusion principle the resistance between the macular particle within the star as they are compressed 一 will not be strong enough to offset the gravity generated by the stars own mass.

12、The stars increasing density will overwhelm the exclusion principle. What follows is runaway gravitational collapse. With no internal force to stop it, the star will simply continue to collapse in on itself. Once a collapsing star has contracted through its event horizon, nothing can stop it from co

13、llapsing further until its entire mass is crushed down to a single point a point of infinite density and zero volume-toe singularity.The star now disappears from the perceivable universe, like a cartoon character that jumps in to a hole and pulls the hole in after him. What this process leaves behin

14、d is a deterrent kind of hole a profound disturbance in space-time, a region where gravity is, so intense that nothing can escape from it. Any object falling within the boundary of a black hole has no choice but to move inward toward the singularity and disappear from our universe forever. Moreover,

15、 a black hole can never be plugged up or filled in with matter: the more matter that is pound into a black hole the bigger it gets.A What would happen to objects, such as astronauts, as they vanished into a black hole? B Physicists have been amusing themselves with this question for years, and most

16、believe that the intense gravitational forces would rip apart the astronauts long before they were crushed at the singularity. C Theoretically, any astronauts who mortgaged to survive the passage would encounter some very strange things. D For instance, they would experience acute time distortion, w

17、hich would enable them to know, in a few brief seconds, the entire future of the universe.Inside a black hole, space arid time are so warped that the distance from the event horizon to the singularity is not a distance in space in the normal sense what we can measure in kilometers. Instead, it becom

18、es a distance in time. The time it takes to reach the singularity from the event horizon as measured by someone falling in is proportional to the mass of the black hole.The only way what astronauts would know whether they had crossed the event horizon would be if tried to halt their fall and climb o

19、ut again by firing their engines enough to push themselves back from the center of the hole. However, because of the time warp, if the astronauts tried to do this, they would reach the singularity faster than if they had left their engines off. Moreover, since they could get no farther once they rea

20、ched the singularity, this point would mark the end of time itself.1.The word fodder in paragraph I is closest in meaning to （ ）.2.The opposing force between the molecular particles inside a star is called（ ）.3.Why does the author mention a cartoon character in paragraph 4?4.Astronaut who fell into

21、a black hole would probably experience all of the following EXCEPT（ ）.5.The phrase “this point” in paragraph seven refers to（ ）.问题1选项A.materialB.stonesC.supportD.problems问题2选项A.general relativityB.the exclusion principleC.infinite densityD.the singularity问题3选项A.To illustrate the complete disappearan

22、ce or a collapsing starB.To warn of the danger of being sucked in to a black holeC.To point out a humorous phenomenon in astrophysicsD.To announce the creation of a cartoon about black holes问题4选项A.distortion of space and timeB.knowledge of the universeC.strong gravitational forcesD.traveling faster

23、than light问题5选项A.the event horizonB.firing their enginesC.the time warpD.the singularity【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.词义题。Fodder所在句为: Black holes have provided endless imaginative fodder for science fiction writers and endless theoretical fodder for astrophysicists (黑洞为科幻小说家提供了无穷无尽的想象素材，也为天体物理学

24、家提供了无尽的理论素材)。其中fodder 词作provide的宾语并且既可以被imaginative修饰也可以被 theoretical修饰，因此A项 “材料,素材”意思最为接近。2.细节事实题。第三段指出: the exclusion principle the resistance between the macular particle within the star as they are compressed will not be strong enough to offset the gravity generated by the stars own mass (排他原理恒星

25、内的黄斑粒子在被压缩时的阻力将不足以抵消恒星自身质量产生的引力)。因此题干 “恒星内部分子粒子间的反作用力”就是排他原理。3.判断推理题。根据题干定位至第四段: The star now disappears from the perceivable universe, like a cartoon character that jumps in to a hole and pulls the hole in after him (这行星从我们的宇宙消失了，就像是一个跳进洞里然后消失在洞里的卡通人物)。由此可知cartoon character 的例子是为了形象说明行星消失的过程，选项A “为

26、了举例说明行星的消失或坍缩”正确。4.细节事实题。关于进入黑洞中的宇航员会经历什么的设想主要集中在文章第五段: the intense gravitational forces would rip apart the astronauts long before they were crushed at the singularity (在宇航员还没到奇点之前就己经被强大的引力撕碎了), 故C“强大的引力”表述正确。they would experience acute time distortion, which would enable them to know, in a few bri

