DZ199PLC在啤酒灌装压盖机和啤酒贴标机上的应用
DZ199PLC在啤酒灌装压盖机和啤酒贴标机上的应用,dz199plc,啤酒,灌装,压盖,以及,贴标机上,应用,利用,运用
参考文献- 40 -参考文献:1 江秀汉,李萍,薄保中.可编程序控制器原理及应用M.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1994.145259.2金广业,李景学.可编程序控制器原理与应用M.北京:电子工业出版社,1991.115201.3耿文学,华熔.微机可编程序控制器原理及应用M.北京:电子工业出版社,1990.156219.4廖常初.可编程序控制器应用技术M.重庆:重庆大学出版社,1992.255319.5袁任光.可编程序控制器(PC)应用技术及实例M.南京:南京理工大学出版社,1993.130298.6刘永波,赵军.啤酒灌装压盖机工艺流程控制系统J.本溪冶金高等专科学校学报,2001.3(1):1416.7王冬梅,许文才,李玉成.PLC 在啤酒灌装压盖机上的应用J.中国包装工业,2000.74(5):1721.8王瀚军.PLC 在啤酒灌装压盖机系统中的应用J.青岛大学学报,2001.16(2):101104.9刘晓平.啤酒贴标机工艺流程控制系统J.化工自动化仪表,2001.28(1):7273.10王波,王朋华,褚振平.可编程控制器在啤酒自动生产线上的应用J.自动化技术,1991.15(2):3739.11岑晓敏.PLC 微机控制系统在啤酒厂中的应用J.食品工业科技,1996.12(3):7475.12 Wang YongHong, Song WeiJun. Utilize PLC to improve the automatic control systems of beer production lineJ . The professorship journal of Liaoning, 2001.3 (2): 66-68.外文资料- 44 -国外PLC发展综述重庆工业自动化仪表研究所 赵有洁 摘要:主要介绍国外可编程控制器市场及其过程控制应用发展情况。在过去一些年中,PLC发展很快,产品的功能和结构不断改进,应用范围迅速扩展,从原来的顺序逻辑控制发展到连续和分批过程控制。随着技术发展,功能更强的PLC系统已经与其它控制系统,如工业控制微型机、分散型控制系统(DCS)等,在功能范围的应用方面相互渗透,甚至相互融合。在许多场合下,人们很难分清哪些是、哪些不是PLC系统。PLC实际上已经成为一种通用的微处理机控制器,广泛用于工业和过程控制。分批过程控制既需要顺序控制,也需要调节控制。这种部分采用顺控、部分采用连续模拟控制的应用任务最适合采用PLC系统进行经济、合算的控制。 PLC市场PLC市场这些年来涌现出很多新的厂家,每年出现数10种新的产品,其中有功能全、处理能力强、以各种形式结合模拟I/O和门PID回路控制的、具有优良批量处理特性的高档产品,也有价格低廉、价格性能比好、应用广泛的低档产品。新一代的分散型控制系统包括分批控制和逻辑组件,其中有的利用同一个机箱把连续控制和PLC逻辑功能结合起来,不必采用单独的PLC。据美刊Contro1Eng的不完全统计,在19831988年期间,PLC产品数量成倍增长,从1983年37个厂家、100种产品型号,增加到70个厂家,300多种产品型号。从1988年开始,国外有人预测,PLC经过几年高速发展之后,今后可能放慢增长速度。在分批控制这部分市场上,从前PLC销售额增长率大于DCS的状态可能会倒过来,预计DCS销售额增长速度将加快并超过PLC。但从总体来看,PLC将保持增长势头。根据美国从事市场分析的VD公司最近报告,预计美国市场PLC销售额在1989年接近9亿美元。平均年增长率达9.3,小型PLC大于大型PLC的年平均增长率。小型PLC销售量增长较快的一个原因,是其价格性能比的改进较快。有的保持原有的功能、降低了成本,有的保持原来的成本和规模、增强了功能。市场的成熟和竞争,迫使PLC厂家不断改进产品以求生存和发展。过程控制中的PLC从80年代初开始,就有一些化工、医药、石油和天然气公司开始把PLC系统用于过程控制任务。随着微处理机和软件技术的发展、操作员接口的使用、PLC网络的开发,人们甚至把PLC视为以低成本实现分散控制的一种技术。DCS厂家也开始用插入式分批控制器和对PLC系辽宁工程技术大学毕业设计(论文)- 45 -统的连接设备补充原来的DCS。在某些应用中,PLC厂家提供的硬件和软件已足以使他们的产品或系统与DCS厂家的进行竞争。 1技术发展促进PLC的发展 硬件、软件技术在过去几年中的进展,改善了PLC的编程特性,使它们的效率、存贮器容量相速度提高35倍。对于过程控制用的PLC,除了常规模拟输入外,还新开发了高速模拟输入,独立PID控制器、热电偶、RTD以及其它类似的模件。这些改进使数字与模拟技术的差异进一步缩小,使PLC系统比从前更加方便适用。带监控计算机的操作员接口的使用,把PLC引入了控制室。各种监控计算机,包括个人计算机(PC)、工作站、小型机都变得更加高速、有效、合算。这些监控计算机与新的标准接口组件和PLC网络相结合,能够提供屏幕显示、数据采集、记录保持、回路面板等功能。它们就相当于分散型控制系统具有的功能。 PID之类的智能I/O模件在近年中迅速发展起来。它们有效地扩展了控制系统功能,并有助于某些控制功能的分散。今天,PLC控制系统设计人员能把很多小型PLC组合在一个采用“同层通信”的高速控制链路上,并连接到PLC主机。PLC主机还可以连接到信息网络。新的通信产品增加了PLC联网能力,MAP标准取得了重大进展,不同厂家的设备兼容性增加,人们可以对多个厂家的设备进行选择。 所有这些进展,使PLC系统的处理能力和速度得到了重大改进,能够适合多种过程控制应用。PLC本身虽然没有DCS那样可观的计算和监控功能,但是各种闻于PLC的专用过程控制功能块、专用模拟I/O块、语言协处理机等,却可以提供很多应用任务必需的功能。高速模拟I/O、智能I/O和分散型PLC网络的发展,正在使PLC系统的处理速度不断增加。更快的网络和计算机将会提高操作员接口的速度。 新的分散型PLC系统可以用一个PLC进行分批处理,用另一个进行连续处理,用第三个PLC进行其它处理。所有这三个都连接到大型PLC主机。主机的任务是使整个系统协调操作。这样的系统已在过程控制中广泛应用。 2用软件和硬件实现调节控制功能 采用PLC实现PID控制有两种方法,一种是采用软件功能,另一种是采用辅助硬件。用软件实现的PID回路可以作为继电器梯形图范围内的功能块,也可以作为单独的功能。辅助硬件方法使回路编程对用户更方便。除了标准PID控制功能,前馈、偏差控制、偏差报警及输出限幅等,都可以用控制回路实现。 外文资料- 46 -用软件方法实现PID回路控制通常比用辅助硬件实现更经济合算。但是如果要求单回路的完整性,就须采用硬件方法。硬件PID控制器既可以是专用I/O模件,也可以是通过串行链路与PLC通信的独立控制器。标准单回路控制器能非常灵活地用来解决分批控制问题,而且还能与其它不采用PLC控制的设备兼容。 自适应、自整定控制与PLC配合起来使用,可以减少试车时间、提高控制精度。AB公司研制的、以Foxboro。EXACT技术为基础的回路按制器,以及Satt Control公司的ECA40自整定控制器(能与该公司的PLC系统通信),是自整定控制器与PLC相结合的两个例子。现在有人预言,不久的将来,可以把自适应整定功能变成PLC内部的一种软件。 3过程控制PLC的优点(1)灵活性:PLC是通用设备,一般通过编程而适用于过程控制。PLC系统允许使用专用产品。编程之后,用户也容易修改程序。 系统工程师常用操作员接口软件建立标准PLC过程控制回路和显示屏。这种方法缩短了编程时间,使用起来很灵活。标准程序库中包括比率/串级控制、单回路控制、线性化等功能,利用编程工具(与字处理机类似)的剪辑功能可将它们插进PLC程序。标准操作员接口部件提供回路、分组、总貌显示,以及报警和趋势显示。 (2)可维护性好:PLC一般由电气技术人员维护,而计算机需要由工程师和程序员维护。很多工厂投有计算机维护人员,采用PLC比较容易维护。 (3)结实耐用、可靠他高:PLC能耐受恶劣的工业环境,不需要装在有空调的环境中。用电池作后备的存贮器用于数据存贮, 对冗余CPU和I/O电缆连接采用热后备组态。 (4)连接性:PLC具有优良的连接性,能与各种外部设备通信。它有各种端口专用于第三方设备。这些端口为控制系统的信息输入输出提供通路。连接任务可由电气技术人员完成。 (5)费用低、经济上合算。 (6)其它优点包括远程I/O、软件库的使用等。PC与PLCPLC的基本特长是适合实际生产现场的控制,而PC(个人计算机)通过访问PLC数据库可以增强它在数据采集和分析方面的基本功能。因此人们愿意把PC和PLC结合起来,构成控制系统。