2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解19

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1、2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Their dog was a substitute _ the children they had never had.问题1选项A.asB.ofC.toD.for【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他们的狗代替了他们从未有过的孩子。a substitute for是固定搭配，意为“某种东西的替代物”。其他三项不能和substitute搭配。因此D选项正确。2. 单选题Everybody knows that the earth is spherical, _?问题1选项A.doesnt heB.doesn

2、t sheC.dont theyD.doesnt it【答案】C【解析】考查反义疑问句。句意：每个人都知道地球是球形的，不是吗？当陈述句的主语是everybody时，反义疑问句的主语用they。因此C选项正确。3. 翻译题Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do especially in a tight job market. Bob Grossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come across hi

3、s desk every day. “Its amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves.” He says.“Resume (简历) arrive with stains. Some candidates dont bother to spell the companys name correctly. On seeing such a mistake, I eliminate the candidate,” Crossley concludes. “If they cannot take of these details, why sh

4、ould we trust them with a job?”Can we pay too much attention to detail? Absolutely. Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward. “To keep from losing the forest of the trees,” says Charles Garfield, associate professor at the University of California,

5、San Francisco, “we must constantly ask ourselves how the details were working on fit into the larger picture. If they dont, we should drop them and move to something else”.Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake. Too often we believe what accounts for oth

6、ers success is some special secret or a lucky break (机遇). But rarely is success so mysterious. Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow.【答案】注重细节是每个人都可以而且应该做到的事，尤其是在就业市场紧张的情况下。人力资源专家鲍勃格罗斯利在他每天收到的求职申请中注意到了这一点。“有那么多候选人自我淘汰，真是令人吃惊。”他说。“收到的简历上布满污点。有些

7、求职者连公司名称都懒得拼对。一旦看到这样的错误，我就会淘汰这个候选人。”“如果他们不能顾及这些细节，我们为什么要把工作托付给他们？”我们可以过于注重细节吗？当然。完美主义者总是为了一件小事花费比事情本身更大的代价去完成。加州大学旧金山分校副教授查尔斯加菲尔德说：“为了不失去树中之林，我们必须不断自问，我们正在处理的细节如何与大局相适应。如果它们不适合，我们就应该放弃它们，转而做其他事情。”了解我们的目的有助于我们判断所承担的每一项任务的重要性。我们常常认为别人成功的原因是某种特殊的秘密或幸运的机遇。但成功很少是如此神秘的。我们一次又一次地看到，在力所能及的范围内将一些小事做好，大的回报就会随之

8、而来。4. 单选题Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds” to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold (霉) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He expe

9、rimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.The poi

10、nt is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goaland so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them thro

11、ugh until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities.“Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that theres no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done,” wrote Rudolph

12、Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: “How come nobody thought of hat before?”The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Inno

13、vators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from V to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be

14、 more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.1. What does the author probably mean by “untaught minds” in the first paragraph?2. According to the author, what differs innovators from non-innovators?3. The author

15、quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 because _.4. The phrase “march to a different drummer” (the last line of the passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are _.5. The most suitable title for this passage might be _.问题1选项A.A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.B.A

16、citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.C.A person who has had no education.D.An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.问题2选项A.The variety of ideas they have.B.The intelligence they possess.C.The way they deal with problems.D.The way they present their findings.问题3选

17、项A.Rudolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human creativityB.the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doing thingsC.the reader is familiar with Rudolph Fleschs point of viewD.the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously pre

18、sented问题4选项A.diligent in pursuing their goalsB.reluctant to follow common ways of doing thingsC.devoted to the progress of scienceD.concerned about the advance of society问题5选项A.Discoveries and InnovationB.What Are So Special about Creative IndividualsC.To Be a Creative Expert in the Study of Human C

19、reativityD.The Relation between Creation and Diligence【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.语义推测题。由题干关键词“untaught minds”可以定位到文章第一段第一句Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds” to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents.（科学技术上的发明创造被“不知内情者”看作是灵感的眩目闪现或戏剧性

