家用自动跑步机机械结构设计【含CAD图纸、说明书】
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毕 业 设 计(论 文)任 务 书设计(论文)题目:家用自动跑步机机械结构设计 学生姓名:专业:所在学院:指导教师:职称:发任务书日期:年月日 任务书填写要求1毕业设计(论文)任务书由指导教师根据各课题的具体情况填写,经学生所在专业的负责人审查、系(院)领导签字后生效。此任务书应在毕业设计(论文)开始前一周内填好并发给学生。2任务书内容必须用黑墨水笔工整书写,不得涂改或潦草书写;或者按教务处统一设计的电子文档标准格式(可从教务处网页上下载)打印,要求正文小4号宋体,1.5倍行距,禁止打印在其它纸上剪贴。3任务书内填写的内容,必须和学生毕业设计(论文)完成的情况相一致,若有变更,应当经过所在专业及系(院)主管领导审批后方可重新填写。4任务书内有关“学院”、“专业”等名称的填写,应写中文全称,不能写数字代码。学生的“学号”要写全号,不能只写最后2位或1位数字。 5任务书内“主要参考文献”的填写,应按照金陵科技学院本科毕业设计(论文)撰写规范的要求书写。6有关年月日等日期的填写,应当按照国标GB/T 740894数据元和交换格式、信息交换、日期和时间表示法规定的要求,一律用阿拉伯数字书写。如“2002年4月2日”或“2002-04-02”。毕 业 设 计(论 文)任 务 书1本毕业设计(论文)课题应达到的目的: (1)通过毕业设计,培养学生具有运用已学理论专业知识去分析实际工程问题和解决实际工程问题的能力。(2)通过毕业设计,对学生进行基本技能训练,如设计计算、绘图及查阅技术文献资料等,以提高学生的技能水平。2本毕业设计(论文)课题任务的内容和要求(包括原始数据、技术要求、工作要求等): 1、设计内容跑步机是家庭健身和健身房常备的器材,近几年来跑步机的价格不断上升,销量也持续上涨,这些迹象表明,跑步机会越来越受关注。跑步机根据其功能可以分为单功能跑步机和多功能跑步机。单功能跑步机又可以分为滚轮式和平板式,滚轮式跑步机工作时噪音特别大所以已被淘汰。平板式跑步机是目前健身房最常见的跑步机,由人主动在上面运动,使人感觉和真实跑步一样,并且上面有一个电子屏可以看到跑步者的心率、时速、时间、热量等数据。不过目前跑步机的发展趋势倾向于多功能跑步机,多功能跑步机具备了多种锻炼功能、使用方便所以受到很多人的喜爱。本课题的提出就是基于实际需要出发,尤其是考虑到家用跑步机的需求量越来越高,设计一种应用于家庭健身的跑步机。2、设计的基本要求(1)设计图纸规范、清晰、准确,图面布局匀称,表达准确清楚,图面清洁。(2)结构设计中要求做到:方案合理,计算准确无误,计算书写工整。 (3)设计说明书叙述详尽、内容完整,表达准确,设计计算正确,图表、字体、文献资料引用符合相应规范。毕 业 设 计(论 文)任 务 书3对本毕业设计(论文)课题成果的要求包括图表、实物等硬件要求: 总装配图一份;零件图一份;开题报告一份;论文大纲一份;外文资料翻译一份;毕业设计说明书一份。4主要参考文献: 1 陈立德.机械设计基础M北京:高等教育出版社20082 李海萍.机械设计基础 M.北京:机械工业出版社.20053 马晓丽.机械产品设计M.北京:机械工业出版社.20094 张春林.机械创新设计M.北京:机械工业出版社.20075 孙开元,骆素君.常见机构设计及应用图例M.北京:化学工业出版社.20106 李萍萍,贺炜.机械制图与计算机绘图 M.北京:机械工业出版社.20067 王道林.机械制造技术M.南京:江苏教育出版社.20068 卜研.实用轴承技术手册M北京:机械工业出版社20049 夏新涛.滚动轴承制造工艺学M北京:机械工业出版社.200710 刘鸿文.材料力学(第四版)M北京:高等教育出版社200411 孔庆华,刘传绍.极限配合与测量技术基础M.上海:同济大学出版社.200212 孙桓,陈作模.机械原理M.北京:北京高等教育出版社,200013 周泽华.理论力学M.北京:高等教育出版.199214 郑秀本.机械制造技术基础M.北京:高等教育出版社.199015 宋淑彩,刘建臣.Autocad 2007实用教程M.北京:国防工业出版社,200916 詹友刚.PRO/ENGINEER野火版5.0机械设计教程M.北京:机械工业出版社,201117 朱家诚.机械设计课程设计M.合肥:合肥工业大学出版社,200518 成大先.机械设计手册(减(变)速器.电机与电器)M.沈阳:化学工业出版社,199919 张玉,刘平.几何量公差与测量技术M.沈阳东北大学出版社,199920 哈尔滨工业大学理论力学教研组.理论力学M.北京高等教育出版社,1997毕 业 设 计(论 文)任 务 书5本毕业设计(论文)课题工作进度计划:2015.12.15 选题审题截止2015.12.16-2016.1.10 完成任务书、开题2016.2.25-2.16.3.9 毕业实习调研,完成开题报告、英文翻译、论文大纲2016.3.19-2016.4.25 提交论文草稿,4月中旬中期检查2016.4.26-2016.5.6 提交论文定稿2016.5.6-2016.5.13 准备答辩2016.5.13-2016.5.26 答辩,成绩评定,修改完成最终稿所在专业审查意见:通过负责人: 2015 年 12 月23 日 毕 业 设 计(论 文)开 题 报 告设计(论文)题目:家用自动跑步机机械结构设计 学生姓名:专业:所在学院:指导教师:职称:年 月日 开题报告填写要求1开题报告(含“文献综述”)作为毕业设计(论文)答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一。此报告应在指导教师指导下,由学生在毕业设计(论文)工作前期内完成,经指导教师签署意见及所在专业审查后生效;2开题报告内容必须用黑墨水笔工整书写或按教务处统一设计的电子文档标准格式打印,禁止打印在其它纸上后剪贴,完成后应及时交给指导教师签署意见;3“文献综述”应按论文的框架成文,并直接书写(或打印)在本开题报告第一栏目内,学生写文献综述的参考文献应不少于15篇(不包括辞典、手册);4有关年月日等日期的填写,应当按照国标GB/T 740894数据元和交换格式、信息交换、日期和时间表示法规定的要求,一律用阿拉伯数字书写。如“2004年4月26日”或“2004-04-26”。5、开题报告(文献综述)字体请按宋体、小四号书写,行间距1.5倍。毕 业 设 计(论文) 开 题 报 告 1结合毕业设计(论文)课题情况,根据所查阅的文献资料,每人撰写不少于1000字左右的文献综述: 一、前言1996年之前,电动跑步机都是国外产品,进入家庭的大都是由自行车厂改制的生产厂制造的机械跑步机,国人对价格几万乃至十几万元的进口电动跑步机望而生畏。目前,生产电动跑步机的企业集中在长江三角洲、山东半岛及粤、闽沿海地区,总数约为50余家,其中具备规模的约为15家,而合资、独资企业约占50%。跑步机是家庭及健身房常备的器材,而且是当今家庭健身器材中最简单的一种,是家庭健身器的最佳选择。所以我认为跑步机日后会越来越受欢迎。二、研究意义在这个时代,每个人都想要拥有健康的身体和完美的身材。越来越多的人会选择进行晨跑或者晚上出去跑步,不过对于一些比较宅不想外出运动的人,跑步机就成了最好的运动仪器。跑步机为人熟知的好处就是他可以随时随地就进行有氧运动,因为我们都知道现在的空气不是很好,这样跑步可能会对呼吸道造成损害,而只要你拥有一台跑步机,就不用担心这个问题。