当前实现PC和PLC相结合主要有三种方法:1)增加通信、联网能力;2)采用加固型的工业PC;辽宁工程技术大学毕业设计(论文)- 47 -3)研制把计算机总线连接到专用I/O的接口硬件。 除了开发比较高级的工业LAN、支持MAP标准通信而外,PLC厂家也很重视PC/PLC网络的发展;PC/PLC网络费用低、用途广,深受小型工厂用户欢迎,用于数据采集等功能已经显示出很大优越性。据美国Omron电子公司的Morrow估计,在1988年内建立的PC/PLC网络约有15000个。 目前,PC在工业控制中通常用作编程器或人/机接口。如果用于控制功能,就需添加辅助硬件或采用合适的软件。发展工业PC的一种方式是采用协处理机模板处理实时任务。有的厂家正在考虑把PLC作为一种插扳,插进PC,使PLC在控制系统中充当一种实时控制模件。 PLC计算机化、大型PLC具备PC功能,是今天PLC技术发展的一种趋势。与老的PLC相比,新的PLC采用功能强大的微处理机,有数学功能和大容量存贮器,与PC机甚至小型计算机有较多的相同点。一些大型、高功能PLC现在远远不止有继电器或其它逻辑功能,已能把数学和连续控制功能与通信结合起来,PLC可以连接上位机,也可以与同一级PLC通信。当然这只是高档或中、大型PLC的一种趋向。在广泛的OEM应用中,仍然需要独立的PLC。 PC与PLC相结合的分批过程控制系统,在过去几年中十分引入注目。这种分批控制系统适应化工、医药、食品、轻工等生产过程实现多品种、小批量生产的需要,有利于简化生产操作和稳定质量,有较高的灵活性和较好的价格性能比。目前这类系统一股仍用PC作操作站、编程器、工作终端,PLC起着控制对象输入、输出接口的作用。在有的情况下,也用PC完成PLC的任务。很多专业PLC厂家都注意发展在PC机上运行的各种软件包,与此同时,也都采用前端或I/0扩展。 Foreign PLC develops the survey外文资料- 48 -Industrial automation instrument research institute of Chongqing Zhao is cleanSummary : Programmable controller market and his course control and use the development to make the introduction to foreign countries.In year a little in the past, PLC develop quickly, function and structure of products update, the range of application is expanded rapidly, grow from original order logic control to in succession and the course is controlled in turn. With the technical development, FLC system with better function, with other control systems, for instance industrial control microcomputer , control system (DCS ) ,etc of dispersing etc, range accumulate application permeate each other in function, even merge each other. Under a lot of occasion , very difficult to tell which be people have, which PLC system. PLC become one in common use microprocessor controller already in fact, used in industry and course control extensively. The course is controlled to need the order to control in turn, need regulating and controlling too. This kind adopt suitable to accuse of , adopt application task controlled to imitate is it adopt PLC system carry on economic , worthwhile control to suitable for most in succession partly partly.PLC marketPLC market a lot of new producers emerge in these years , appear several 10 new product every year, among them there is the whole function, deal with ability strong , combine simulation I/O and , with fine batch processing characteristic top-grade product that return circuit control , PID of door , in various forms, there is cheap , price performance than the good , uses and extensive low- grade products too. The scattered control system of new generation includes control and logic package in turn , the ones that have conbine controlling in succession and PLC logic function together with the same machine case among them, neednt adopt single PLC . According to American incomplete statistics of publication Contro1Eng , during 1983-1988, PLC product quantity double and redouble, 37 producers , 100 kinds of products types , 辽宁工程技术大学毕业设计(论文)- 49 -rose to 70 producers, more than 300 kinds of products types since 1983. Since 1988, foreign someone predict through how long is PLC after developing at a high speed, may slow down the growth rate in the future. At control the market in turn, PLC sales amount rate of increase greater than state of DCS may be turned around in the past, it is estimated that DCS sales amount growth rate will accelerate and exceed PLC. But take it as a whole, PLC will keep the growth. Used in the industry and course to control extensively through becoming a kind of microprocessor controller in common use . The course is controlled to need the order to control in turn, need regulating and controlling too. This kind adopt suitable to accuse of , adopt application task controlled to imitate is it adopt PLC system carry on economic , worthwhile control to suitable for most in succession partly partly.Have reported recently