X53K立式数控铣床纵向进给改造设计
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长春理工大学光电信息学院学生毕业设计(论文)登记表分院机电工程分院专业机械电子工程班级08521学生姓名丁洪辉指导教师张广杰设计(论文)起止日期教研室主任陈玲题目名称(包括主要技术参数)及要求1. 题目名称:X53K立式数控铣床纵向进给改造设计2. 要求:本课题是围绕将X53K立式铣床改造成经济型数控铣床展开设计的,经济型数控铣床是指价格低廉、操作使用方便,适合我国国情的装有简易数控系统的高效自动化机床。中小型企业为了发展生产,常希望对原有旧机床进行改造,实现数控化、自动化。主要技术参数如下:(1)工作台尺寸:4001600(2)工作台行程:纵向:880mm(3)工作台及夹具工作重力:纵向:3500N(4)工作台进给速度:纵向:1.4m/min(5)主电机功率:10KW(6)起动加速时间:30ms(7)定们精度:0.01mm(8)代码制:ISO(9)输入方式:增量值、绝对值通用(10)控制坐标数:3(11)最小指令值:0.010.005/脉冲(12)自动升降速性能:有将铣床改造成用MCS-51系列单片机控制的经济型数控铣床,步进电机开环控制,要求具有直线和圆弧插补功能。机械部分要求计算,硬件电路部分要求用8031作CPU,控制系统中要求包括扩展程序存储器、扩展数据存储器、I/O接口芯片、译码电路及键盘、显示等外设、硬件电路要求包括3个坐标系统。论文开题报告(设计方案论证)应包括以下几方面的内容:1、 本课题研究的意义;2、调研(社会调查)情况总结;3、查阅文献资料情况(列出主要文献清单);4、拟采取的研究路线;5、进度安排。1. 本课题研究的意义:进行数控机床的改造是非常有必要的。数控机床可以很好地解决形状复杂、精密、小批量及多变零件的加工问题。能够稳定加工质量和提高生产效率,但是数控机床的运用也受到其他条件的限制。如:数控机床价格昂贵,一次性投资巨大等,因此,普通铣床的数控改造,大有可为。它适合我国的经济水平、教育水平和生产水平,已成为我国设备技术改造主要方向之一。2. 调研情况总结: 为了更好的完成本设计,我参观了长春第一机床厂,并在网上查阅了大量有关资料,对压力机的功能、原理及结构有了直观的了解,对顺利完成本设计起到了至关重要的作用。3. 参考文献:1 机床设计手册编写组机床设计手册机械工业出版社,1979年2 郝忠军 雷晓玲综合作业指导书全国高等教育自考指导委员会3 陆玉、何在洲、佟延伟主编:机械设计课程设计,机械工业出版社,2000年8月第3版4 华东纺织工学院,哈尔滨工业大学,天津大学主编:机床设计图册,上海科学技术出版社,1979年6月5 石光源、周积义、彭福荫主编:机械制图,高等教育出版社,1990年5月第3版6 李广弟主编:单片机基础,北京航空航天大学出版社,1994年6月第一版7 中国机械工业教育协会组编 .数控技术. 北京:机械工业出版社, 2001出版8机械设计手册编写组编 机床设计手册2 机械工业出版社 1980年8月出版9机械设计手册编写组编 机床设计手册3 机械工业出版社 1986年12月出版10东北大学机械零件设计手册编写组编 机床零件设计手册 第三版 冶金工业出版社 1994年5月出版11华东纺织工学院、哈尔滨工业大学、天津大学主编 机床设计图册 上海科学技术出版社 1979年6月出版4.拟采取的研究路线:指导老师下达任务充分理解本课题要解决的问题查阅文件和素材(图书馆、上网)翻译英文资料(吉林省图书馆,长春市图书馆,达新校区图书馆)到长春第一机床厂参观撰写论文(吉林省图书馆,长春市图书馆,达新校区图书馆)CAD绘图指导教师审查修改、完善、定稿准备答辩。5进度安排:2月 28日 3月 15日 查阅文件,书籍材料。3月16日3月 29日 翻译英文材料。3月30日4月 26日 写课题论文,写初稿。4月 27日5月 17日 完善论文,定稿。5月 18日6月7日 绘制设计草图、打印。6月8日6月 17日 整理,熟悉文件,准备答辩 指导教师审阅意见: 年 月 日 记事:指导教师审阅意见:年 月 日长春理工大学光电信息学院毕业设计(论文)题目申报表 院 别 机 电 工 程 分 院 教 研 室 机 械 工 程 教 研 室 指导教师 张广杰 职称 讲师 职称 2012年03月01日题目名称X53K立式数控铣床纵向进给改造设计题目类别设计类题目性质结合实际专业参加本题目学生人数1人论文类虚拟题目题目来源、教师准备情况、主要培养学生哪些能力1本题目来源于指导教师的命题。2指导教师对此课题有较深的理论基础及经验,在师生共同努力下定能顺利、按期完成该课题设计。3本课题主要培养学生对已有知识的运用能力、查找资料和阅读能力、英译汉的能力、工程机械的设计、制造能力。题 目 内 容 及 要 求题目内容: 本课题是围绕将X53K立式铣床改造成经济型数控铣床展开设计的,经济型数控铣床是指价格低廉、操作使用方便,适合我国国情的装有简易数控系统的高效自动化机床。中小型企业为了发展生产,常希望对原有旧机床进行改造,实现数控化、自动化。要求:1.写出11.5万字的论文,绘制总装图和重要的零件图。论文内容包括:(1)总体方案的确定及框图。(2)机械部分设计计算。(3)进给伺服系统结构设计。(4)硬件部分电路的设计。(5)凸轮加工程序。2.将一篇与本课题有关的英文资料,翻译成中文(约5000字)。实践环节安排实习4周实验计算机应用计算机绘图4周中、外文参考资料: 1 机床设计手册编写组机床设计手册机械工业出版社,1979年2 郝忠军 雷晓玲综合作业指导书全国高等教育自考指导委员会3 陆玉、何在洲、佟延伟主编:机械设计课程设计,机械工业出版社,2000年8月第3版4 华东纺织工学院,哈尔滨工业大学,天津大学主编:机床设计图册,上海科学技术出版社,1979年6月5 石光源、周积义、彭福荫主编:机械制图,高等教育出版社,1990年5月第3版6 李广弟主编:单片机基础,北京航空航天大学出版社,1994年6月第一版 7 中国机械工业教育协会组编 .数控技术. 北京:机械工业出版社, 2001出版8 机械设计手册编写组编 机床设计手册2 机械工业出版社 1980年8月出版 9机械设计手册编写组编 机床设计手册3 机械工业出版社 1986年12月出版 10东北大学机械零件设计手册编写组编 机床零件设计手册 第三版 冶金工业出版社 1994年5月出版 11华东纺织工学院、哈尔滨工业大学、天津大学主编 机床设计图册 上海科学技术出版社 1979年6月出版教研室主任审 批 签 字分 院 院 长审 批 签 字注:题目类别和题目性质请用符号填在相应栏内。Using digital computer to control overseas processing from the s began. In 1952, the Massachusetts institute of technology in a vertical milling machine mounted a set of experimental numerical control system, and successfully realizing and the control of three axis movement, it became the worlds first numerical control machine. Since then, from 60 s, some other industrial countries, such as Germany and Japan were development production and use of numerical control machine. 