27、ef seconds, the entire future of the universe (他们会经历严重的时间畸变，这会使他们在短短几秒之内了解整个宇宙的未来), 故选项A “畸变的时间和空间”和B“宇宙的知识”表述正确。而D “比光速还快”不属于进入黑洞中的宇航员会经历的事件设想， 故答案为D。5.语义题。this point所在句为: Moreover, since they could get no farther once they reached the singularity, this point would mark the end of time itself (而且,

28、由于当到达奇点后他们就不能继续往前了，这个点将标志着时间的完结)。因此this point指the singularity(奇点)。10. 单选题Henrys close to （ ）his brother made people mistake them for one another.问题1选项A.resemblanceB.identityC.appearanceD.relationship【答案】A【解析】句意: 麦克和弟弟长得十分相像，因此人们常常把他们俩认错。名词辨析。Resemblance相似,后面可接介词to; identity 身份; appearance外貌; relatio

29、nship 关系。因此排除B ,D。另外,没有 “appearance to”的用法, 故选A。11. 单选题Id rather you （ ）anything about it for the time being.问题1选项A.doB.didnt doC.dontD.didnt【答案】B【解析】句意: 我宁愿你目前什么也不要做。语法题。考查虚拟语气。Would rather后面接从句时要用虚拟语气, 表示对现在或将来的虚拟时, 从句的谓语动词用一般过去时。故选B。12. 单选题（ ） for a long time, the fields are all dried up.问题1选项A.T

30、here has been no rainB.Having no rainC.There having been no rainD.There being no rain【答案】C【解析】句意: 由于长时间没下雨，所有的农田都干涸了。语法题。考查there be的非限定性形式。题干后半部分已经是完整句子,因此前半部分应该为独立主格结构,即there be的非限定形式在做状语there being形式。而由题干关键词for a long time判断此处应该用现在完成时。13. 单选题It was last night（ ） I see the comet.问题1选项A.the timeB.wh

31、enC.thatD.whichv【答案】C【解析】句意: 我是昨天晚上看见的彗星。语法题。考查强调句型: It+be+强调部分+that(who/whom)+主谓句。14. 单选题She （ ）fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.问题1选项A.must beB.had beenC.could beD.must have been【答案】D【解析】句意:我第一次在会议上遇见她吋，她可能50岁左右。语法题。 “must have been”表示对过去事实的肯定推测。由句中关键词“ fifty or so 50 岁左右”与 “when

32、 I first met her at the conference” 可知这里表示对己发生的过去情况的一种推测，故选D。15. 翻译题In this section, there are ten English sentences. Translate them into proper Chinese and write the answers on your answer sheet.I came back yesterday from Hong Kong where I had spent two weeks vacation after the completion of the co

33、nstruction job I had been in charge of in the south.As he walked away, he turned for one last glimpse of her in the doorway, tiny and smiling and waving good-bye.Im lonely only when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up.

34、His words failed him for the moment.Theatre will be reinvented and become much freer and more imaginative.Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit.For countless ages the sun rose and set, the moon waxed and waned, the stars shone

35、 in the night, but it was only with the coming of Man that these things were understood.Many sketches are in existence of peasants seated by the roadside and men and women at work in the fields.For 20 years we were passive witnesses to the deterioration of prices of our raw materials and an excessiv

36、e increase of the prices of manufactured goods.The statement declared that the international economic order must be changed or the gap between developed and developing countries would continue to widen.【答案】我在南方负责一项工程建设，任务完成之后，到香港度了两个星期的假，昨天刚回来。当他离开吋，他回过头来看了她最后一眼。只见她站在门口，体态娇小， 面带微笑，挥手向他告别。只有在我过度劳累的吋候

37、，在我长时间不间断地工作的吋候，在我感到 内心空虚，需要充实的吋候，我才会感到寂寞。他一时说不出话来了。戏剧将脱胎换骨，变得更自由，更富想象力。应该尽最大努力告诫年轻人，特别是上瘾后的可怕后果。太阳升升落落，月亮盈盈亏亏，夜空星光闪烁，无数岁月就这样过去了， 只是到人类出现以后，这些才被理解。至今仍保存着许多素描，画的是坐在路旁的农民和在田间劳作的男女。我们在20年内坐视原料价格下跌与工业品价格暴涨。声明宣称：国际经济秩序必须改变，否则发达国家与发展中国家之间的差距将继续扩大。16. 单选题Ever since the presidents sexual scandal was made pu

38、blic, there has been a （ ）fall in hispopularity.问题1选项A.domesticB.imaginaryC.drasticD.numerous【答案】C【解析】句意: 自从总统的性丑闻公开以来，他的声誉持续急剧下降。形容词辨析。domestic 国内的,家庭的; imaginary想象中的，幻想的; drastic急剧的，严厉的; numerous众多的，许多的。故C符合句意。17. 单选题Im sorry （ ）so long. I forgot to tell you in advance where I had been.问题1选项A.to k