三、研究现状跑步机是家庭健身和健身房常备的器材,近几年来跑步机的价格不断上升,销量也持续上涨,这些迹象表明,跑步机会越来越受关注。跑步机根据其功能可以分为单功能跑步机和多功能跑步机。单功能跑步机又可以分为滚轮式和平板式,滚轮式跑步机工作时噪音特别大所以已被淘汰。平板式跑步机是目前健身房最常见的跑步机,由人主动在上面运动,使人感觉和真实跑步一样,并且上面有一个电子屏可以看到跑步者的心率、时速、时间、热量等数据。不过目前跑步机的发展趋势倾向于多功能跑步机,多功能跑步机具备了多种锻炼功能、使用方便所以受到很多人的喜爱。跑步机确实是一款非常方便的运动器材,不过目前大部分的跑步机还不够轻盈,所以以后的跑步机在设计上会更加注重让跑步机能够变得轻盈并且尽量不占地。四、研究内容电动跑步机系机电一体化产品,采用汇编语言编程,用计算机控制,系国家鼓励的发展行业。该产品的发展带动了钢管制造、塑料制品、电子工业,电机工业等系列发展,使人们身体锻炼不受场地、环境、气候的制约,寓体育锻炼于休闲娱乐之中,全面提高国民身体素质。该产品制作过程中,无污染物及有害物质产生,外采购钢铁、塑料配件,电子元器件组装,是绿色制造产业。 分析市场的广阔前景,由此设计一种多功能的自动跑步机,根据市场上现有的跑步机,在其原有功能的基础上进行改进,具备液晶显示、记时速度、距离、心跳、血压测量等功能技术指标:1)要求具备计时、速度、心跳、血压、距离测量等基本功能2)增加体重测量、定时提醒、MP3等新功能3)进行装配、渲染,制作产品的宣传海报4)外形设计宜人跑步机的基本功能就是构建一条运动的跑道(跑步带),跑道的运动方向与运动者的跑动方向相反,但速度必须自动保持一致,这样就使得运动者能够在原地进行跑步锻炼了。实现跑步机的功能,对跑步带的驱动与速度控制:通常使用直流电动机驱动,直流电动机通过半导体功率器件,使用脉冲宽度控制(PWM)方式实现调速。 设计的基本要求:(1)设计图纸规范、清晰、准确,图面布局匀称,表达准确清楚,图面清洁。(2)结构设计中要求做到:方案合理,计算准确无误,计算书写工整。 (3)设计说明书叙述详尽、内容完整,表达准确,设计计算正确,图表、字体、文献资料引用符合相应规范。课题成果要求:(1)总装配图一份;(2)零件图一份;(3)开题报告一份;(4)论文大纲一份;(5)外文资料翻译一份;(6)毕业设计说明书一份。 参考文献:1 陈立德.机械设计基础M北京:高等教育出版社20082 李海萍.机械设计基础 M.北京:机械工业出版社.20053 马晓丽.机械产品设计M.北京:机械工业出版社.20094 张春林.机械创新设计M.北京:机械工业出版社.20075 孙开元,骆素君.常见机构设计及应用图例M.北京:化学工业出版社.20106 李萍萍,贺炜.机械制图与计算机绘图 M.北京:机械工业出版社.20067 王道林.机械制造技术M.南京:江苏教育出版社.20068 卜研.实用轴承技术手册M北京:机械工业出版社20049 夏新涛.滚动轴承制造工艺学M北京:机械工业出版社.200710 刘鸿文.材料力学(第四版)M北京:高等教育出版社200411 孔庆华,刘传绍.极限配合与测量技术基础M.上海:同济大学出版社.200212 孙桓,陈作模.机械原理M.北京:北京高等教育出版社,200013 周泽华.理论力学M.北京:高等教育出版.199214 郑秀本.机械制造技术基础M.北京:高等教育出版社.199015 宋淑彩,刘建臣.Autocad 2007实用教程M.北京:国防工业出版社,200916 詹友刚.PRO/ENGINEER野火版5.0机械设计教程M.北京:机械工业出版社,201117 朱家诚.机械设计课程设计M.合肥:合肥工业大学出版社,200518 成大先.机械设计手册(减(变)速器.电机与电器)M.沈阳:化学工业出版社,199919 张玉,刘平.几何量公差与测量技术M.沈阳东北大学出版社,199920 哈尔滨工业大学理论力学教研组.理论力学M.北京高等教育出版社,1997毕 业 设 计(论文) 开 题 报 告 2本课题要研究或解决的问题和拟采用的研究手段(途径): 1. 本课题要研究或解决的问题本课题是针对跑步机机械结构部分的设计及研究。现在跑步机因为它的许多优良的特性,已被人们所熟知。跑步机采用带传动的方式进行工作。本课题研究的方向侧重于跑步机的机械结构,但是因为对于跑步机的了解较少因此要去生产跑步机的厂家进行调研,了解跑步机的运动原理以及构造。2. 研究方法、途径和步骤(1)研究方法和途径1)查阅资料,翻译英文资料认真研究获得的有关机械设计制造方面的专著、学术期刊和学位论文,从中间获取设计的前沿资料和先进技术,并且借鉴其设计方法,用于自己的设计当中;对于英文文献资料应该对其进行翻译,结合课题,对其进行利用。2)熟练掌握设计所需的内容复习以前所学设计有关的专业知识,并熟练的运用到设计中去。还要学习一些设计中所用到的其它方面的知识,如:利用AutoCAD进行二维图的绘制。(2)设计步骤1)用AutoCAD绘制出装配图以及零件图;2)对实体进行分析;3)确定电动机参数;4)传动机构的设计;5)外形结构的设计;6)前后滚筒的设计;7)跑步板和跑步带的设计;8)减震系统的设计;9)多功能设计。毕 业 设 计(论文) 开 题 报 告 指导教师意见:1对“文献综述”的评语:文献综述部分内容较完整,能够结合课题对该领域研究现状进行较好的了解,写作格式较规范。2对本课题的深度、广度及工作量的意见和对设计(论文)结果的预测:本课题工作量适中,涉及本专业主要课程内容,能较好锻炼学生的综合设计能力。学生能够较好的理解课题要研究或解决的问题,拟采用的研究方法和研究步骤较合理。3.是否同意开题: 同意 不同意 指导教师: 2016 年 03 月 03 日所在专业审查意见:同意 负责人: 2016 年 03 月 08 日毕 业 设 计(论 文)外 文 参 考 资 料 及 译 文译文题目:电动跑步机行业呼唤中国名牌 学生姓名:专业:所在学院:指导教师:职称:外文原文The electronic race apparatus trade calls Chinas famous brandThe domestic electricity wins the race in the familyBefore 1996, electronic race apparatuses were all foreign products, the ones that entered the family were mostly mechanical race apparatuses that factories reformed system of by the bicycle factory made, compatriots inspire awe even from distance to the imported electronic race apparatus of the price of several ten thousand and even more than ten ten thousand yuanAfter 1993, with the adjustment of the international industrial structure, S.Korean enterprises shifted to our country, it is the happy