1974 microprocessor directly for nc machine tools, and further promote the popularization and application of the numerical control machine and developing. Along with numerical control function of machine more and more perfect, reliability and performance more and more high, it gradually in manufacturing bear the more and more important role. The development of numerical control machine in China began in 1958, after decades of development, until after the 80 s introduced Japan, the United States, Spain and other countries CNC servo and servo system technology, the numerical control technology in our country have qualitative leap; applications gradually spread out, numerical control technology industry to gradually form scale. In recent years, our country business enterprise of numerical control machine tool share is rising year by year, in large and medium-sized enterprise has more Use, in the small and medium-sized enterprises and even individual enterprises generally also in begin to use. 2001 domestic numerical control metal-cutting lathes production has up to 1. 80000 units, a year-on-year growth 28. 5%, numerical control machine tool industry output rate from 2000 in 17. 4% increase to 2001 years of 22. 7%. In 2001, Chinas industrial output has entered the world machine 5 th, machine tool in the worlds consumption rose to third place to 47. $3.9 billion, after the United States 53. 6.7 billion dollars, spending up 25% on the previous year. But because the home-made numerical control machine tool cant meet the demand of the market, Chinas imports of goods machine show ascendant trend, the import of 2001 machine tools jumped to second place in the world, for 24. $0.6 billion, a 27% increase from the previous year. In recent years, our country export growth of large nc machine tools have CNC lathe, CNC grinding machine, CNC special processing machines, CNC cutting machine, CNC forming bending machine, CNC machines, ordinary machine tools have drilling machine, thread-rolling, slotting machines, broaching machine, combination machine tools, hydraulic press, woodworking machinery, etc. Export of the numerical control machine tool breed with cheap primarily. Because of the rapid development of modern industry, the market demand change of more and more diverse, many varieties, medium and small batch and even single production occupies considerable proportion, has become more and more common machine tool can not meet the modern processing technology and improve labor productivity requirements. If the equipment all update replacement, not only little capital investment, cost is too high, and of the original equipment idle and would cause great waste. Now science and technology development soon, especially microelectronics technology and the development of computer technology faster, applied to numerical control system, it can improve the automation degree of machine tool, and can improve the