兼容残疾轮椅的中型客车车门总成设计
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机动车轮椅固定及其使用者的约束系统前言为了那些使用机动车旅行却没有能力从轮椅中移动出来的人,轮椅必须像汽车座椅一样来使用。这就通常意味着由车辆制造商提供的成员约束系统在某些紧急状况下不能够提供足够的保护。另外,轮椅必须被固定在车上以便不会强加载荷给它的使用者,并且在碰撞或突然的车辆回旋情况下不会对其他车上人员造成伤害。因此,要为轮椅及其使用者提供约束性的保护,使用一些零部件以及相关的设备来固定轮椅并对其使用者进行约束。这篇设计和机动车性能表现方面的文章论述的就是轮椅的固定及其使用者的约束系统,简称为WTODS。它的目的就是为了鼓励设计,测试和实施。使用WTODS系统在正面碰撞时可以有效的保证轮椅的安全和约束使用者,并且在某些特定情况下的表现是可以与制造商提供的乘坐安全性和轮椅使用者的约束相比较的。我们关心的主要是机动车在发生正面碰撞的情况下轮椅使用者所能受到的潜在伤害,也希望在成功保护轮椅使用者的同时,在正常的旅行期间可以增加驾驶员及其他成员的安全性和舒适性。这篇文章不应该被用来鼓励那些没有能力驾驶或者限制对轮椅进行运输的情况。因为WTODS的制造商们不能控制和指定他们产品的最终用途,所以48KM/H,20G的冲击测试被指定在附录A中,用来限制WTODS系统在总重量小于7000KG的整车上的使用。在更大的车辆中,也可以使用WTODS系统来保证运输的安全性,但是不会依照这篇文章所提到的使用标准。和任何一个座椅相比,轮椅是成员安全系统的一个重要组成部分,并会在正常旅行期间为使用者提供稳定性和舒适性。轮椅的设计和表现在机动车的乘坐中是被单独谈论的,但相应的ANSI/RESNA标准正在发展中。设计要求:1完成WTORS-WTORS应:a. 以一个轮椅和一个乘员为使用对象;b. 不要求用来固定轮椅和实施成员约束的零件穿过轮椅的轮子;c. 在不使用工具的情况在在60秒内可以对轮椅及其使用者进行脱离;d. 不需要拆除轮椅的材料,钻探轮椅架,变形轮椅,焊接,或者使用粘合剂,安装期间,除非是为WTORS系统使用的特殊轮椅或轮椅制造商允许的造型变革;e. 一旦安装,可不使用工具操作;f. 硬件设备,只包括永久连接的WTORS或WTORS组件;g. 设计要防止无意中将所有螺纹紧固件松动;h. 包括一个人工代用装置,在电源故障的情况下解除固定和约束;i. 包括锚地紧固件,硬件和符合规格的类似硬件,下面是基于材料,大小和紧固件的使用量模拟试验附录A;2轮椅的固定及固定的组件应:a. 不需要依靠轮椅进行制动;b. 轮椅的安全性能实现是依靠固定件的设计,而不是依靠成员约束来实现;c. 提供一个不使用工具来消除轮椅自由移动的方法;d. 如果WTORS系统采用了四点皮带固定方式,那么每条皮带都可以不使用工具来进行长度调节,这类的调整幅度,前带后带所能达到的最高值和最低值包含在表格1中,包括一个至少有25MM的皮带延长调整机构;表格1-四点皮带固定方式的扩展调整幅度:皮带交汇点 最小长度(MM) 最大长度(MM)后排 485(19) 740(29) 前排 410(16) 710(28)长度定义为从轮椅安全点相对应的固定交点到沿着皮带的长度方向与轮椅接地平面线的交点的直线距离e. 计算说明安全点与其他四个固定点在几何学上的关系,在附录E4中说明了在结构上安全点与其他组成部分的关系;f. 包含一个通过视觉或听觉来引起注意的设备,在相接处准确衔接后会予以显示;3成员约束-WTORS也可以被设计成通过乘客或驾驶员进行约束,包含的成员约束应满足以下要求:31 WTORS的成员约束应包含两个部分-骨盆和躯干的约束;32 成员约束可以被设计成直接与车辆相固定,和轮椅的组成部件相固定,或者直接通过部件来和轮椅相连接。成员约束系统不能被设计成依靠轮椅传播载荷的约束结构,除非是专为WTORS设计的特定轮椅,当和轮椅组合以后WTORS应满足6.2 的要求。通过附录1可以看到WTORS 的测试结果;33上部躯干和骨盆的约束长度可以不通过使用工具来进行调节;34 当WTORS以附录B的标准在建立过程中,如果适合的话,骨盆的约束,其固定点和过渡点的设计应:a. 实现如图4b所要求的侧面观察视野范围;b 实现如图4a所要求的后面视野范围及区域内的固定;c 提供足够的皮带长度来对骨盆进行调节,测量固定点到固定点的距离,通过可以增加或减少的200MM长度及至少25MM的自由长度调节来实现全时的约束;35当WTORS以附录B的标准在建立过程中,对躯干应提供足够的约束长度,较长的调整增量为200毫米,并且可以缩短到300毫米,有至少25毫米的自由延伸长度可以全时对成员进行约束; 4(a) 4(b)附录四注意注意骨盆约束的突出角和轮椅参考侧平面之间的角度,以及成员背部与轮椅参考背平面之间的角度;36 对于WTORS系统,应该通过躯干固定点和躯干过渡点的计算来实现肩部和胳膊的约束并对其进行支持,这些位置定位点和支持结构应:a. 使用者乘坐的高度和肩部的水平线以上应该有足够的可调节长度;b 1100毫米以上,至少应设轮椅机,以接近地面以上的肩膀部分,来实现在轮椅的乘坐中肩部以上部分的约束;注意1如果上面的过渡点确定的话,那么固定点应在下面1100MM,反之就在上面1100MM;注意 2虽然FMVSS 210 允许躯干的固定点应被固定在成员肩部水平以下一个明显的距离上,这样的位置考虑被认为是不合理的,不符合这篇文章,可能导致向下方向的载荷对脊柱造成伤害。37 从安装时所指定的附录B中的辅助中心线来看,与骨盆交界的肩膀三点约束应不低于150MM;38 依照这篇文章的要求,在主要依靠轮椅固定和皮带固定来实现约束的情况下,气带只产生辅助的约束性能;39 WTORS的实现不应该依靠气袋来遵守这篇文章;4 试验报告-WTORS的制造商应具有文件和档案资料,其中包括:41 依据4.2和4.3的设计要求和相关的报表,WTORS系统应符合设计要求,包括:a. 依据表格1的要求,表明四点式安全皮带的最大和最小固定长度;b. 最终装配的几何学固定四点要符合附录E4的几何学要求;c. 骨盆约束的确定要符合附录B;d. 建立和测量骨盆约束的长度调整要符合附录B的要求;e. 建立和测量躯干约束的长度调整要符合附录B的要求;f. 依据WTORS提供的躯干固定点和其他相关的点,长度以及长度的调整要符合4.3.6的要求;g. 建立和测量依据辅助中心线制定的骨盆和肩部约束距离要符合附录B的要求;4.2 遵守国家相关规定:a. 表格2中的FMVSS 209;b. WTORS系统中带状材料的可燃性要求要满足FMVSS 302;43 遵守国家相关正面碰撞试验附录A,包括:a. 描述测试设备,包括使用模拟式冲击试验,仪器与信号处理技术,帧速度为制作每部影片或录像的速度,测试减速度等方法用以衡量和检验辅助中心线和测试轮椅,并增加测量的精度;b. 关于减速度的跳动计算说明是否满足A.4.3和附录A1,这其中包括跳动的持续时间,减速度在毫秒数量上的累积时间超出15g到20g;c. V形安全带的测量与计算;d. WTORS系统的全面鉴定,锚地紧固件,试验轮椅,辅助中心线;e. 所有WTORS的试验轮椅的相关P点都要满足文章的要求;f. 所有固定皮带和骨盆相对应的横纵向约束确定以后,与之相关的侧面视野,正面视野,背面视野可以酌情处理;g. 试验建立起来后,应该对那些非WTORS制造商提供的零部件有一个具体的描述;f. 试验轮椅是否停留在试验平台上;h. 如果测量的话,相比于初步测试定位,试验轮椅的参考测试平面将会改变;k. 任何WTORS系统承载部分的鉴定,如果显示部分有撕裂,破碎,断裂,或彻底失败等现象的发生,是设计上的漏洞或者制造上的问题;l. 在6.2.d中指明了短途旅行的水平线最高点,是否有任何短途旅行超过了限制会在这篇文章的表格3中表明;m. 