20、事件的结果。），接下来第二句以青霉素发明者弗莱明爵士为例，对首句进行反驳，说明科技发明的取得都是经过长期的艰苦实验，从失败走向成功的，只有那些不明真相、不知其艰辛的人才会把发明创造想象为灵感或戏剧性事件的产物，所以“untaught minds”在文中是指“不了解发明与革新的艰辛的人”。因此A选项“对实验中的艰苦工作一无所知的人”正确。B选项“一个限制个人创造力的社会的公民”，C选项“一个没有接受过教育的人”，D选项“一个经常偶然想出新点子的人”均不符合题意，所以B, C, D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第二句The prime difference between inn

21、ovation and others is one of approach.（有创造力的人与他人的最大区别在于他们对待事物的方法不同。），说明创新者与非创新者的区别在于对待事物的方法。因此C选项“处理问题的方式”正确。A选项“想法的多样性”，B选项“拥有的智慧”，D选项“展示他们的发现的方式”在文中均没有提及，所以A, B, D错误。3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一句“Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that theres no particular virtue in doing things the way

22、they have always been done,” wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority.（语言权威人士鲁道夫弗莱什写道：“创造性思维可能仅仅意味着意识到按一贯的方式做事并没有什么特别的优点。”），说明作者引用弗莱什的话是为了支持自己的观点：有创造力的人经常探索做事的新方法。因此B想象“这段话加强了有创造力的人寻找新的做事方法的推断”正确。A选项“鲁道夫弗莱什是研究人类创造力的最著名的专家”，原文只说它是一位语言权威，和研究人类创造力无关，所以A错误。C选项“读者对鲁道夫弗莱什的观点很熟悉”在文中没有提及，所以C错误。D选项“这段引文为前面

23、介绍的信息增加了一个新的观点”，由原文可知，弗莱什的话和作者的看法是一致的，并未添加新的观点和思想，所以D错误。4.推理判断题。由题干关键词“march to a different drummer”可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.（极具创造力的人确实是与众不同的。），说明有创造力的人“不随波逐流，与其他人所走的道路或所持的思路不同”，这是对文章主旨的一个形象总结。因此B选项“不愿意遵循普通的做事方式”正确。A选项“勤奋地追求自己的目标”，C选项“致力于科学的进步

24、”，D选项“关注社会的进步”在文中均没有提及，所以A, C, D错误。5.主旨大意题。文章开头举例说明了发明及创新几乎都来自于反复尝试和失败，接着介绍了创新者与其他人的主要区别在于处理问题的方法，最后总结道极富创造性的人的确是标新立异的。因此B选项“有创造力的人有什么特别之处”最适合作为文章标题。A选项“发现与创新”表述太过宽泛，不适合作为文章标题，所以A错误。C选项“成为研究人类创造力的专家”，D选项“创造与勤奋的关系”在文中没有提及，所以C, D错误。5. 单选题Barack Obama urged congressional leaders on Monday to act quickl

25、y to pass a huge stimulus package for the U.S. economy. He met with a bipartisan group of lawmakers on Capitol Hill. Later he met individually with Democratic and Republican House and Senate leaders and spoke to a bipartisan leadership gathering. In comments to reporters early on Monday, he undersco

26、red the urgency of finalizing economic legislation. “We have got an extraordinary economic challenge ahead of us,” he said. “We are expecting a sobering job report at the end of the week. Nancy Pelosi and her staff have been extraordinarily helpful in working with our team so that we can shape an ec

27、onomic recovery and reinvestment plan that starts putting people back to work.”Mr. Obama wants tax cuts for individual Americans and businesses to make up a significant portion of expected legislation. This could involve as much as $300 billion of a bill that is likely to exceed $700 billion and inc

28、lude aid to cash-poor U.S. states, and money for alternative energy and a range of infrastructure projects. Later, Mr. Obama said he expects to be able to sign legislation as soon as the end of this month, adding that quick action is necessary to “break the momentum of the U.S. recession”.Emerging l

