英译汉讲稿07词法翻译.ppt
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第二章词法翻译04,四、重复:就同原文关系而言,重复分为两类:一是原文本身有重复,翻译时照译不误;二是原文由于某种需要省略的词,翻译时需重复,实质上是一种特殊的增词。因而重复没有词性限制。,就方式而论,重复分为完全重复和概念重复;就作用而言,重复可使译文:结构更完整、逻辑更严谨、含义更明了、语气更强烈、效果更生动。,A原文重复,译文照译:1.Homeishome,beiteversohomely.尽管简陋,家总归是家。2.Iwanttotalktoyouaboutthefuture,aboutourfuturetomorrow.我想和你们谈谈未来,谈谈我们共同的未来。,3.Noonecanbeperfectlyhappytillallarehappy.(先天下之忧而忧,)后天下之乐而乐。4.Thatisourpolicyandthatisourdeclaration.(Churchillsspeech).这就是我们的政策,这就是我们的宣言。5.Ifyoudontsucceedatfirst,try,try,tryagain.如果开始不成,那就努力、努力、再努力(尝试、尝试、再尝试)。,7.Behindallthisglare,behindallthisstorm,Iseethatsmallgroupofvillainousmenwhoplan,organize,andlaunchthiscataractofhorrorsuponmankind.在这刺眼的火光后面,在这暴风雨后面,我看到一小撮恶棍正策划组织和发动这场人类的灾难。,8.thatgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,andforthepeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth.(AbrahamLincoln,“GettysburgAddress”),Theworldwilllittlenotenorlongrememberwhatwesayhere,butitcanneverforgetwhattheydidhere.Itisforus,theliving,rather,tobededicatedheretotheunfinishedworkwhichtheywhofoughtherehavethusfarsonoblyadvanced.,Itisratherforustobeherededicatedtothegreattaskremainingbeforeus;thatfromthesehonoreddead,wetakeincreaseddevotiontothatcauseforwhichtheygavethelastfullmeasureofdevotion;,thatthisNation,underGOD,shallhaveanewbirthoffreedom;andthatgovernmentofthePeople,bythePeople,andforthePeopleshallnotperishfromtheearth.使我们这个民有、民治、民享的政府永存于世永世长存万古长青。,无独有偶,刚刚当选美国总统的奥巴马在胜选演说中引用了该句:,Itgrewstrengthfromtheyoungpeoplewhorejectedthemythoftheirgenerationsapathywholefttheirhomesandtheirfamiliesforjobsthatofferedlittlepayandlesssleep.今日之胜,有赖一众热血青年,抛其家,别其室,不辞其苦,不计其酬,矻矻于此“国中青年爱国之心已泯”之谬论,今可休矣!,Itdrewstrengthfromthenot-so-youngpeoplewhobravedthebittercoldandscorchingheattoknockondoorsofperfectstrangers,今日之胜,有赖壮志未已之诸前辈,无惧寒暑,行走奔波,劝说民众。,andfromthemillionsofAmericanswhovolunteeredandorganizedandprovedthatmorethantwocenturieslateragovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,andforthepeoplehasnotperishedfromtheEarth.今日之胜,有赖壮志未已之诸前辈,无惧寒暑,行走奔波,劝说民众。今日之胜,乃数百万美利坚民众之胜,察其意,皆属踊跃为国,观其行,处处谨严有序,足堪告慰二百年前开国之先贤民有、民治、民享之政体,未尝动摇也!,9.Weshallgoontotheend,weshallfightinFrance,weshallfightontheseas,andoceans,weshallfightwithgrowingconfidenceandgrowingstrengthintheair,weshalldefendourIsland,whateverthecostmaybe,weshallfightonthebeaches,weshallfightonthelandinggrounds,weshallfightinthefields,andinthestreets,weshallfightinthehills;weshallneversurrender,这是1940年6月4日,丘吉尔就过去一周内(5月27日到6月4日)盟军敦刻尔克大撤退取得成功向议会所做报告中的一段。此句前面的话为:,EventhoughlargetractsofEuropeandmanyoldandfamousstateshavefallenormayfallintothegripofGestapoandalltheodiousapparatusofNazirule,weshallnotflagorfail.,Weshallgoontotheend,weshallfightinFrance,weshallfightontheseas,andoceans,weshallfightwithgrowingconfidenceandgrowingstrengthintheair,weshalldefendourIsland,whateverthecostmaybe,weshallfightonthebeaches,weshallfightonthelandinggrounds,weshallfightinthefields,andinthestreets,weshallfightinthehills;weshallneversurrender,短短75单词,weshall重复九次fight重复八次,尽管欧洲大片土地以及许多著名古国已经或即将落入盖世太保和一切可憎的纳粹统治机器之魔爪,我们也不会气馁,不会屈服。