according to VD Company (Ven-ture Development Co ) that U.S.A. is engaged in market analysis, it is estimated that American market FLC sales amount is close to 900 million dollars within 1989. The average annual growth 9.3%, small-scale PLC is greater than the average annual rate of increase of large-scale PLC.It is small-scale PLC sales volume last very fast pieces of reason,not for its price of performances than have very more fast improvement. Some have kept the already existing function, reduction of cost , some have kept original cost and scale, strengthened the function. Maturity and competition of the market, force PLC producer to update the products in order to seek survival and develop.PLC in the course is controlledSince the beginning of the eighties, some chemical industry, medicine, petroleum, natural gas company is it control the task PLC system for course to begin. Use of the with the development of the microprocessor and software engineering , operator interface , development of PLC network, people even regard PLC as with the low cost and realize dispersing a kind of technology controlled. DCS producer is it spend bayonet controller and to PLC connection 外文资料- 50 -equipment supplementary original DCS of system in turn to begin too. In some being in using, PLC hardware and already enough to make products or system of them compete with DC5 producer software that producer offer. 1.The technical development promotes the development of PLC.1.The technical development promotes the development of PLCHardware, progress in the past several years of software engineering, have improved the programming characteristic of PLC, make efficiency of them , person who store capacity phase speed raise by 3-5 times. As to PLC that course is it spend to control , except importing in routine simulation , develop at a high speed simulation input newly, independent PID controller, electric thermocouple, RTD and other similar mould one. Improvement the make figure and simulation difference of technology dwindle further , make PLC to be system further more convenient to be suitable than in the past. Is it control operator use of interface of computer to take , lead PLC into the control room. Various kinds of control the computer, including the personal computer (PC ), work station , minicomputer all become more high-speed , more effective , more worthwhile. These control the computer to combine with new standard interface package and PLC network, function of can offer the display , data to gather , writing down keeping , return circuit panel ing etc. They are equivalent to the function that the dispersing type control system have. Intellectual I/O mould one of PID ,etc. is developed rapidly in recent years. They have expanded the function of the control system effectively, and contribute to some scattering of controlling the function. Today, control system designers of PLC can make a lot of small-scale PLCs up on a chain of controlling at a high speed adopted with one layer of communication , and connect to PLC host computer . PLC host computer can also be connected to the information network. The new communication products have increased PLC and networked ability , MAP standard has made great progress, the compatible increase of equipment of different producers, people can choose the equipment of a lot of producers . 