29、ater from bipartisan talks with Mr. Obama, Nancy Pelosi said lawmakers discussed with the president-elect how to pass a stimulus package as quickly as possible. “An economic recovery package that will create jobs immediately and will grow the economy and that is what we talked about today,” said Nan

30、cy Pelosi. “How we could do this fast, deliberatively and to act upon it soon.” Just how soon that would be, Pelosi would not say.How much support Democrats can obtain from Republicans will depend on the details. But the severity of the U.S. recession has created considerable bipartisan backing for

31、quick action. Senate Majority Leader, Harry Reid said, “There are investments that we need to make on behalf of the American people to turn around this economy. We felt very good about the meeting; we are confident that we can do this and we have to do this.”“I think the best thing I can do is to de

32、cline to comment on what they are going to do going forward,” said Dana Perino. “Obviously, we think that tax cuts were the right way to help our economy get out of the recession that this president inherited and we know that tax cuts can spur innovation.” Asked by reporters how large the economic s

33、timulus package might be, Senate Majority Leader Reid said President-elect Obama indicated that all but one of some 28 economists advising him had said it should range from $800 billion to $1.3 trillion.1. Barack Obama urged congressional leaders and met with bipartisan leaders for _.2. The bill of

34、economic legislation will be signed to help the following except _.3. If the stimulus package is passed quickly and successfully, it can _.4. What is the bipartisan leaders attitude towards this meeting?5. According to the passage, the best way out of the economic recession is _.问题1选项A.understanding

35、 each other betterB.ending economic recessionC.negotiating political issuesD.taking the place of Bush quickly问题2选项A.some poor U.S. statesB.alternative energyC.underdeveloped countriesD.infrastructure projects问题3选项A.finalize economic legislationB.enhance Americas international statusC.obtain support

36、from RepublicansD.provide job opportunities问题4选项A.Uncertain.B.Hopeful.C.Disappointed.D.Indifferent.问题5选项A.peoples confidenceB.the bipartisan cooperationC.tax cutsD.economists suggestions【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句Barack Obama urged congressional leaders on Monday to act

37、 quickly to pass a huge stimulus package for the U.S. economy.（美国总统奥巴马星期一敦促国会领导人迅速采取行动，通过一个庞大的刺激美国经济的一揽子计划。），说明奥巴马的目的是为了让国会尽快通过这个一揽子计划来刺激经济，避免经济下滑。因此B选项“结束经济衰退”正确。A选项“更好地了解对方”，C选项“就政治问题进行谈判”，D选项“迅速接替布什的位置”均不符合题意，所以A, C, D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第二句This could involve as much as $300 billion of a bill

38、 that is likely to exceed $700 billion and include aid to cash-poor U.S. states, and money for alternative energy and a range of infrastructure projects.（这可能涉及一项高达3000亿美元的法案，而这项法案可能会超过7000亿美元，其中包括对现金匮乏的美国各州的援助，以及为可替代能源和一系列基础设施项目提供资金。），说明该方案的内容包括援助美国贫困州、投资替代能源和基础设施项目，所以A选项“美国的一些贫困州”，B选项“替代能源”，D选项“基础设

39、施项目”符合原文，C选项“不发达的国家”在原文中没有提及，不属于该法令援助的内容，因此本题选C。3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句Nancy Pelosi and her staff have been extraordinarily helpful in working with our team so that we can shape an economic recovery and reinvestment plan that starts putting people back to work.”（南希佩洛西和她的工作人员在与我们的团队合作方面给予了极大的帮助，使我们

40、能够制定经济复苏和再投资计划，让人们重新找到工作。”），说明这个计划可以有效促进就业，让更多人找到工作。因此D选项“提供工作机会”正确。A选项“敲定经济立法”，B选项“提高美国的国际地位”，C选项“获得共和党人的支持”在文中均没有提及，所以A, B, C错误。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段最后一句Senate Majority Leader, Harry Reid said, “There are investments that we need to make on behalf of the American people to turn around this econo