machining precision, so the most economical way is the numerical control machine tool for ordinary transformation. This can improve the processing productivity, improve the processing technology, still can reduce funds, and to reduce the labor intensity, shorten the order a new numerical control machine delivery cycle time. Practice has shown the economical nc milling machine common transformation has the significant practical value, is this, in the old milling machine on the nc transformation has a good market prospect. Our country at present the machine tool gross 380 more than ten thousand sets, of which only 113400 units total numerical control machine, numerical control machine tools in China that is less than 3%. In the past 10 years, our country numerical control machine tool annual output is about 0.6 08000 sets, and annual output value is about 1.8 billion yuan. The numerical control machine tool annual rate of 6%. YiLing machine tools in China for more than 10 years of above 60%; 10 years the following machine, automatic and semi-automatic machine is less than 20%, FMC/FMS automation production line more numbered (the United States and Japan to be automatic and semi-automatic machine tool is more than 60%). Most of our manufacturing industry is visible and enterprise production, processing equipment of the vast majority of the traditional machine tool, and more than half YiLing is over 10 years old machine tools. In this equipment processing out of the common product quality is poor, variety, top grade, and less, the high cost and low long delivery, and in the international and domestic market less competitive, directly affecting an enterprise products, market, benefits and affect the enterprise survival and development. So must raise the rate of numerical control machine tools. Since our country since the reform and opening up, a lot of enterprise introduced from abroad technology, equipment and production line technical reform. According to not complete count, from 1979 to 1988, 10 years, the introduction of technical renovation programs have 18446 items, about 16.58 billion dollars. These projects, most of the project for the economic construction of our country play a proper role. But some introduced project for a variety of reasons, equipment or production line cant run, even paralysis, make the efficiency of enterprises is affected, serious make enterprise in trouble. Some equipment, production line imported from abroad later, some bad digestion and absorption, spare parts is not complete, maintain undeserved, running the bad; Some introduction only pay attention to when importing the equipments, instruments, the production line, ignore software, technology, management, causing the project is not complete and equipment cannot exert potential; Some even cannot start the operation, doesnt play its role; Some in the production line of products sold very well, but because equipment failure cant DaChan standard; Some because of the products, high energy consumption is low and cause losses; Some has introduced a long time, need to update technology. A variety of