辽宁工程技术大学毕业设计(论文)- 51 -All these progress, make treatment ability and tempo of PLC system improved greatly, can be suitable for many kinds of course and control application. PLC has no so considerable calculation of DCS and control function, but various kinds of hear special-purpose course in PLC control functional block , special-purpose lump , language association processor ,etc. , I/O of simulation , but can offer a lot functions of using letting and must be needed . High-speed simulation I/O, intellectual I/O and PLC development of network of dispersing etc., make PLC processing speeds of system increase constantly. Quick network improve operator speed of interface compared with calculation. New scattered PLC system can divide batch processing by one PLC , deals with another one in succession , carry on other treatment by third PLC. All these three are connected to large-scale PLC host computer . The task of the host computer is to make the whole system coordinate and operate. Such a system has been already the extensive application in the course is controlled.2.Realize regulating and controlling the function with the software and hardware. Adopt PLC to realize that PID controls two kinds of methods , one adopts the function of the software , another kind adopts the auxiliary hardware. Can be regarded as the functional block in the ladder- shaped picture range of relay with the PID return circuit that the software realizes, can be regarded as the single function too. The auxiliary hardware method makes return circuit programming more convenient to users. Except standard PID controls the function, the feedforward , deviation are controlled, the deviation reports to the police and exports amplitude limiting etc, can realize by controlling the return circuit .Realize with software method PID return circuit control usually than realize with auxiliary hardware economical. But if require the integrality of the single return circuit , must adopt the method of the hardware . The hardware PID controller can be special-purpose I/O mould one, can pass the serial chain and independent controller of PLC communication too. The standard form return 外文资料- 52 -circuit controller can be used for solving the control problem in turn very flexibly , still can adopt with other equipment that PLC control compatible.Self-adaptation, whole to is it is it is it use to stand up to cooperate with PLC to control definitely since, can reduce the time of taking a trial run , raise the precision of controlling . What AB Company develops, with Foxboro. EXACT return circuit of technology according to person who make, and Satt Control ECA40 of Company make controller(can with systematic communication of PLC of Company this) exactly since, whole two examples that the controller combines with PLC definitely since. Someone prophesies now , in near future, can turn the whole definitely function of the self-adaptation into a kind of software within PLC .3.The course controls the advantage of PLC(1)Flexibility : PLC is the equipment in common use , generally suitable for the course to control through programming. PLC system allows to use the special-purpose products. After programming, users are apt to revise the procedure too. System engineer daily operator interface software of Hua Bao set up standard PLC course control the return circuit and display screen. This kind of method has shortenned programming time, it is very flexible to use. Including the the rate / the functions , such as bunches of control , single return circuit controlling , linearization ,etc. in the standardization program storehouse, the film editing function of utilizing the programming tool (similar to word processor ) can inject them PLC procedure . Standard operator interface root one offer the return circuit , divide into groups, the total looks shows, and report to the police and show with the trend. (2)The maintainability is good: PLC is generally safeguarded by the electric technical staff, and the computer needs maintaining by the engineer and programmer. A lot of factory throw have computer attenbant, easy to maintain to adopt PLC. (3)Durable and durable , reliable he is tall: PLC ability receive abominable 辽宁工程技术大学毕业设计(论文)- 53 -industrial environment , is it put among environment to have the air conditioner to need. Make with battery reserve person who store store for data , adopt hot reserve configuration to redundant CPU and I/O cable connection.