and auspicious group company of Shandong that utilizes the electrical machinery of this area, controls the advantage that the power produces at first, set up the special factory in 1994, through the working ability of the substantiating machine, combined domestic and international information, the happy and auspicious group all produced the electronic race apparatus of family expenses in order to make the part by oneself in 1995, and exhibit at the rich meeting of body of Nanchang of next year. Praised as gathering together the auspicious electronic race apparatus of the brand of the first nationality, the output reached 7,000 in that year, the sales volume reaches 5,000, has held the beginning of producing the domestic electronic race apparatus. Up to the production capacity of producing 100,000 per year by 2004 through the technological transformation not stopping , sell race apparatus 4 in the same year. 80,000, output value is 93,600,000 yuan, income from sales is 72 million yuan, finished ISO9001 and European Union CE authentication at the same time , and is chosen as leading brand products in Shandong.Gather together the auspicious electronic race apparatus in order to expand the production scale , the resources of production of rational utilization, successively for some domestic enterprises sticking brand production , improved the domestic occupation rate of the electronic race apparatus greatly, have offer for numerous enterprises and develop samples too, has driven the flourishing development of the whole trade.The electricity runs: Fashionable body-building products of the fairly comfortable lifeAt present, enterprises which produce the electronic race apparatus centre in the coastal area of the Changjiang Delta , Shandong Peninsula , Guangdong , Fujian, the total amount is about more than 50, it is about 15 that possess scale among them, and the joint-venture , proprietorship account for 50%.The electronic race apparatus is the integrated products of electromechanics, adopt assembler language programming, control with the computer, it is the development trade that the country encourages . The development of this product has driven making, plastic products , electronics industry of steel tube , electrical machinery industry ,etc. series develop , make people health is it limit by place , environment , climate to do exercises, contain physical training in recreation amusement, improve the national physique in an all-round way. In this production course, there are not pollutant and harmful substance that are produced , purchase the steel , plastic fittings outside, the electronic devices and components are assembled, is the green manufacture industryThe Central Party Committee which regards Hu Jintao as the General Secretary advocates building harmonious and orderly development environment in a more cost-effective manner, the development of the electronic race apparatus sticks to this theme closely, is playing an important role in driving the trade structural adjustment. Raise through the national income entering the well-off society, the electronic race apparatus begins to enter the family too in recent years, it