reasons make some equipment not only create wealth, but consuming wealth. These cant use of equipment, production line is a burden, also is a group of large stock assets, fixed is wealth. As long as find the main technical difficulties, and solve the key technical issues, can activate the least investment the largest stock assets, to win the biggest economic benefits and social benefits. This is also a great transformation market. This topic is X53K vertical milling machine around will transform into economical CNC milling machine on the design, economical nc milling machine is to point to the price cheap, convenient in operation, and suitable for Chinas national conditions of a simple numerical control system of high efficiency automation machine tools. Small and medium enterprise in order to develop production, often hope on the original old machine tool transformation, achieve numerical control, automation. Economical nc milling machine system is combined with the actual production of reality, and combined with actual situation in China, and to meet the basic function system, under the precondition of prices as low as possible. Cheap price, performance to price moderate is the most main characteristic, especially suitable for occupies the larger proportion in the equipment of ordinary milling machine transformation, suitable for the first line in the production of large area promotion. Enterprise application type economical nc system to equipment after the transformation, the product will improve the machining accuracy and batch production ability and keep the universal processing and special high efficiency the two properties, improve equipment to upgrade their products of strain capacity, enhance the enterprise the competitive ability. Using the microcomputer transform the existing common milling machine, the main problems which should be solved is how to mechanical drive into manual control tool to and the inversion, and into to transform into controlled by computer automatic transfer tool and automatically feed processing a milling machine, namely economical nc milling machine. For the renovation of the numerical control machine is very necessary. Numerical control machine tool can well solve the complex shape, precision and small batch and changeable parts processing problem. Can stable quality and improve production efficiency processing, but the use of numerical control machine have also been other limitations. Such as: the numerical control machine tool is expensive, one-time investment huge etc, therefore, the CNC milling machine common transformation, bright prospects. It is suitable for Chinas economic level, the education level and production level, has become Chinas equipment technical reform one of main direction. And is currently in the machinery industry, with the development of market economy, the product update cycle more and more short, medium and small batch production possession of proportion is more and more big, the precision of mechanical products and quality requirements are constantly to improve and push forward. So the common machine getting