2019-2020年高考英语短文理解学案(20).doc
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2019-2020年高考英语短文理解学案(20)一、 先看题干,带着问题读文章。 即先看试题,再读文章。阅读题干,首先要掌握问题的类型,分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调,作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位,再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比,有根有据地排除干扰项,选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率,节省了宝贵的时间。特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。 二、 速读全文,了解大意知主题。 阅读的目的是获取信息。一个人的阅读能力的高低决定了他能否快速高效吸收有用信息。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。没有一定的阅读速度就不能顺利地输入信息,更谈不上运用英语。近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40个词左右。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。 抓主题句这是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。用归纳法撰写的文章,都是表述细节的句子在前,概述性的句子居后。此时主题句就是文章的最后一句。通常用演绎法撰写的文章,大都遵循从一般到个别的写作程序,即从概述开始,随之辅以细说。这时,主题句就是文章的第一句。当然也有些文章没有主题句,需要读者自己去归纳。主题句往往对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用,主旨大意题,归纳概括题,中心思想题往往直接可从主题句中找到答案。 阅读理解 (共20小题; 每小题2分,满分 40分) 阅读下面的短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出最佳选项。 AThe Great Wall of China is considered to be the only manmade project seen from the moon. Although it was once thought to have been built entirely during the Qin Dynasty( 朝代) between 221 and 208 BC, it is now believed to have been started earlier.The 15foothigh, 25footwide, 1,500milelong structure was undoubtedly built to keep out invading enemies. To the mon people of the empire, who had been forced to build the wall, it was not worth it, however. The wall, and other public works pleted by the Qin Dynasty, had caused great losses on the wealth and human life of the country. As a result, an angry population rose up in rebellion(反抗)against the Qin Dynasty, and in 207 BC the Han Dynasty began.Because of its rich history and magnificent appearance, the Great Wall attracts tourists, scientists, and historians to this day and will continue to do so for generations. 56. According to the author of this passage, the Han Dynasty was able to e into power because . A. enemies were not effectively prevented from invading the empire B. it had started the work on the wall and really controlled it all along C. the mon people rebelled against the empire that had forced them to work on the Great Wall D. the Qin emperor lost all his personal wealth in the creation of the Great Wall 57. The main idea of this passage is that . A. the emperor of the Qin Dynasty was a slave driver B. invading enemies were a problem in ancient China C. the mon people of ancient China were very poor D. the human achievement of the Great Wall is widely appreciated 58. With which of the following opinions would this author most likely agree? A. The pyramids of Egypt also attract modern man because of the human effort they represent(体现). B. The pyramids of Egypt would probably be seen to a human standing on the moon. C. The human significance (意义) of the pyramids of Egypt is greater than that of the Great Wall. D. The human significance of the pyramids of Egypt is not as great as that of the Great Wall. 59. The writer has not directly stated, but would support the opinion that . A. Astronauts(宇航员) have taken a personal interest in the history of the Great Wall of China B. the mon people of the Qin Dynasty were the ones who provided the labor in constructing the Great Wall C. work on the Great Wall was started before the Qin Dynasty came into existence D. the Great Wall of China is a great human achievement and was probably worth the effort it tookB省略 CWhen you turn on the radio, you hear an advertisement. When you watch television, you hear and see an advertisement. If you turn the pages of a newspaper or magazine, again you find an advertisement. If you walk down the street, you see one advertising board after another. All day, every day, people who want to sell you something pete to catch your attention. As a result, advertisements are almost everywhere.In the West, advertisements are the fuel that makes mass media work. Many TV stations, newspapers, magazines, radio stations are privately owned. The government does not give them money. So where does the money e from? From advertisements. Without advertisements, there would not be these private businesses.Have you ever asked yourself what advertising is? Through the years, people have given different answers to the question. For some time it was felt that advertising was a means of “keeping your name before the public.” And some people thought that advertising was “truth well told.” Now more and more people describe it in this way: Advertising is the paid, nonpersonal (非针对某个人的), and usually persuasive (有说服力的) description of goods, services and ideas by identified sponsors (明确的出资者)through various media.First, advertising is usually paid for. Various sponsors pay for the advert sements we see, read, and hear over the various media. Second, advertising is nonpersonal. It is not face to face munication. Although you may feel that a message in a certain advertisement is aimed directly at you, in reality, it is directed at large groups of people. Third, advertising is usually persuasive. Directly or indirectly it tells people to do something. All advertisements try to make people believe that the product, idea, or service advertised can do good to them. Fourth, the sponsor of the advertisement must be identified. From the advertisement, we can see if the sponsor is a pany, or an organization, or an individual. Fifth, advertising reaches us through traditional (传统的)and nontraditional mass media. Included in the traditional media are newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and films. Nontraditional media include the mail, matchbox covers, and billboards (广告牌). 62. The existence(存在)of the privately owned mass media depends financially(经济上地)on A. the government B. their owners familiesC. advertisements D. the audience 63. According to the passage, who are most probably paying for the advertisements? A. panies. B. Organizations.C. Individuals. D. All of the above. 64. Which of the following is considered nontraditional mass media? A. Newspapers. B. The mail. C. Magazines D. Films. 65. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the features of advertisements is NOT true? A. Advertising must be honest and amusing. B. Advertising is meant for large groups of people. C. Advertising tells people to do something directly or indirectly. D. The sponsors are always mentioned in the advertisements. DThe Internet has led to a huge increase in creditcard (信用卡) fraud.Your card information could even be for sale in an illegal web site(非法网站). Web sites offering cheap goods and services should be regarded with care. Online shoppers who enter their creditcard information may never receive the goods they thought they bought.The thieves then go shopping with your card numberor sell the information over the Internet. puters hackers (黑客) have broken down security(安全)systems, raising questions about the safety of cardholder information. Several months ago, 25,000 customers of CD Universe, an online music retailer (零售商) , were not lucky. Their names, addresses and creditcard numbers were posted on a Web site after the retailer refused to pay US $157,828 to get back the information. Creditcard firms are now fighting against online fraud. Mastercard is working on plans for Webonly credit card, with a lower credit limit. The card could be used only for shopping online. However, there are a few simple steps you can take to keep from being cheated (欺骗). Ask about your creditcard firms online rules: Under British law, cardholders have to pay the first US $78 of any fraudulent (欺骗性的) spending. And shop only at secure sites; Send your creditcard information only if the Web site offers advanced secure system. If the security is in place, a letter will appear in the bottom righthand corner of your screen. The Web site address may also start https: / the extra “s” stands for secure. If in doubt, give your creditcard information over the telephone.Keep your password(密码)safe: Most online sites require a user name and password before placing an order. Treat your passwords with care. 66. What do most people worry about the Internet according to this passage? A. A lot of stolen creditcards were sold on the Internet. B. Fraud on the Internet. C. Many Web sites are destroyed. D. Many illegal Web sites are on the Internet. 67. What is the meaning of “fraud”? A. Cheating. B. Sale. C. Payment. D. Safety. 68. How can the thieves get the information of the creditcard? A. The customers give them the information. B. The thieves steal the information from Web sites. C. The customers sell the information to them. D. The thieves buy the information from credit card firms. 69. How many pieces of advice does the passage give to you? A. Four. B. Three. C. Five. D. Six. 70. You are shopping on the site: http: / Shopping. , and you want to buy a TV set, what does this article suggest to do? A. Order the TV set at once. B. Do not buy the TV set on this site. C. Email the site your creditcard information. D. Tell the site your password and buy the TV set for you.EChildren start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy; theres no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your childrens curiosity(好奇). Firstly, listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of sevenyearolds to talk about science as a job. The children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling, salary(薪水) and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing one another in silence. Finally I said, “Now that were finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about science?”After a long pause, a boy raised his hand, “Have you ever seen a grasshopper (蚱蜢) eat? When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why?”This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours. Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical(符合逻辑的), plete and creative answers.Thirdly, watch your language. Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, dont jump in with “Thats right” or “Very good”. These words work well when it es to encouraging good behavior(行为). But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying, “Thats interesting” or “Id never thought of it that way before”, or ing up with more questions or ideas.Never push a child to “Think”. It doesnt make sense, children are always thinking, without your telling them to. Whats more, this can turn a conversation into a performance. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target (目标) for your disagreement.Lastly, show; dont tell. Reallife impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass(放大镜), and theyll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates (蒸发), set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop. 71. According to the passage, children are natural scientists, and to raise their interest, the most important thing for adults to do is . A. to let them see the world around B. to share the childrens curiosity C. to explain difficult phrases about science D. to supply the children with lab equipment 72. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word “lists” could best be replaced by A. any questions B. any problems C. questions from textbooks D. any number of questions 73. According to the passage, children can answer questions in a more logical, plete and creative way if adults . A. ask them to answer quickly. B. wait for one or two seconds after a question. C. tell them to answer the next day. D. wait at least for three seconds after a question. 74. In which of the following paragraph(s) does the author tell us what to say to encourage children in a science discussion? A. The second and third. B. The fourth and fifth. C. The fifth and sixth. D. The seventh. 75. The author mentions all of the following techniques for adults to share with their childrens curiosity except that adults should . A. tell their children stories instead of reciting(背诵) facts B. offer their children chances to see things for themselves C. be patient enough when their children answer questions D. encourage their children to ask questions of their own 5659 CDAD 6265 CDBA 6670 BABAB 7175 BCDCA- 配套讲稿:
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