1490-曲轴箱机械加工工艺规程及工艺装备设计
1490-曲轴箱机械加工工艺规程及工艺装备设计,曲轴,机械,加工,工艺,规程,装备,设备,设计
大连水产学院本科毕业论文(设计) 前言- 1 -前 言毕业设计是对我们在大学学习的一次检验,也是给我们了一个能综合运用各门学科知识的机会。因此,我真心希望能通过这次设计,检验一下自我水平,并进一步锻炼自己,并能够学习更多的知识,把理论与实践结合起来,为以后走上工作岗位打下坚实的基础。我们这次设计的是电机曲轴箱加工工艺规程及装备设计。箱体零件在机器中的主要起支撑作用,通过安装在其中的轴带动各个轮,实现变速,工作条件是润滑好,刚性高,保证齿轮间的正确啮合,以保证精度的变速。而夹具的作用是保证加工精度;提高生产率,降低成本;扩大机床的工艺范围及减轻工人的劳动强度。因此,夹具的设计更学要设计者有丰富的经验,从而使夹具使用方便,成本低。由于近些年的制造技术的飞跃发展,出现了许多新的加工制造技术,如数控技术、集成制造技术、柔性制造技术以及设计与工艺一体化。从而使如今的加工工艺规程的编制区别于传统的加工工艺。因此,需要我们学习更多的知识才能做好此次设计。通过专业课的学习,设计起来也能得心应手,在工艺编排方面充分考虑到生产纲领以及现有的设备,与实际相联系,注重合理性、经济性、效益性。在工装设计方面,扩大了应用范围,可以用与加工本工步,其它类似的工步也可以用同一夹具。在设计当中,深感,作为一名设计员不但需要扎实的知识,而且需有严谨、求实、创新的精神与作风,才能很好的完成此次设计。由于本人水平有限,在设计中难免有不足甚至出现错误,敬请老师批评指正。谢谢!编者 2007-6-5大连水产学院本科毕业论文(设计) 参考文献- 28 -参 考 文 献1 王小华主编,机床夹具图册。机械工业出版社 1992 2 金属机械加工工艺人员手册。 上海科学技术出版社 19793 李洪主编,机械制造工艺设计指导。 车水-工学院出版社 19894 王绍俊编,机械制造工艺设计手册 哈工大出版社 19845 机械制造工艺及设备设计手册 机械工艺出版社 19906 东北重机学院主编,机床夹具设计手册 上海科技出版社 19907 杨黎明主编,机械零件设计手册国防工业出版社 19848 吴宗泽编,机械设计课程设计手册高等教育出版社 1992 9 陈鏊奚编,机械制造工艺学。辽宁科学技术出版社 199032Machine-finishing technological process and technological documentone, machine-finishing technological process The machine-finishing technological process is stipulates the components machine-finishing technological process and the operating procedure and so on the technological document.It is the machine manufacture factory most main technology document.Its concrete function is as follows: 1. The technological process is instructs the production the main technical document, is directs the scene production the basis. Regarding large quantities of mass production factory, because the production organization is strict, the division of labor is careful, the request technological process quite is detailed, can be advantageous for the organization and the direction production.Regarding the single unit small serial production factory, the technological process may simple.But regardless of the scale of production size, all must have the technological process, otherwise the production scheduling, the technical preparation, the key technologies research, the equipment disposition and so on all are unable to arrange, the production will fall into chaotic.At the same time, the technological process also is deals with the production issue the basis, if the product quality question, may be clear about each production unit according to the technological process the responsibility.Carries on the production according to the technological process, is advantageous for the guarantee product quality, obtains the high production efficiency and the economic efficiency. 2. The technological process is the production organization and the supervisory work basic basis. First, had the technological process, before new product investment production, may carry on before the related production the technology preparatory work.For example for the components processing preparation engine bed, designs the special-purpose labor, clamps, the measuring instrument and so on.Next, the factory design and the dispatch department basis technological process, arranges various components the batch feeding time and quantity, the adjuster load, various job sites have the rhythm according to a man-hour of fixed quantity to carry on the production and so on, causes the entire enterprise various administrative offices, the workshop, the construction section and the job site close coordination, guaranteed completes the productive plan balanced. 