一份说明书,关于是否在不使用工具的情况下将成员和试验轮椅释放出来;n. 一份说明书,依据6.2.e的计算结果表明试验轮椅是否对其成员施加载荷;44 依据在附录3中的部分试验数据,WTORS系统的测试和规格应该包括:a . WTORS系统的全面鉴定,锚地组件的测试,安全性;b. 全面的描述,包括必要的照片,每部分的测试结果;c. 分离阻力的步骤描述;d. 每个测试的结果,换句话说,安全组件或固定组件是否分离或仍然接合;45 依据附录D指明的皮带延误调整器和任何有关的其他方面规定,包括:a. WTORS系统的全面鉴定,皮带类,每一个调整装置的测试;b. 测试仪器和程序的描述; c. 每次调整器测试的皮带延误量;d. 一项声明,说明25MM的极限是否超过每次调整器测试;e. 一项声明,说明是否在WTORS系统中所有的轮椅固定调整器都会通过测试。5 定义与概念-为了更好的理解这篇文章,提供下面的概念说明:51 锚硬件和装置的组合件,用来传递从一直由轮椅固定到车辆或从一个约束力到轮椅固定或车座底板的力;52 锚铰接点一个在车辆,轮椅或轮椅固定件或车座底板上的力,锚便铰接于此;53 ANSI美国国家标准协会振动等级;54 人机工程学测试设备(ATD)一个模拟的人体模型,用来模拟机动车在碰撞环境下的情形;55 自动锁紧装置一个装置通过一套主动自锁机构,当机构锁紧时用之来承受约束力来实现调节;56 后约束一套装置或系统实现限制车厢的后倾运动从而提供背后的支持力;57 皮带一条用网格材料做成的吸能带子,用来做成员的约束;58 对接式固定一套轮椅安全装置,其设置被初始化为轮椅倾向一个恰当的位置;59 应急锁紧执行器将通过调整硬件锁定机制,激活了汽车的加速度,皮带相对于汽车运动,在紧急时刻可以进行自动锁紧;510 边缘装置锚地硬件和成员约束的直接固定部分,用来固定成员约束带,直接连接在主锚点和轮椅上的安全点;511 紧固件器材保障,用机械设备,零部件和其他零件实现, (这些不包括:螺丝,螺母,螺丝钉,铆钉,夹具等)512 前方视野轮椅坐在最前排的成员脸部与汽车之间的参考平面;513 四点固定轮椅固定系统,以四个不同的点系在轮椅框架上,轮椅固定在汽车上的四个独立支柱点,文中所给的是典型的四点固定系统,采用四个固定皮带,两个属于前轮,两个属于后轮; 514 底部约束一个至少由一名成员的皮带用来提供成员的骨盆约束和两个肩膀以及躯干部分的约束; 515 头部约束用来限制成员头部的移动; 516 冲击模拟器加速装置,加速与减速的组合,汽车部分或模拟汽车结构,包括测量仪器的相关资料; 517 冲击滑板在模拟器上的部分,对其产生影响,可以展开进行冲击测试; 518 独立成员约束直接进行的约束或与铆接的车辆部分分开,进行轮椅的固定; 519 综合成员约束成员约束中的骨盆约束,两个肩膀的约束,躯干的约束,要固定在轮椅上; 520 成员约束锚地硬件组装和配件其中将载荷直接由汽车,轮椅和轮椅约束系统分担;521 成员约束成员约束系统或装置,用来防止或减少车辆接触,防止在车辆中发生危险情况;522 OEM设备制造商;523 骨盆克制在极限运动范围内限制骨盆的运动,降低躯干克制;524 点参考点,从地面接地处距离为100MM的位置,纵向的轮椅约束位置,曲面与坐椅和靠背的面想接点;525 姿势支持用于支持一个人在预期位置的零部件,但不会通常用于在车辆碰撞时对成员产生约束;526 安全硬件轮椅固定系统的后端设备,连接在轮椅上;527 安全点位于轮椅上的点,连接在轮椅接触点的末端单元;528 托盘一个网状材料带,用于轮椅的固定;529轮椅分析用仪器来模拟轮椅的固定情况;530 SWC轮椅分析的缩写;531 实验轮椅试坐轮椅的样品,用来代替实际的轮椅来进行实验;532 轮椅固定锚地硬件组装和配件,载荷直接分配在轮椅上;533 WTORS轮椅固定约束系统的缩写。WHEELCHAIR TIEDOWN AND OCCUPANT RESTRAINT SYSTEMS FOR USE MOTOR VEHICLESForewordFor people with disabilities who are unable to transfer from their wheelchairs when traveling in motor vehicles, the wheelchair must serve as the vehicle seat. This usually means that the occupant restraint system installed by the vehicle manufacturer cannot be used to provide protection in a crash. In addition, the wheelchair must be secured to the vehicle so that it does not impose forces on its occupant and/or become a hazard to other vehicle occupants in a collision or sudden vehicle maneuver. Providing occupant protection for the wheelchair-seated occupant, therefore, requires that aftermarket equipment be installed to secure the wheelchair and restrain the wheelchair user. This Recommended Practice applies to the design and performance of motor-vehicle adaptive equipment referred to as wheelchair tiedown and occupant restraint system or WTODS. It is the purpose of this document to encourage the design, testing, installation, and use of WTODS equipment that will provide effective wheelchair securement and occupant restraint in a frontal collision, and that will be comparable in crash performance to seat securement and occupant restraint systems provided by the vehicle manufacturer. While the primary concern is to reduce the potential for injury to wheelchair-seated occupants involved in a frontal vehicle crash, it is anticipated that achievement of improved occupant protection will also result in increased driver and passenger safety and comfort during normal travel. The provisions of this document should not be used to discourage people with disabilities using