,我们将战斗到底,我们将在战斗在法国本土,我们将战斗在近海、战斗在远洋;我们的空军将愈战愈勇、愈战愈强;我们将不惜一切代价保卫我们的英伦群岛;我们将战斗在海滩;我们在哪里登陆,就在哪里战斗;我们将战斗在田野山岭、大街小巷,我们决不会屈服,B原文省略,译文重复:,1.Johnisyourfriendasmuchasmine.约翰是你的朋友,同样是我的朋友。2.Butwestillhavedefect,andverybigones.但我们还是有缺点的,而且是很大的缺点。,3.Jesseopenedhiseyes.Theywerefilledwithtears.杰西睁开双眼,眼里充满泪水。4.Happyfamiliesalsohadtheirowntroubles.幸福家庭也有幸福家庭的烦恼。(有自己的烦恼)家家有本难念的经。,5.Eachcountryhasitsowncustoms.各国有各国的风俗。6.Whoeverviolatesthelawshouldbepunished.谁触犯了法律,谁就应受到制裁。(违法必究),7.Shewasproficientbothasasingerandasadancer.她能歌善舞。8.Wetalkedofourselves,ofourprospects,ofthejourney,oftheweather,ofeachotherofeverythingbutourhostandhostess.我们谈到自己,谈到前途,谈到旅途,谈到天气,谈到彼此的情况谈到一切,就是不谈我们的男女主人。,9.Buthiswifekeptdinninginhisearsabouthisidleness,hiscarelessness,andtheruinhewasbringingonhisfamily.可是他老婆在他耳边唠叨没完,说他懒惰,说他粗心,并说全家都要毁在他身上。,10.TheywantedtodetermineifhecompliedwiththetermsofhisemploymentandhisobligationsasanAmerican.他们想确认,他是否履行了应聘条件,是否履行了作为美国公民应尽的职责。,11.Wetraveledthe3000milesfromthewestcoasttotheeastbyroad,rail,andair.我们从西海岸到了东海岸,行程3000英里,有时乘汽车,有时乘火车,有时乘飞机。,12.Shewasasdifferentfromhimaspossiblecalmashewasfurious;moderateashewasfanatical;indulgentashewassharp;reticentashewasgarrulous.fanatical:extremelyenthusiasticmoderate:notextreme,excessiveorintenseindulgent:permissive,tolerant;sharp:merciless,harsh,reticent:reservedgarrulous:excessivelytalkative她和他性格迥异:一个性情温和,一个脾气暴躁;一个遇事沉着,一个过于偏激,一个宽容大度,一个伶牙俐齿;一个金口难开,一个滔滔不绝。,13.ImustadmitthatIcouldneverhaveanticipatedhisabilitytodiscover,muchlesstoappreciatesuchhiddenvirtues.我得承认,我真没想到他能够发现并欣赏这些内在品质。,14.Commonandrecurrentdiseaseshaveamongotherthingsbeeninvestigatedandstudied.同时,常见病和多发病得到了调查和研究。15.ThesignsofChinasinfluenceandsuccessaboundinAmerica.(byReagon)中国的影响、中国的成就,在美国随处可见。,16.HeprefersDutchchessandIpreferDanish.他爱下荷兰棋,而我爱下丹麦棋。17.Youshoulddowhateveryouareaskedto.让你做什么你就做什么。(让你干嘛就干嘛),18.Tohim,thebirdssang,thesquirrelchattered,andtheflowersbloomed.鸟儿向他歌唱,松树对他叽咕,花儿为他绽放。,C意义重复:,英语普通词译成汉语重复(叠)词,以示强调或增强修辞效果:greatcontributions丰功伟绩gratitude感恩戴德ingratitude忘恩负义prosperity繁荣昌盛vivid生动形象hesitate犹豫不决、优柔寡断、彷徨犹豫,arrogance自高自大grotesque奇形怪状careless粗心大意inchaos乱七八糟、杂乱无章、乌烟瘴气streetgossip街谈巷议rumors流言蜚语,1.HegaveLilieverydimeofthatmoney.那笔钱他一分一文都交给了莉莉。2.“Butyourebleedingtodeath,”protestedshe.“Idratherdie!”saidtheinjuredsister.“可血再流下去你就没命啦!”她嗔(chn)怪道。“没命就没命吧。”受伤的一位说。,3.Onedayhedrewsomeverycleverpictureofcatsuponapaperscreen.有一天,他在纸屏上画了好些活灵活现、栩栩如生的猫。4.IcouldnothelpthinkingofthisfablewhentheotherdayIsawGeorgelunchingbyhimselfinarestaurant.Ineversawanyonewearanexpressionofsuchdeepgloom.那天中午,我看见乔治一个人在饭馆吃饭,不由想起了这个寓言。我从未见过一个人能够这么无精打采,心灰意冷。,5Therehavebeentoomuchpublicityaboutmycase.我的事情已闹得满城风雨、尽人皆知了。6.Ihavebeencompletelyhonestinmyreplies,withholdingnothing.我的回答完全是坦坦荡荡、毫无保留。,7.Withhistardiness,carelessnessandappallinggoodhumor,weweresoreperplexed.他总是磨磨蹭蹭、马马虎虎,但出语诙谐、令人叫绝,我们拿他毫无办法。