3. The technological process is newly built either changes (expands) the construction work factory or the workshop basic document. When newly built either changes (expands) the construction work factory or the workshop, only then based on the technological process can determine the production needs engine bed and other equipment type, quantity and specification; Workshop area; Engine bed layout; Produces workers kind of work in a factory, the technical rank and quantity; Auxiliary departments arrangement. But, the technological process is not fixed invariable, it is produces the worker and technical personnels in production process practice summary, it may carry on the revision according to the production actual situation, causes it to improve and the consummation unceasingly, but must have the strict examination and approval procedure. Second, technological process making principle 33The technological process formulation principle is high quality, the high production, the low cost, namely in under the guarantee product quality premise, strives for the best economic efficiency.When making technological process should pay attention to the following question: In technical sophistication When making technological process, must understand the domestic and foreign this profession the processing technology level of development, through the essential engineer testing, uses the advanced craft and the craft equipment positively. 2. In economical rationality Under certain working condition, possibly can appear several kinds to be able to guarantee the components specification the craft plan, this time should or contrasts mutually through the calculation, in the choice economy the most reasonable plan, causes the product the energy, the material consumption and the production cost is lowest. 3. Has the good work conditionWhen making technological process, must pay attention guaranteed when worker operation has good and the safe work condition.Therefore, must pay attention in the craft plan uses the mechanization or the automated measure, reduces the light industry altogether numerous and diverse physical labor. Third, time making technological process firsthand information Time the making technological process firsthand information mainly has: 1. Product pattern and engineering factor. If product assembly drawing and detail drawing; 2. Product craft plan. If product acceptance testing and evaluation quality specification, semifinished materials material and so on; 3. Product spare part craft route table or workshop division of labor detailed list.Understands the product and enterprises management situation;4. Product production guiding principle (annual output).In order to determination production type; 5. This enterprises working condition. In order to draw up the technological process is practical and feasible, certainly must understand and the familiar this enterprises working condition.If semifinished materials productivity, workers technical level as well as special purpose equipment and craft equipment manufacturing capacity, enterprise existing equipment condition and so on; 6. Related craft standard. If each craft handbook and graph, but also should be familiar with this enterprise each kind of enterprise standard and the profession standard; 7. Related equipment and craft equipment and material.The equipment and the craft equipment selects which regarding this technological process should have understood thoroughly, like specification, performance, new old degree and existing precision and so on; 8. Domestic and foreign similar product related craft material.The technological process making, needs to study the domestic and foreign related craft material frequently, positively introduces the suitable advanced processing technology, raises the technological level unceasingly, obtains the maximum economic efficiency. 