motor vehicle transportation or to limit access to, and availability of, motor vehicle transportation to wheelchair users. Since manufacturers of WTORS are generally not able to control or specify the end use of their products, the 48-km/h, 20-g sled impact test specified in Appendix A is intended to qualify WTORS for use in vehicles with a gross vehicle weight of less than 7000kg. In larger vehicles, it may be possible to provide safe transportation using WTORS that do not comply with the level of crash severity used in this document. As with any vehicle seat, the wheelchair is an important component of the occupant protection system, and also contributes to the stability and comfort of the wheelchair-seated occupant during normal travel. Design and performance of wheelchairs used as seats in motor vehicles is addressed in a separate, but related, ANSI/RESNA Standard now under development. Design Requirements 1. Complete WTORS-WTORS shall:a. Be for use with only one wheelchair and one occupant at a time .b. Not require components of wheelchair tiedowns and occupant restraints to pass through the wheels of a wheelchair .c. Provide for release of both the wheelchair and the occupant within 60s by a single attendant or wheelchair user without the use of tools .d. Not require removal of wheelchair frame material, drilling into the wheelchair frame, deformation of the wheelchair, welding, or the use of an adhesive process, during installation, unless the WTORS is intended for a srecific wheelchair and the modifications are approved by the wheelchair manufacturer .e. Once installed, be operable without tools .f. Include only hardware and fittings that are permanently connected to the WTORS or a WTORS subassembly .g. Be designed to prevent unintentional loosening of all threaded fasteners .h. Include a manual override in case of power failure for any power-operated mechanisms of tiedowns or restraints .i. Include anchorage fasteners and hardware, and/or specifications for such hardware, that are based on the material, size, and quantity of anchorage fasteners used in the simulated frontal inpact test of Appendix A .2. Wheelchair Tiedowns-Wheelchair tiedowns and tiedown components shall:a. Not depend on the wheelchair brakes .b. Be designed so that securement of the wheelchair is accomplished by the tiedown only and not by the occupant restraints .c. Provide a means to eliminate free movement of the wheelchair without the use of tools .d. If the WTORS includes a four-point strap -type tiedown, each strap assembly shall provide for manual adjustment in length without the use of tools, such that the adjustment ranges of front and rear straps enable achieving the minimum and maximum lengths indicated in Table 1, with at least 25 mm of webbing extending from the adjustment mechanisms.TABLE 1-MIMIMUM ADJUSTMENT RANGES FOR FOUR-POINT TIEDOWN STRAPS:Strap Assembly Location Mimimum Length mm (in) Maximum Length mm (in)Rear 485(19) 740(29)Front 410(16) 710(28)e. Have securement-point end fittings of four-point tiedowns that are compatible with the securement-point structural member of the surrogate wheelchair illustrated in Figure E4 .f. Include a device to indicate, by visual or auditory means, when a docking-type tiedown is properly engaged .3. Occupant Restraints-WTORS shall