,8.ThemayorofToledosaidin1932,“Ihaveseenthousandsandthousandsofthesedefeated,discouraged,hopelessmenandwomen,cringingandfawningastheycometoaskforpublicaid.Itisaspectacleofnationaldegradation.(WilliamManchester,TheGloryandtheDream)托莱多市长在1932说过:“我见到成千上万的山穷水尽、灰心绝望的男男女女前来请求救济,他们低声下气,苦苦哀求,此情此景,真是丢尽了美国的脸。(冯庆华:P.134),改译:托莱多市长在1932就说过:“我见到成千上万的男男女女山穷水尽、灰心绝望前来请求救济,他们低声下气、苦苦哀求,此情此景,真是丢尽了美国人的脸。,9.Onlyaveryslightandveryscatteringripplesofhalf-heartedhand-clappinggreetedhim.欢迎他的只有几下轻轻的掌声,稀稀拉拉、冷冷淡淡。10.ItwasabrightSeptemberafternoon,andthestreetsofNewYorkwerebrilliantwithmovingmen.这是一个九月的下午,天气晴朗,纽约大街上,人来人往、五光十色。,11.Heshowedhimselfcalminanemergentsituation.他在紧要关头表现得镇定自若。12.Thequestionswereevidentlyunexpectedtotheslow-wittedspokesman,whoinstantlyfoundhimselftongue-tied.这些问题显然让这位反应迟钝的发言人感到意外,他立刻显得张口结舌、哑口无言(无言以对)。,13.Itsabitfishythatsheshouldhavegivenawayavillalikethat.那么好端端的一座别墅,她竟然拿它白白递送了人,个中必有蹊跷。14.Withwhatseemedmylasthopefrustrated,Islippedintoadeeplethargy.随着最后一线希望破灭,我不知不觉中感到了心灰意冷(无精打采,身心俱惫)。,五、正译与反译:,词法翻译中的正译与反译不同于句法翻译中肯定与否定的译法,也就是说,正译与反译同原文肯定或是否定句型可以有关,也可以无关。正译与反译的运用有助于表达的通顺,有时可加强语气。,1.Excuseme.对不起。2.Dontstopworking.继续干活吧。3.Hewentintotheinsecurebuilding.他走进了那座危楼。,4.Thiswouldcovermyabsencefromthehouse.这样可以为我不在房里提供掩护。5.Withoutreasoningoneisapttobebeyondcontrol.没有理性就容易失去控制。,6.Hisexplanationisprettythin.他的解释很难站得住脚。7.Wetpaint!油漆未干!8.AdmissionbyInvitationOnly.(StaffOnly.)非请莫入。9.Keepupright.切勿倒置!10.AgreeableSweetness.甜而不腻。,A英语从正面表达,汉语从反面表达:,1.Thefirstbombsmissedthetarget.第一批炸弹没有命中目标。2.Theirrescueattemptsturnedoutpredictablyfutile.不出所料,他们的营救行动毫无结果。,3.Itwouldbemostdisastrousifevenarumorofitweregivenout.稍稍透露一点点风声,后果将不堪设想。4.WearewatchingwithconcernthefluidsituationintheMid-east.我们密切关注中东动荡不定的局势。,5.Thisproblemisaboveme.这个问题我力所不及(无能为力)。6.Itwasbeyondhispowertosignsuchacontract.他无权签订这种合同。,7.Webelievethattheyoungergenerationwillproveworthyofourtrust.我们相信,青年一代不会辜负我们的信任。8.Bothsidesthoughtthatthepeaceproposalwasonetheycouldacceptwithdignity.双方认为,那是一个双方均可接受而又不失体面的和平建议。,9.WhenPhilipmissedthelastbus,hewasatalosstoknowwhattodo.菲利普误了末班车,茫然不知所措。10.Herhusbandhatestoseeherstonyface.她丈夫不愿看到她那张毫无表情的脸(她脸上毫无表情的样子)。,B英语从反面表达,汉语从正面表达:,1.Itwassaidthatsomeonehadsowndiscordamongthem.据说有人在他们中间挑拨。2.Hemanifestedastrongdislikeforhisfathersbusiness.他十分厌恶(讨厌)父亲的事情(业务、职业、行当)。,business:1)occupation,profession,trade2)somethingapersonisconcernedwitheg:Wordsareawritersbusiness.3)affair,project:Hesgotfedupwiththewholebusiness.,3.Thedoubtwasstillunsolvedafterhisrepeatedexplanation.尽管他再三解释,疑团仍然存在。4.ManyagreedthatthePrimeMinisterhadineffectresigneddishonorably.许多人认为,首相辞职实在是丢面子。,5.Theinvestigationleftnodoubtthatthevictimhaddiedofmurder.现场勘查清楚地表明,受害人死于他杀。6.Generallysheacceptedthefamilylifeinallitscrowdedinadequacy.通常情况下,她还是接受了拥挤寒碜的家庭生活的。,7.Wemustneverstoptakinganoptimisticviewoflife.我们对生活要永保乐观态度。8.Dontmakeyourconclusionbeforetheendoftheyear.到年底再下结论吧!,9.Hereturnedhomewithnohopeonhisface.他一脸绝望地回到了家中。他一脸无望地回到了家中。10.ThetrainfromMoscowwillarriveinnotime.来自莫斯科的火车即将到达。,- 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