41、my. We felt very good about the meeting; we are confident that we can do this and we have to do this.”（参议院多数党领袖里德说：“为了扭转美国经济，我们需要代表美国人民进行一些投资。我们对这次会议感觉很好，我们有信心，我们可以做到，我们必须做到。”）和最后一段第一、二句“I think the best thing I can do is to decline to comment on what they are going to do going forward,” said Dana P

42、erino. “Obviously, we think that tax cuts were the right way to help our economy get out of the recession that this president inherited and we know that tax cuts can spur innovation.”（佩里诺说：“我认为我能做的最好的事情就是拒绝对他们未来的行动发表评论。显然，我们认为减税是帮助我们的经济走出衰退的正确方式，我们知道减税可以刺激创新。”），说明两党领导人对于此次会面是抱有很大的希望的。因此B选项“有希望”正确。A选

43、项“不确定”，C选项“失望”，D选项“漠不关心”均不符合题意，所以A, C, D错误。5.推理判断题。结合全文可知，文章开头提到奥巴马会见两党领导人，敦促国会尽快通过刺激经济发展的计划，避免经济进一步下滑，接着分别介绍了两党领导人的态度，他们都希望共同合作，促进经济增长，所以摆脱经济衰退的最好办法是两党合作。因此B选项“两党的合作”正确。A选项“人民的信心”，C选项“减税”，D选项“经济学家的建议”均不符合题意，所以A, C, D错误。6. 单选题The two most obvious changes in American economy are the emergence of a hi

44、ghly sophisticated technology and the rise of giant corporations. In addition, market forces have lost some of their significance as planning has become more important. The government has assumed a greatly changed role in the economy. Property relationships and decision-making power have shifted. Th

45、e demand for highly educated specialists has increased enormously.We may think of the American economy, as consisting of two completely different sectors. The world of the giant corporations, which can be called the “industrial system”, consists of 500 or 600 firms that provide “nearly all communica

46、tions, nearly all production and distribution of electric power, much transportation, most manufacturing and mining, a substantial share of retail trade, and a considerable amount of entertainment”. Outside of this industrial system fall most agricultural enterprises, some mining and trucking, profe

47、ssional and artistic pursuits, some retail trade, and most personal and domestic services.The classical economic laws of supply and demand still apply to some degree. But today the industrial sector is characterized far more by planning and certainty than by the free play of market forces. It appear

48、s that it could scarcely be otherwise. In large corporations with advanced technological systems and complex organizations of highly trained specialists, plans for producing any one item are made well in advance. Such plans, once made, are hard to change. Because long-term planning demands certainty

49、, market forces are avoided by various means. For example, the corporation may achieve “vertical integration” by buying companies that supply raw materials at one end of the process and distribution outlets at the other. Corporations may agree on “just prices” for things they buy and sell. They may

50、enter mutually advantageous long-term contracts with suppliers and customers. Moreover, in their quest for certainty they generally have the support of the state.1. The American giant corporations possess so many new characteristics that _.2. By the second paragraph, we know that _.3. From the whole

51、 passage, we can infer that American economy _.4. In the third sentence of last paragraph, the second “it” may refer to _.5. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?问题1选项A.highly educated managers are important for the corporationsB.giant corporations become decentralizedC.economic la

52、ws of the market are effective inside corporationsD.heads of the giant corporations try to control the government问题2选项A.retail trade accounts for a big part in non-industrial systemB.there are more giant corporations than agricultural enterprisesC.giant corporations control every part of American ec

53、onomyD.giant corporations provide most of productions and services问题3选项A.is experiencing the rise of giant corporationsB.is determined by hundreds of giant corporationsC.has failed to balance supply and demandD.becomes highly-planned one问题4选项A.classic economic law of supply and demandB.industrial se

54、ctorC.American economyD.market force问题5选项A.American economy is characterized by high technology and giant corporations.B.American economy consists of industrial systems and agricultural enterprises.C.Market economy is gradually replaced by planned economy.D.Highly trained specialists are needed.【答案】