either be designed to use the vehicle OEM passenger or driver restraint, or shall include an occupant restraint that complies with the following requirements:3.1.The occupant restraint portion of the WTORS shall include both pelvic and upper torso restraints .3.2 Occupant restraints may be designed to anchor directly to the vehicle, to components of the wheelchair tiedown, or to tiedown components fastened to the wheelchair. Occupant restraints shall not be designed with anchorages that rely on the transmission of restraint loads through the wheelchair structure unless the WTORS is designed for a specific wheelchair and the WTORS meets the requirements of 6.2 when the combination of wheelchair and WTORS is tested according to Appendix A .3.3 The lengths of pelvic and upper torso restraints shall be manually adjustable without the use of tools .3.4 When the WTORS is set up and measured as specified in Appendix B, pelvic restraints and, if applicable, their anchor points or guide points, shall:a. Achieve side-view projected angles that fall within the zone shown in Figure 4b .b. Achieve projected rear-view angles and locations within the zones shown in Figure 4a .c. Provide sufficient length adjustment to allow the pelvic restraint, measured from anchor point to anchor point, to be both increased and decreased by 200 mm with at least 25 mm of webbing extending through the restraint end fittings at all times .3.5 When the WTORS is set up and measured as specified in Appendix B, upper torso restraints shall provide for sufficient length adjustment to extend an additional 200 mm, and shorten by 300 mm, with at least 25 mm of webbing extending through the restraint end fittings at all times . 4(a) 4(b)FIGURE 4NOTENote that angles indicated are obtained by projecting the angle of the pelvic restraint onto a vertical plane to the wheelchair reference plane (side view), or onto a vertical plane that is perpendicular to the wheelchair reference plane (rear view) .3.6 For WTORS that include upper-anchor points or upper-guide support structures for shoulder or harness restraints, the locations of these anchor points or supporting structures shall:a. Be sufficiently adjustable in height to be located at or above the shoulder levels of the intended user .b. Be located at least 1100 mm above the wheelchair ground plane so as to be near or above the shoulder height of wheelchair seated occupants .NOTE1The anchor point may be located below 1100 mm if an upper-guide support is located at or above 1100 mm .NOTE2Although FMVSS 210 allows for the upper torso restraint anchor points to be located a significant distance below the occupants shoulder level, such locations are considered to be undersirable and not in compliance with this document since they could result in downward loading on the occupant that can produce spinal injuries .3.7 The junction of the shoulder and pelvic restraints of three-point restraints shall be located not less than 150 mm from the ATD centerline when installed as specified in Appendix B .3.8 An airbag shall be used only as a supplementary occupant restraint in conjunction with a wheelchair tiedown and belt-type occupant restraint that comply with the requirements of this document .3.9 Performance of the WTORS shall not depend on an airbag to comply with this