more and more difficult to meet the requirement of treatment, and because of the technical level of the increase, the price of numerical control machine in declining, therefore, nc machine tools in the use of mechanical industry will become more and more common, and the original of the machine tool to ordinary numerical control reform should also be more and more widely, in accordance with the design of the task design X53K vertical milling machine numerical control the transformation. 国外利用数字计算机进行控制加工是从40年代开始的。1952年美国麻省理工学院在一台立式铣床上装了一套试验性的数控系统,成功地实现同时控制三轴的运动,它成了世界上第一台数控机床。此后,从60年代开始,其他一些工业国家如德国、日本等陆续地开发生产及使用数控机床。1974年微处理机直接用于数控机床,进一步促进了数控机床的普及应用和大力发展。随着数控机床的功能越来越完善,可靠性和性能越来越高,它在制造业中逐渐担当了越来越重要的角色。我国数控机床的研制是从1958年开始的,经历了几十年的发展,直至80年代后引进了日本、美国、西班牙等国数控伺服及伺服系统技术后,我国的数控技术才有质的飞跃,应用面逐渐铺开,数控技术产业才逐步形成规模。近年来我国企业的数控机床占有率逐年上升,在大中企业已有较多的使用,在中小企业甚至个体企业中也普遍开始使用。2001年国内数控金切机床产量已达1. 8万台,比上年增长28. 5%,机床行业产值数控化率从2000年的17. 4%提高到2001年的22. 7%。2001年,我国机床工业产值己进入世界第5名,机床消费额在世界排名上升到第3位,达47. 39亿美元,仅次于美国的53. 67亿美元,消费额比上一年增长25%。但由于国产数控机床不能满足市场的需求,使我国机床的进口额呈逐年上升态势,2001年进口机床跃升至世界第2位,达24. 06亿美元,比上年增长27。近年来我国出口额增幅较大的数控机床有数控车床、数控磨床、数控特种加工机床、数控剪板机、数控成形折弯机、数控压铸机等,普通机床有钻床、锯床、插床、拉床、组合机床、液压压力机、木工机床等。出口的数控机床品种以中低档为主。由于现代工业的飞速发展,市场需求变的越来越多样化,多品种、中小批量甚至单件生产占有相当大的比重,普通机床已越来越不能满足现代加工工艺及提高劳动生产率的要求。如果设备全部更新替换,不仅资金投入太大,成本太高,而且原有设备的闲置又将造成极大的浪费。如今科学技术发展很快,特别是微电子技术和计算机技术的发展更快,应用到数控系统上,它既能提高机床的自动化程度,又能提高加工精度,所以最经济的办法就是进行普通机床的数控改造。这样既可以提高加工生产率,改善加工工艺,还可以减少资金投入,减轻工人的劳动强度,缩短订购新的数控机床的交货周期时间。实践已经证明普通铣床的经济型数控改造具有重大的实际价值,为此,在旧有铣床上进行数控改造有着较好的市场前景。我国目前机床总量380余万台,而其中数控机床总数只有11.34万台,即我国机床数控化率不到3。近10年来,我国数控机床年产量约为0.60.8万台,年产值约为18亿元。机床的年产量数控化率为6。我国机床役龄10年以上的占60以上;10年以下的机床中,自动/半自动机床不到20,FMC/FMS等自动化生产线更屈指可数(美国和日本自动和半自动机床占60以上)。可见我们的大多数制造行业和企业的生产、加工装备绝大数是传统的机床,而且半数以上是役龄在10年以上的旧机床。用这种装备加工出来的产品普遍存在质量差、品种少、档次低、成本高、供货期长,从而在国际、国内市场上缺乏竞争力,直接影响一个企业的产品、市场、效益,影响企业的生存和发展。所以必须大力提高机床的数控化率。我国自改革开放以来,很多企业从国外引进技术、设备和生产线进行技术改造。据不完全统计,从19791988年10年间,全国引进技术改造项目就有18446项,大约165.8亿美元。这些项目中,大部分项目为我国的经济建设发挥了应有的作用。但是有的引进项目由于种种原因,设备或生产线不能正常运转,甚至瘫痪,使企业的效益受到影响,严重的使企业陷入困境。一些设备、生产线从国外引进以后,有的消化吸收不好,备件不全,维护不当,结果运转不良;有的引进时只注意引进设备、仪器、生产线,忽视软件、工艺、管理等,造成项目不完整,设备潜力不能发挥;有的甚至不能启动运行,没有发挥应有的作用;有的生产线的产品销路很好,但是因为设备故障不能达产达标;有的因为能耗高、产品合格率低而造成亏损;有的已引进较长时间,需要进行技术更新。种种原因使有的设备不仅没有创造财富,反而消耗着财富。这些不能使用的设备、生产线是个包袱,也是一批很大的存量资产,修好了就是财富。只要找出主要的技术难点,解决关键技术问题,就可以最小的投资盘活最大的存量资产,争取到最大的经济效益和社会效益。这也是一个极大的改造市场。 本课题是围绕将X53K立式铣床改造成经济型数控铣床展开设计的,经济型数控铣床是指价格低廉、操作使用方便,适合我国国情的装有简易数控系统的高效自动化机床。中小型企业为了发展生产,常希望对原有旧机床进行改造,实现数控化、自动化。经济型数控铣床系统就是结合现实的的生产实际,结合我国国情,在满足系统基本功能的前提下,尽可能降低价格。价格便宜、性能价格比适中是其最主要的特点,特别适合在设备中占有较大比重的普通铣床改造,适合在生产第一线大面积推广。企业应用经济型数控型系统对设备进行改造后,将提高产品加工精度和批量生产的能力,同时又能保持“万能加工”和“专用高效”这两种属性,提高设备自身对产品更新换代的应变能力,增强企业的竞争能力。利用微机改造现有的普遍铣床,主要应该解决的问题是如何将机械传动的进给和手工控制的刀架转位,进给改造成由计算机控制的刀架自动转位以及自动进给加工铣床,即经济型数控铣床。 进行数控机床的改造是非常有必要的。数控机床可以很好地解决形状复杂、精密、小批量及多变零件的加工问题。能够稳定加工质量和提高生产效率,但是数控机床的运用也受到其他条件的限制。如:数控机床价格昂贵,一次性投资巨大等,因此,普通铣床的数控改造,大有可为。它适合我国的经济水平、教育水平和生产水平,已成为我国设备技术改造主要方向之一。并且目前在机械行业中,随着市场经济的发展,产品更新周期越来越短,中小批量的生产所占有的比例越来越大,对机械产品的精度和质量要求也在不断地提高与推进。所以普通机床越来越难以满足加工的要求,同时由于技术水平的提高,数控机床的价格在不断下降,因此,数控机床在机械行业中的使用将越来越普遍,而对原有普通机床的数控化改造也应是越来越广泛,依照设计任务本设计对X53K立式铣床进行了数控化改造。
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