39、eep you waitB.to keep you waitingC.to keep you waitedD.to have kept you waiting【答案】D【解析】句意我抱歉让你等了这么久。我忘记提前告诉你我在哪里了。语法题。考查完成时态。由句中关键词“I forgot to tell you in advance where I had been我忘记提前告诉你我在哪里了”可知“你等了这么久”这个事情发生在过去的过去，故这里应该用完成时态，由此知D项“to have kept you waiting”正确。18. 单选题That the driver （ ）in order to

40、 avoid an accident could be proven by examining the marks on the pavement.问题1选项A.swervedB.acceleratedC.dissolvedD.withdrew【答案】A【解析】句意: 那个司机突然转向是为了避免意外发生，这可以通过检查路面印记予以证实。动词辨析。Swerve突然转向; accelerate加速，促进; dissolve溶解，解散; withdraw撤退，离开。故A符合句意。19. 单选题The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and

41、early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise. Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities, and literally thousands of health spas developed around the country to capitalize on this emerging interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitne

42、ss spas existed prior to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their focus was not on aerobics, but rather on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mass, strength, and endurance in their primarily male enthusiasts. These fitness

43、 spas did not seem to benefit financially from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs offered few, if any, health benefits. In recent years, however, weight training has again become increasingly popular for males and for females.

44、 Many current programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well.Historically, most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health-related reasons, but primarily because such fitness component

45、s have been related to performance in athletics. However, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health benefits as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now recommends that weight trainin

46、g be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans. Increased participation in such training is one of the specific physical activity and fitness objectives of Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives.1.The word spas (Line 3, Para. 1) most probably ref

47、ers to （ ）.2.Early fitness spas were intended mainly for（ ）.3.What was the attitude of doctors towards weight training in health improvement?4.People were given physical fitness tests in order to find out（ ）.5.Recent studies have suggested that weight training（ ）.问题1选项A.sports activitiesB.places for

48、 physical exerciseC.recreation centersD.athletic training programs问题2选项A.the promotion of aerobic exerciseB.endurance and muscular developmentC.the improvement of womens figuresD.better performance in aerobic dancing问题3选项A.Positive.B.IndifferentC.NegativeD.Cautious问题4选项A.how well they could do in at

49、hletics.B.what their health condition was likeC.what kind of fitness center was suitable for themD.whether they were fit for aerobic exercise问题5选项A.has become an essential part of peoples lifeB.may well affect the health of the traineesC.will attract more people in the days to comeD.contributes to h

50、ealth improvements as well【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.词义题。spas所在句为: Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities, and literally thousands of health spas developed around the country to capitalize on this emerging interest in fitness.( 随着上百万人投入到有氧操运动中， 数以千计的health

51、spas在全国内发展开来，企图在这场健身热潮中获利)。因此spas应该指某场所, 排除A、D。而文章讨论的主题是健身运动而不是娱乐休闲，故答案选项为B项 “健身锻炼场所”。2.细节事实题。第一段指出: their focus was not on aerobics, but rather on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mass, strength, and endurance in their primarily male enthusiasts (他们关注的不是有氧运动，而是旨在培养男性爱好者肌肉质量、力量和

52、耐力的重量训练项目), 这里的their指的早期健身场所。因此选B “耐力和肌肉发育”。3.观点态度题。文章指出: These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs offered few, if any, health benefits (这些健身场所井没有从这场热潮中获得很好的经济收益因为医学观点认为，体重

53、训练项目对健康的益处很少（就算有的话）)。由此可见，医学观点（也就是医生的观点）对weight training的态度应该是非常消极的，可以选择C。4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词physical fitness tests定位至最后一段: Historically, most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health-related reasons, but primarily because such fitness comp

54、onents have been related to performance in athletics (过去，多数健康测试通常包含肌肉力量和耐力项目，这不是出于对健康的考虑，而是因为这些因素与体育竞技成绩相关), 因此选A “了解他们在体育竞技中能获得怎样的成绩”。5.细节事实题。第二段指出: However, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer som

55、e health benefits as well (然而最近有证据表明，主要用来提升肌肉力量和耐力的训练项目对健康也是有好处的)。因此选D “负重训练对健康也是有好处的”。20. 单选题It was shameful that the argument（ ）a handfight.问题1选项A.ended inB.came toC.ended upD.culminated in【答案】D【解析】句意: 争论以大打出手而告终真是可耻。短语辨析。end in 以告终; come to苏醒，发生; end up最后成了; culminate in以告终, 但强调以高潮结朿. 由题干关键信息大打出手判断D最符合。