document .4. Test ReportThe WTORS manufacturer shall have documentation on file and available that includes:4.1 Statements concerning compliance of the WTORS with the Design Requirements of 4.2 through 4.3 including:a. Minimum and maximum tiedown strap lengths of four-point strap tiedowns in comparison to the requirements of Table 1 .b. Whether the end-fitting geometry of four-point tiedowns is compatible with the end-fitting geometry of Figure E4 .c. The angle of pelvic restraints when setup according to Appendix B .d. The range of length adjustment in the pelvic restraint when set up and measured as specified in Appendix B .e. The range of length adjustment in the upper-torso restraints when set up and measured as specified in Appendix B .f. The height or height-adjustment range of upper-torso restraint upper-anchor upper-guide support provided with the WTORS, and a statement of whether the height complies with 4.3.6 .g. The distance of the pelvic/shoulder restraint interface of three-point restraints from the ATD centerline when set up and measured according to Appendix B .4.2 Statements concerning compliance with the requirements of :a. FMVSS 209 as specified in Table 2 .b. FMVSS 302 concerning flammability of WTORS webbing material .4.3 Statements concerning compliance with the Frontal Impact Test of Appendix A, including :a. A description of the test facility, including the type of impact simulated, instrumentation and signal processing techniques, the frame speed for each film and/or video produced, methods for measuring sled velocity change and deceleration, methods used to measure ATD and test wheelchair excursions, and the accuracy of excursion measurements .b. A statement of whether the sled deceleration pulse complied with A.4.3 and Figure A1, including the duration of the pulse, and the number of cumulative milliseconds that the deceleration exceeded 15 g and 20 g .c. The measured or calculated value of the test delta V .d. A full identification of the WTORS, anchorage fasteners, test wheelchair, and ATD used .e. Pretest measurements documenting the locations of all WTORS anchorages relative to point P of the test wheelchair .f. The side-view, front-view, and rear-view projected angles of all tiedown straps and pelvic restraints relative to the horizontal or vertical, as appropriate .g. A description of the test setup including a statement about any parts or fasteners used ih the test that were not provided by the WTORS manufacturer .h. Whether the ATD remained in the test wheelchair . i. Whether the test wheelchair remained on the test platform .j. The change in the orientation of the test wheelchair reference plane, if measurable, in comparison with the initial test orientation .k. Identification of any WTORS load-carrying parts that showed visible signs of tearing, fragmentation, fracture, or complete failure, that were not designed to rear or fail in the manner noted .l. The peak horizontal excursions specified in 6.2.d, and whether any of the excursions exceeded the limits in Table 3 of this document .m. A statement as to whether the ATD and test wheelchair could be released from the WTORS without the use of tools .n. A statement as to whether the ATD was loaded by the test wheelchair based on the results of the calculation in 6.2.e .4.4 Statements