for example cant gather together the auspicious brand race apparatus not electronic in in, sales volumes of small city chase there arent annual increment, a lot of urban and rural residents growing rich choose this superior way of building up body one after another , the race apparatus designed in large quantities of humanization is coming out, improve through electronic technology , the technology of the computer , transformation of making the equipment frock , its development space is very big, is a kind of products with sustainable development prospectThree major key elements of promoting national economy to increase healthily are consumption , investment , net export. The development of and the electronic race apparatus, occupy very great proportion among them. One that is with domestic Engel coefficient constant to reduce, by clothing,food,lodging and transportion to raise life quality develop people, the electronic race apparatus will be the optimum seeking apparatus of compatriots fitness , because by the look of experience of foreign countries, go on balance temper and become the fashion at electronic race apparatus. Classifying looking from national economy, it belongs to the tertiary industry that sports is consumed, it exceeds 10% in succession to accelerate in recent years, and the speed is accelerated year by year. The share of spuring grwoth of the national economic of consumption of sports and keeping fit will inevitablely continue increasing . This kind of fitness is consumed and contained relatively widely, have both consumption of resident and public consumption (such as health club ), its consumption acceleration rate exceeds 20%, among them, the electronic race apparatus exceeds 40%, have stronger growth momentum.Intellectual property right and trade frictionThe intellectual property right becomes soft rib of the sports goods industry of our country, it is the production that because we are correlated with to market economy and with the sports products, it invent, trade,etc. the knowledge one possession, belong to, know little about game the rules and laws and regulations and the information not relevant not transfer. One sports apparatus or equipment know which country invent , others had already registered unexpectedly, under the situation which contents are registered, but we have produced and sold for many years. Not merely the style , structure are the same for some products, even appearance , color are very close , the more sad one is, because to to ignore above-mentioned situation, we hold oneself is it reach product this birthplace go for exhibiting , sale to produce also, we say , an invention technology or the patented product must go through long and difficult exploration and study , It has condensed the intelligence and energies of the scientific research personnel of sports, the original inventor has paid hardships of going beyond the normal condition for this, ought to receive the protection of the respect and law of the society . One of market obtain products that patent sanction is it copy to copy producer of us already in our country, there is not innovation , this not merely serious others