(4)Joining : PLC has fine connections, can be with various kinds of outside equipment communication. It has various kinds of ports special-purpose in third partys equipment. These ports offer the thorough fare for importing and exporting in information of the control system. The connecting the task can be finished by electric technical staff. (5)The expenses are low, economically worthwhile. (6) Other advantages include use of distant place I/O .PC and of PLCs.specialty not basic of PLC to suit control of production scene not actual of, and PC (personal computer) through visit PLC database can strengthen it gather and analyse basic function of in data. So people would like to combine PC with PLC, form the control system. Realize at present that PC combines with PLC there are three kinds of methods mainly:1) Increase communication , network ability ;2)Adopt industry PC of the strengthening type; 3)Is it connect special-purpose interface hardware of I/O to computer bus to develop.Except develop advanced industry LAN , support MAP standard communication , PLC producer pay attention to PC/PLC development of network very much too; PC/PLC network expenses low, use wide, welcome deeply by small-scale factory user , used in data person who gather function demonstrate heavy superiority very already. According to the estimation by Morrow of U.S.A. Omron electronics corporation, nearly there are 15000 PC/PLC networks set up within 1988.At present, PC is usually used as programmable device or the people / the interface of the machine in industrial control. Used for controlling the 外文资料- 54 -function , need to add the auxiliary hardware or adopt the suitable software. A way to develop industry PC is to adopt the processor template of the association to deal with the real-time task. Some producer regard PLC as one is it pull to insert , inject PC , make PLC make first real-time control mould one among control system consideration. PLC computerization , large-scale PLC possess PC function, today PLC a kind of trend of technical development. Compared with old PLC, new PLC adopts the powerful microprocessor, is mathematics function and large capacity storing device , have more common characteristics with the PC even minicom. Some large-scale , high function PLCs are far above having the relay or other logic functions far now, can control mathematics function combine with communicating , PLC can connect location plane to in succession already, can be with communicating with first class PLC too. Certainly this is only a kind of trend of top-grade or medium-and-large-sized PLC. In extensive OEM is used , still need independent PLC. The control system of the course in turn that PC combined with PLC, introduced and fixed ones eyes on very much in the past several years. This kind control system meet chemical industry , medicine , food , light industry production process realize many variety , little need that produces in batches in turn, help to simplify production operation and stabilize quality, there is higher flexibility that compares with better price performance . The system one at present do exercises and act as standing, programmable device , work terminal station with PC still, PLC plays a role in controlling the target and inputting, exporting interface . In case of having , finish the task of PLC with PC too. A lot of professional PLC producers all pay attention to developing various kinds of software package operated on the PC meanwhile , adopt the front or I/0 to expand too.
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