concerning compliance of appropriate WTORS components with the Test for Partial Engagement of Appendix C, including :a. Full identification of the WTORS system and the securement and anchorage components tested .b. A description, including photographs if necessary, of the manner of each partial engagement tested .c. A description of the procedure used to apply the separating force .d. The results of each test, i.e., the securement or anchorage mechanism either separated or remained engaged .4.5 Statements concerning compliance of any strap assemblies of wheelchair tiedowns with the Test for Webbing Slippage at Adjustment Devices of Appendix D, including :a. Full identification of the WTORS system, type of webbing, and each adjustment device tested .b. A description of the test apparatus and procedure .c. The amount of webbing slippage at each adjustment device tested .d. A statement as to whether the 25 mm limit was exceeded for each adjustment device tested .e. A statement as to whether all adjustment devices of the wheelchair tiedown portion the WTORS passed the test .5. DefinitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply:5.1 AnchorageAn assembly of hardware and fittings by which loads are transferred directly from the wheelchair tiedown to the vehicle or from the occupant restraint to the vehicle, wheelchair, wheelchair tiedown, or vehicle seat base .5.2 Anchor PointA point (area) on a vehicle, wheelchair, wheelchair tiedown, or vehicle seat base to which an anchorage is attached .5.3 ANSIAbbreviation for American National Standards Institute .5.4 Anthropomorphic Test Device (ATD) An articulated analog of the human body used to simulate a motor-vehicle occupant in a crash environment .5.5 Automatic-Locking RetractorA retractor incorporating adjustment by means of a positive self-locking mechanism which is capable, when locked, of withstanding restraint forces (from SAE J1834) .5.6 Back RestraintA device or system intended to limit rearward movement of the occupant by providing support to the back of the torso .5.7 BeltA length of energy-absorbing webbing material used as part of an occupant restraint .5.8 Docking-Type TiedownA wheelchair securement device whose engagement is initiated as a result of the wheelchair rolling into the proper position .5.9 Emergency-Locking RetractorA retractor incorporating adjustment hardware by means of a locking mechanism that is activated by vehicle acceleration, webbing movement relative to the vehicle, or automatic action during an emergency, and that is capable, when locked, of withstanding restraint forces (from SAE J1834) .5.10 End FittingAnchorage and securement hardware to which tiedown and occupant restraint webbing is fastened and which attaches directly to the anchor points and securement points on the wheelchair, tiedown system, or vehicle .5.11 FastenersDevices used to secure, by mechanical means, other components or parts in place . NoteThese include, but are not limited to:bolts, nuts, screws, pins, rivets, and clamps .5.12 Forward FacingOrientation in which the wheelchair-seated occupant faces the front of the vehicle with the wheelchair reference plane within 10 degrees of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle .5.13 Four-Point TiedownA wheelchair tiedown system that attaches to the