patent for invention of infringement at all, Make the bringing the doctrine and entering into the mistaken idea in vogue for a time of sports goods industry of our country too. Do it in this way, in comparatively close planned economic system, may little someone find or investigate , but today, the gateway of a country is opened further, we must pay a price for this . In 2001, our family participated in U.S.A.s super exhibition, the sample was just a exhibition, have been detained all products, carry on negotiations several times and make a self-criticism in writing on the grounds of infringing by others, have paid the expensive fine finally; This year, at the rich meeting of German body, the exhibit of another enterprise of ours is asserted and infringed, the other side must speak to and does not forgive people , our enterprises admit a fault , ready to pay the penalty and does not miss , and humiliate this enterprise by every means in public , pass the diplomatic channel finally, the embassy negotiates, has dealt with this . Happen when this kind of case is on our countrys market , on the body of our enterprise, the normal order that has not merely disrupted the market, has infringed the interests of rights and interests people, have reduce the international reputation of made in China , has damaged the public image of reform and opening-up of our country too.After our country enters the WTO , the self-satisfied Chinese brand is trying hard to seize the opportunity, while going abroad, the western developed country has made the strategic defence in time with this, set up to of our country sports goods including technology , standard , getting green environmental protection , move plant protection , anti-dumping , intellectual property right , community responsibility dishes of dishes of barrier, close down , stop the entry of the like product with the extremely unkind clause . Meanwhile, they also used three unique skills , first, strengthened the registered dynamics to the patented technology of the products. In 2002, accounted for 5 at home in our country authorized the patent for invention. 2%, and accounts for 76 abroad. 1%; Accounts for 3 at home in the post with high technical advantage is invented. 6%, and accounts for 96 abroad. 2%.Second, the one that strengthened to the market of our country was monitored . In order to safeguard its ones own image and interests, attack the rival, the external brand is sent full-time or hire personnel, but the great majority are still the commercial networks utilizing the whole country to open, carry on omni-directional monitoring to the market of our country. They carry on the investigation to classification of the goods , selling structure , product cost and consumer demand in the name of surveying and studying the market. A main one to investigate tort of all kinds of of the like product, including product design , appearance , inside structure , enterprise identification and various kinds of datum ,etc., then assemble the picture , material object and written historical materials in the policy-making level of the company in time. On the market not normal of our country at