34Fourth, making technological process step 1 Computation components production guiding principle, determination production type; 2. Analysis product assembly pattern and components pattern Mainly includes the components the processing technology capability, the assembly technology capability, the main processing surface and the specification, the understanding components in product function; 3. Definite semifinished materials type, structure shape, manufacture method and so on; 4. Drafts the craft route Including the preferred orientation datum, determines various superficial the processing method, the division processing stage, the determination working procedure centralism and the disperser degree, the reasonable arrangement processing order and so on;5. Determines various working procedures the processing remainder, the computation working procedure size and the common difference; 6. Chooses the equipment and the craft equipment;7. Determination cutting specifications and computing time fixed quantity; 8. Filling in technological document. Fifth, technological document form The technological document content, fills in certain form the card, namely becomes the production to prepare and to construct the basis technological document.The commonly used technological document form has the following several kinds1. Machine-finishing technological process card This kind of card take the working procedure as a unit, briefly lists the craft route which the entire components processing passes through (including semifinished materials manufacture, machine-finishing and heat treatment and so on).It is draws up other technological document the foundation, also produces the basis which the preparation, the arrangement work plan and the organization produce.In this kind of card, because various working procedures showing insufficiently is concrete, therefore not directly instructs the worker to operate generally, but many uses as the production management aspect.But in single unit small serial production.Because usually does not establish other detailed technological document, but on by this kind of card instruction production.The machine-finishing technological process card sees Table 3-5 to show. Machine-finishing process chartThe machine-finishing process chart is take the working procedure as a unit, explains the entire technological process in detail one technological document.It is uses for to instruct the worker to produce and to help the shop management personnel and the technical personnel grasps the entire components processing process one kind of main technical document, is widely uses in the mass productions the components and in the important components small serial production.The machine-finishing process chart content including the components material, the weight, the semifinished materials type, the process number, the working procedure name, the working procedure content, the craft parameter, the operation requests the equipment and the craft equipment which as well as uses and so on.The machine-finishing process chart form sees Table 3-6 to show. 3. Machine-finishing working procedure card The machine-finishing working procedure card is the basis machine-finishing process chart is a working procedure making.It explained in detail entire components each working procedure 35the request, is uses for specifically to instruct the technological document which the worker operates.Must draw the working procedure diagram on this kind of card, explained this working procedure each labor step content, the craft parameter, the operation request as well as use the equipment and the craft equip.Uses in large quantities of mass productions generally the components.The machine-finishing working procedure card form sees Table 3-7.大连水产学院毕业设计(论文)开题报告表课题名称 曲轴箱机械加工工艺规程及工艺装备设计 题目性质 真实 题目类型 设计 题目来源 生产 学生姓名 刘鹏 专 业 机械设计制造及其自动化导 师 毛 建 锋课题简介本课题的零件图取自某电机的产品图。属于箱体类零件它是由各部件中的轴套,齿轮等有关零件连接成一个零件整体,并使之保持正确的相互位置,以传递转矩或改变转速来完成规定的运动。目前该零件主要采取普通机械加工设备进行加工。结合企业的现状及机械加工行业的发展趋势,拟采用普通与数控设备相结合的办法进行加工。完成该课题需 1215 周。