wheelchair frame at four separate points and anchors to the vehicle at four separate anchor points . NoteThe typical four-point tiedown system uses four tiedown straps, with two attached to the front portion of the wheelchair and two attached to the rear portion .5.14 HarnessAn occupant restraint consisting of at least one belt designed to provide pelvic restraint and two shoulder or torso belts that apply forces to both shoulders .5.15 Head RestraintA device intended to limit rearward displacement of the occupants head .5.16 Impact SimulatorA device for accelerating, decelerating, or a combination of decelerating and accelerating, a section of a vehicle or simulated vehicle structures, including instrumentation for measuring pertinent data (from SAE J850) .5.17 Impact SledThat part of an impact simulator on which components can be mounted for impact testing .5.18 Independent Occupant RestraintAn occupant restraint that anchors directly to the vehicle or vehicle anchored components that are separate from the wheelchair and wheelchair tiedown . NoteThis is also known as a parallel restraint system .5.19 Integrated Occupant RestraintAn occupant restraint for which the anchor points for the pelvic-restraint, or both pelvic and shoulder- restraints, are located on the wheelchair, or on tiedown components not fastened to the vehicle .5.20 Occupant Restraint AnchorageAn assembly of hardware and fittings by which loads are transferred directly from the occupant restraint to the vehicle, wheelchair, wheelchair tiedown, or vehicle seat dase .5.21 Occupant RestraintA system or device for restraining the occupant in a vehicle to prevent or minimize contact with the vehicle interior components, and to prevent ejection during a crash (from SAE J2094) .5.22 OEMAbbreviation for Original Equipment Manufacturer .5.23 Pelvic RestraintThat portion of a seat-belt assembly intended to limit movement of the pelvis . NoteOther terms with similar meaning are lap belt, lap restraint, and lower torso restraint .5.24 Point PA reference point that lies at the cross-sectional center of a 100 mm diameter disc positioned with the longitudinal axis perpendicular to the wheelchair reference plane, such that the curved surface of the disc contacts with the backrest and the upper surface of the seat .5.25 Postural SupportA component used to support a person in a desired position, but that is not usually intended to provide occupant restraint in a vehicle impact .5.26 Securement HardwareEnd fittings of a wheelchair tiedown system that connect to the wheelchair .5.27 Securement PointLocation on the wheelchair frame to which a wheelchair tiedown end fitting connects .5.28 StrapA length of webbing material used as a part of a wheelchair tiedown .5.29 Surrogate WheelchairA rigid, reusable device used to simulate a wheelchair for the purpose of testing a WTORS .5.30 SWCAbbreviation for surrogate wheelchair .5.31 Test WheelchairA production, prototype, or surrogate wheelchair used to conduct tests specified in this document .5.32 Wheelchair Tiedown AnchorageAn assembly of hardware and fittings by which loads are transferred directly from the wheelchair tiedown to the vehicle .5.33 WTORSAbbreviation for wheelchair tiedown and occupant restraint system .
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