present, all kinds of imitate , infringe the phenomenon and exist seriously, they once opportunity ripe, can hit out severely, never soft, as to this we must highly watch out for .Third, strengthen and is protected and put to the customs on record and applied working. The external brand tries hard to solve from flowing into outside the border and from exporting to the fake and forged products of the overseas market within the border through this kind of way , have domestic and international 1300 more than share is it is it involve thousands of of brand to apply to put on record 2003, through to protect jointly the whole country all pass, have notable effect.Because of the absolute predominance in price of sports goods of our country , make international trade rub constantly, embody in the anti-dumping mainly. Taking sports shoes as an example, our country is the manufacture big country of sports shoes in the world, because the domestic market is limited in capacity, the majority depended on exporting, 2003, exported about 3,200 million pairs. Nike shoes the whole world sell 60% China production, beautiful Tianjin strong shoes the whole world sell 90% make for China, world shoes-making big country Spain have 14 sports shoes factory, sports shoes that China makes import more than 70 million pairs every year, price of each pair of ordinary sports shoes is more than 20 euro on this countrys market. And the sports shoes price of 3-2 euro of equal quality which China make.In OEM business, our country processes about about 3 dollars for a pair of better sports shoes profit, processing one racket 1-2 U.S. dollar, make one have 70 more than air gun profit that part make up in 10 dollars about, processing is about in 7-8 dollars a top-grade sportswear. But once products that China make these stick identification , world of famous brand, know personal value ten to dozens of times. China span and weave the big country in the world at the same time , after protection period, clothing quota cancels the global fabrics, the sportswears of our country will gain larger development space on the international market. A large amount of good and inexpensive made in China enters the international market, has brought the generous profit to businessmen of various countries, great too amazing and national consumer market, The ones that caused the importer are panic and uneasy at the same time, they regard made in China as dreadful monsters, is it seize market of them to think, then claim case , case of encroachment of right , anti-dumping probe , cook shoes incident ,etc. to is it discriminate against restriction incident of color happen again and again seriously to have, it is estimated after protection period, this kind of incident will still continue happenning.No famous brand , no competitivenessThe precedence accounted for in national economy of sports industry of the developed country ranks more than ten location , main trade and main power of grwoth of the national economic, because our country trade this does not unify and not centralized lacking regulation and control that putting in place and counting systemming, so, guide and encourage the