55、第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句The demand for highly educated specialists has increased enormously.（对受过高等教育的专家的需求大大增加了。），说明美国巨型公司的新特点导致了对受过高等教育的专家需求增加。因此A选项“受过高等教育的管理者对公司很重要”正确。B选项“巨型企业变得分权化”，C选项“市场的经济规律在企业内部是有效的”，D选项“巨型企业的负责人试图控制政府”在文中均没有提及，所以B, C, D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第二

56、句The world of the giant corporations, which can be called the “industrial system”, consists of 500 or 600 firms that provide “nearly all communications, nearly all production and distribution of electric power, much transportation, most manufacturing and mining, a substantial share of retail trade,

57、and a considerable amount of entertainment”.（巨型企业的世界，可以称为“工业系统”，包括500到600家提供“几乎所有通信，几乎所有的生产和分配电力，交通，大多数的制造业和采矿业，零售贸易的很大一部分，和大量的娱乐”的公司。），说明大部分的生产和服务是由巨型企业提供的。因此D选项“巨型企业提供了大部分的生产和服务”正确。A选项“零售业在非工业体系中占了很大比重”，由原文可知，零售贸易占了工业系统的很大一部分，所以A错误。B选项“巨型企业比农业企业多”，原文没有比较两者数量的多少，所以B错误。C选项“巨型企业控制着美国经济的各个部分”，美国经济除了巨型

58、企业还有非工业系统部分，所以C错误。3.推理判断题。文章第一段说到美国经济的变化之一是巨型企业的崛起，接着第二段介绍了巨型企业提供的生产和服务，最后第三段说到巨型企业的计划性和确定性，可以推断出美国经济是由巨型公司决定的。因此B选项“由数以百计的巨型公司决定”正确。A选项“正经历着巨头企业的崛起”，由原文可知，巨型企业已经崛起了，所以A错误。C选项“未能平衡供应和需求”，D选项“成为高度计划化的经济”在文中没有提及，所以C, D错误。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三句It appears that it could scarcely be otherwise.（看来不可能有别的情

59、况了。），由上下文可知，此处说的是美国经济中的计划性。因此C选项“美国经济”正确。A选项“经典的供给和需求的经济规律”，B选项“工业部门 ”，D选项“市场力量”均不符合题意，所以A, B, D错误。5.客观细节题。A选项“美国经济的特点是高科技和巨型企业”，由原文The two most obvious changes in American economy are the emergence of a highly sophisticated technology and the rise of giant corporations.（美国经济最明显的两个变化是高度复杂技术的出现和大型企业的

60、崛起。）可知A在文中出现，排除A。B选项“美国经济由工业体系和农业企业组成”，由原文We may think of the American economy, as consisting of two completely different sectors. The world of the giant corporationsOutside of this industrial system fall most agricultural enterprises（我们可以把美国经济看作是由两个完全不同的部门组成的。巨型企业的世界在这个工业系统之外的是大多数农业企业）可知B在文中出现，排除B。

61、D选项“需要高度训练有素的专家”，由原文The demand for highly educated specialists has increased enormously.（对受过高等教育的专家的需求大大增加了。）可知D在文中出现，排除D。C选项“市场经济逐渐被计划经济所取代”，原文只说了美国经济中存在计划性，且十分重要，没有说计划经济取代了市场经济，因此本题选C。7. 单选题Eye contact is a nonverbal technique that helps the speaker “sell” his or her ideas to an audience. Besides

62、its persuasive powers, eye contact helps hold listener interest.A successful speaker must maintain eye contact with an audience. To have good rapport (关系) with listeners, a speaker should maintain direct eye contact for at least 75 percent of the time. Some speakers focus exclusively on their notes.

63、 Others gaze over the heads of their listeners. Both are likely to lose audience interest and esteem. People who maintain eye contact while speaking, whether from a podium (演讲台) or from across the table, are “regarded not only as exceptionally well-disposed by their target but also as more believabl

64、e and earnest.”To show the potency of eye contact in daily life, we have only to consider how passers-by behave when their glances happen to meet on the street. At one extreme are those people who feel obliged to smile when they make eye contact. At the other extreme are those who feel awkward and immediately look away. To make eye contact, it seems, i