预期结果为该零件的工艺规程卡、夹具图、数控加工程序及夹具仿真动画等。结果表现形式为全部设计图纸及设计说明书。其中说明书及 85%以上的图纸必须形成电子文档。具体任务、内容及要求(包括设计计算、实验分析、绘图质量各类图纸纸张、外文翻译及撰写外文摘要等要求)设计条件与原始数据:1 曲轴箱零件图纸一张2 零件年产量 3000 件3 设备工装自选4 设计手册若干套主要设计内容:1 绘制零件图2 绘制毛坯图3 制定机械加工工序卡4 设计(指定工序的)夹具 25 套,绘制装配图5 绘制夹具主要零件图6 编写设计说明书一份三、要求1绘图量:折成 A0 号图纸 4 张其中 85%以上的图纸形成电子文档。2设计计算及说明书字数不少于 10000 字,并形成电子文档。完成 3000 字以上的外文参考文献翻译,完成 1500 字以上的文献综述撰写等工作。实习调研、查阅资料 第 12 周 上机运算(绘图) 第 513 周方案确定、开题报告 第 34 周 撰写说明书(论文) 第 14 周设计计算(实验) 第 513 周 上交设计(论文) 第 15 周指导教师签名:毛建锋 毕业论文(设计)领导小组长签章:大连水产学院毕业设计 摘要摘 要本文首先对零件的作用和工艺性进行了分析.然后详细介绍了零件加工工艺过程的制定:1,定位基准的选择。2,制定加工工艺路线。3,选择加工设备及工艺装备。4,确定切削用量及基本工时。最后介绍了夹具的设计及计算,包括零件本工序的加工要求分析,确定夹具类型,拟定定位方案和选择定位元件确定夹紧方案确定对刀装置。关键词:加工工艺规程,定位基准,切削用量,夹具夹紧方案确定大连水产学院毕业设计 摘要AbstractThis article first has carried on the analysis to the components function and the technology capability. Then in detail introduced the components processing technological process formulation: 1, localization datum choice.2, formulation processing craft route.3, selective treatment equipment and craft equipment.4, determination cutting specifications and basic man-hour. Finally introduced the jig design and the computation, including the components this working procedure processing request analysis, the definite jig type, draws up the localization plan and the preferred orientation part determination clamp plan determination to the knife installment.Key word: Processing technological process, localization datum, cutting specifications, jig clamp plan determination29机械加工工艺规程及工艺文件一、机械加工工艺规程机械加工工艺规程是规定零件机械加工工艺过程和操作方法等的工艺文件。它是机械制造工厂最主要的技术文件。其具体作用如下: 1 工艺规程是指导生产的主要技术文件,是指挥现场生产的依据。对于大批大量生产的工厂,由于生产组织严密,分工细致,要求工艺规程比较详细,才能便于组织和指挥生产。对于单件小批生产的工厂,工艺规程可以简单些。但无论生产规模大小,都必须有工艺规程,否则生产调度、技术准备、关键技术研究、器材配置等都无法安排,生产将陷入混乱。同时,工艺规程也是处理生产问题的依据,如产品质量问题,可按工艺规程来明确各生产单位的责任。按照工艺规程进行生产,便于保证产品质量、获得较高的生产效率和经济效益。 2 工艺规程是生产组织和管理工作的基本依据。首先,有了工艺规程,在新产品投入生产之前,就可以进行有关生产前的技术准备工作。例如为零件的加工准备机床,设计专用的工、夹、量具等。其次,工厂的设计和调度部门根据工艺规程,安排各零件的投料时间和数量,调整设备负荷,各工作地按工时定额有节奏地进行生产等,使整个企业的各科室、车间、工段和工作地紧密配合,保证均衡地完成生产计划。 3 工艺规程是新建或改(扩)建工厂或车间的基本资料。在新建或改(扩)建工厂或车间时,只有依据工艺规程才能确定生产所需要的机床和其它设备的种类、数量和规格;车间的面积;机床的布局;生产工人的工种、技术等级及数量;辅助部门的安排。 但是,工艺规程并不是固定不变的,它是生产工人和技术人员在生产过程中的实践的总结,它可以根据生产实际情况进行修改,使其不断改进和完善,但必须有严格的审批手续。 二、工艺规程制订的原则工艺规程制定的原则是优质、高产、低成本,即在保证产品质量的前提下,争取最好的经济效益。在制订工艺规程时应注意下列问题: 1 技术上的先进性在制订工艺规程时,要了解国内外本行业的工艺技术的发展水平,通过必要的工艺试验,积极采用先进的工艺和工艺装备。 2 经济上的合理性在一定的生产条件下,可能会出现几种能保证零件技术要求的工艺方案,此时应通过核算或相互对比,选择经济上最合理的方案,使产品的能源、材料消耗和生产成本最低。 303 有良好的劳动条件在制订工艺规程时,要注意保证工人操作时有良好而安全的劳动条件。因此,在工艺方案上要注意采用机械化或自动化措施,以减轻工共繁杂的体力劳动。 三、制订工艺规程时的原始资料制订工艺规程时的原始资料主要有: 1 产品图样及技术条件。如产品的装配图及零件图; 2 产品的工艺方案。如产品验收质量标准、毛坯资料等; 3 产品零部件工艺路线表或车间分工明细表。以了解产品及企业的管理情况;4 产品的生产纲领(年产量)。以便确定生产类型;5 本企业的生产条件。为了制订的工艺规程切实可行,一定要了解和熟悉本企业的生产条件。如毛坯的生产能力、工人的技术水平以及专用设备与工艺装备的制造能力、企业现有设备状况等; 6 有关工艺标准。如各种工艺手册和图表,还应熟悉本企业的各种企业标准和行业标准; 7 有关设备及工艺装备和资料。对于本工艺规程选用的设备和工艺装备应有深入地了解,如规格、性能、新旧程度和现有精度等; 8 国内外同类产品的有关工艺资料。工艺规程的制订,要经常研究国内外有关工艺资料,积极引进适用的先进的工艺技术,不断提高工艺水平,以获得最大的经济效益。 四、制订工艺规程的步骤1 计算零件的生产纲领、确定生产类型;2 分析产品装配图样和零件图样主要包括零件的加工工艺性、装配工艺性、主要加工表面及技术要求,了解零件在产品中的功用; 3 确定毛坯的类型、结构形状、制造方法等;314 拟订工艺路线包括选择定位基准、确定各表面的加工方法、划分加工阶段、确定工序的集中和分散的程度、合理安排加工顺序等; 5 确定各工序的加工余量,计算工序尺寸及公差;6 选择设备及工艺装备;7 确定切削用量及计算时间定额;8 填写工艺文件。五、工艺文件格式将工艺文件的内容,填入一定格式的卡片,即成为生产准备和施工依据的工艺文件。常用的工艺文件的格式有下列几种: 1 机械加工工艺过程卡这种卡片以工序为单位,简要地列出整个零件加工所经过的工艺路线(包括毛坯制造、机械加工和热处理等)。它是制订其它工艺文件的基础,也是生产准备、编排作业计划和组织生产的依据。在这种卡片中,由于各工序的说明不够具体,故一般不直接指导工人操作,而多作为生产管理方面使用。但在单件小批生产中。由于通常不编制其它较详细的工艺文件,而就以这种卡片指导生产。机械加工工艺过程卡片见表 3-5 所示。 2 机械加工工艺卡片机械加工工艺卡片是以工序为单位,详细地说明整个工艺过程的一种工艺文件。它是用来指导工人生产和帮助车间管理人员和技术人员掌握整个零件加工过程的一种主要技术文件,是广泛用于成批生产的零件和重要零件的小批生产中。机械加工工艺卡片内容包括零件的材料、重量、毛坯种类、工序号、工序名称、工序内容、工艺参数、操作要求以及采用的设备和工艺装备等。机械加工工艺卡片格式见表 3-6 所示。 3 机械加工工序卡片机械加工工序卡片是根据机械加工工艺卡片为一道工序制订的。它更详细地说明整个零件各个工序的要求,是用来具体指导工人操作的工艺文件。在这种卡片上要画工序简图,说明该工序每一工步的内容、工艺参数、操作要求以及所用的设备及工艺装备。一般用于大批大量生产的零件。机械加工工序卡片格式见表 3-7 。
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