momentum of this industry development to lag behind correspondingly . But with the deepening development and drive of the Olympic Games economy of the national fitness campaign, regard famous-brand strategy implementation as opportunity, combine industrial structure constantly, the trade will demonstrate important status of national economy their more and more.The manufacturing industry of the foreign electronic race apparatus started since last century later stage of the seventies, compared with like product in our country, except that have and relatively take the lead in style diversification and surtax functional development, other disparity are relatively small. Such as steel, the belted steel that my national treasure steel , Anshan Iron and Steel Plant ,etc. produce reaches or exceeds the international standard , related steel tube its is it reach foreign standard too to make, electrical machinery wait for electricity run fittings is it digest and assimilate to adopt, we develop in the international advanced ranks from material to new style. So, the electronic race apparatus is different from the plane , automobile trade , nearly have little disparity with advanced level in foreign countries. Therefore, the internationally famous electricity runs in the manufacturing enterprise and pays close attention to day by day, has already begun to let enterprises of our country produce sticking to brand products for it.Though growth momentum fine, domestic electricity run circumstances at domestic and international markets or have difference. Main reason not strong of the competitiveness in the international market of the domestic electronic race apparatus, lack the effect of leading brand products. And compared with overseas enterprise start than such reasons as the impact to the market for late , some fake and forged production of small enterprise ,etc., have weakened the market competitiveness of the domestic electronic race apparatus tooAt present,love brand not internationally famous health , strength strong in, must true, space, having a match there arent one hundred, some furnish a huge amount of money for making the investment and founding the factory, and exert pressure to domestic enterprises with higher brand awareness, under this situation , promote the emergence of leading brand products of electronic race apparatus as soon as possible, can yet be regarded as the government and promote one of the national industry of the electronic race apparatus effectively, promote national brand and domestic product raise a heavy shortcut , international market of competitiveness too. In a situation that the international market competition of the electronic race apparatus is fierce , domestic product will you please win , could move forward in close relations effectively in time with famous brand strategy.The strong promotion of the Whole-Peop1e Health-Building Plan, the pulling of sports consumption of the Olympic Games economy, drive the tremendous development of the sports industry effectively, have far-reaching meanings in promoting the public cognition degree of the Chinese sports goods, to the development of the sports goods industry including electronic race apparatus, to the whole promotion promoting the sports goods industry trade, construct scale merit, enter the global markets , will all offer a large stage, sports and keeping fit undertaking and the Olympic Games economy are all calling Chinas famous brand , the electronic race apparatus is calling Chinas famous brand .外文译文电动跑步机行业呼唤中国名牌国产电跑第一家 1996年之前,电动跑步机都是国外产品,进入家庭的大都是由自行车厂改制的生产厂制造的机械跑步机,国人对价格几万乃至十几万元的进口电动跑步机望而生畏。 1993年以后,随着国际产业结构的调整,韩国企业向我国转移,首先是山东祥和集团公司利用该地区电机、控制电源生产的优势,于1994年组建了专厂,通过充实机加工能力,结合国内外信息,祥和集团于1995年生产出了全部为自制部件的家用电动跑步机,并于次年的南昌体博会上参展。被誉为第一个民族品牌的汇祥电动跑步机,当年产量达到七千台,销量达到五千台,开了生产国产电动跑步机的先河。通过不停的技术改造,到2004年达到了年产十万台的生产能力,同年销售跑步机4.8万台,产值9360万元,销售收入7200万元,同时完成了ISO9001及欧盟CE认证,并被评为山东名牌产品。 汇祥电动跑步机为扩大生产规模,合理利用生产资源,先后为一些国产企业贴牌生产,极大地提高了电动跑步机的国产占有率,也为众多企业提供了发展样品,带动了整个行业的蓬勃发展。电跑:小康生活的时尚健身产品 目前,生产电动跑步机的企业集中在长江三角洲、山东半岛及粤、闽沿海地区,总数约为50余家,其中具备规模的约为15家,而合资、独资企业约占50%。 电动跑步机系机电一体化产品,采用汇编语言编程,用计算机控制,系国家鼓励的发展行业。该产品的发展带动了钢管制造、塑料制品、电子工业,电机工业等系列发展,使人们身体锻炼不受场地、环境、气候的制约,寓体育锻炼于休闲娱乐之中,全面提高国民身体素质。该产品制作过程中,无污染物及有害物质产生,外采购钢铁、塑料配件,电子元器件组装,是绿色制造产业。 以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央大力倡导建设和谐有序的发展环境,电动跑步机的发展就紧贴这一主题,为带动行业结构调整发挥着重要作用。通过进入小康社会的国民收入提高,电动跑步机近年来也开始进入家庭,例如汇祥牌电动跑步机在中、小城市的销售量逐年增量超过50%,许多富裕起来的城乡居民纷纷选择这一优越的健身方式,一大批人性化设计的跑步机正在问世,通过电子技术、计算机技术、制造设备工装的改造革新,其发展空间很大,是一种有可持续发展前途的产品。促进国民经济健康增长的三大要素为消费、投资、净出口。而电动跑步机的发展,在其中占有很大比重。随着国内恩格尔系数的不断降低,人们由衣食住行向提高生活质量发展,电动跑步机将是国人健身的优选器材,因为,从国外的经验看,在电动跑步机上进行平衡锻炼已经成为时尚。从国民经济分类看,体育消费属第三产业,近年增速连续超过10%,而且速度逐年加快。体育健身的消费拉动国民经济增长的份额必然会继续增加。这种健身消费涵盖较广,既有居民消费又有公共消费(如健身俱乐部等),它的消费增速超过20%,其中,电动跑步机超过40%,具有较强的发展势头。知识产权与贸易摩擦 知识产权之所以成为我国体育用品业的“软肋”,是因为我们对市场经济以及与体育产品相关的生产、发明、贸易、等知识的拥有、归属、转让的游戏规则以及相关法律、法规和信息知之甚少。一件体育器材或设备竟在不知道是哪国发明的,人家是否已经注册,注册了哪些内容的情况下,我们却生产和卖了多年。有的产品不仅款式、结构一样,连外观、颜色都十分相近,更可悲的是,由于对上述情况的漠视,我们还拿着自己生产的(实际上是仿造人家的专利产品)到该产品的诞生地去参展、销售,我们说,一件发明技术或专利产品都必须经历漫长而艰难的探索和研究,它凝聚了体育科研人员的智慧和心血,原发明者为此付出了超常的艰辛,理应受到社会的尊重和法律的保护。在我国市场一件已经获专利批准的产品被我们的厂家抄来抄去,毫无创新,这不仅严重的侵犯了人家的发明专利,也使我国体育用品业一度盛行的“拿来主义”走入了误区。这样做,在较为封闭的计划经济体制下,可能少有人发现或追究,但在国门进一步打开的今天,我们必须为此而付出代价。2001年,我们一家参加美国超级展,样品刚一展出,就被人家以侵权为由,扣留了全部的产品,几经交涉和书面检讨,最终交了昂贵的罚款;今年,在德国体博会上,我们的另一家企业的展品又被认定侵权,对方得理不饶人,我们的企业认错、认罚都不放过,并当众对该企业百般羞辱,最后还是通过外交途径,使馆出面交涉,处理了此事。此类案件在我国市场、在我们企业的身上时有发生,不仅扰乱了市场的正常秩序,侵犯了权益人的利益,降低了 “中国制造”的国际声誉,也损害了我国改革开放的公众形象。 我国入世后,踌躇满志的中国品牌正力图抓住机遇,走出国门之际,西方发达国家对此及时做出了战略性防御,对我国体育用品设置了包括技术、标准、绿色环保、动植物保护、反倾销、知识产权以及社会责任等道道壁垒,用极其刻薄的条款封杀、阻挡同类产品的进入。与此同时,他们还使出了三道“杀手锏”,一是加大了对产品专利技术的注册力度。2002年,在我国授权发明专利中,国内占5.2,而国外占76.1;在技术含量较高的职务发明中,国内占3.6,而国外占96.2。 二是加强对我国市场的监视。为维护其自身的形象和利益,打击竞争对手,境外品牌派专职或雇佣人员,但大多数还是利用全国开设的销售网点,对我国市场进行全方位的监视。他们以调研市场为名,对商品类别、销售结构、产品价格以及消费者需求进行调查。最主要的是调查同类产品中各类的侵权行为,包括产品设计、外观、内部结构、企业标识及各种数据等,然后将图片、实物及文字资料及时汇聚于公司决策层。目前在我国不尽规范的市场上,各类假冒、侵权现象严重存在,他们一旦时机成熟,便会重拳出击,决不手软,对此我们必须高度警惕。 三是加大对海关保护备案申请工作。境外品牌力图通过这种途径来解决从境外流入和从境内出口到国外市场的假冒伪劣产品,2003年有国内外1300多份备案申请涉及品牌数千种,通过了全国所有关口的联手保护,成效显著。 由于我国体育用品在价格上的绝对优势,使国际贸易中摩擦不断,主要体现在反倾销。以运动鞋为例,我国是世界上运动鞋制造大国,由于国内市场容量有限,绝大部分靠出口,2003年,出口约32亿双。耐克鞋全球销售60%为中国生产,美津浓鞋全球销售90为中国制造,世界制鞋大国西班牙有14个运动鞋厂,中国制造的运动鞋每年进口7000多万双,该国市场上每双普通运动鞋价格在20多欧元。而中国制造的同等质量的运动鞋售价32欧元。在OEM业务中,我国加工一双较好的运动鞋利润约在3美元左右,加工一支羽毛球拍12美元,制造一支有70多个零件组成的气枪利润在10美元左右,加工一套高档的运动服在78美元左右。然而这些中国
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