磨粉机设计【自流卸料兼磨膛吸料】【说明书+CAD】
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毕业设计(论文)题目名称 磨粉磨浆机的设计和研究题目类别 毕业设计学院(系) 专业班级 机械设计制造及其自动化学生姓名 指导老师 开题报告日期 2007年11月10日 外文翻译MME 新型磨粉机设计【摘要】就MME 新型磨粉机的特点, 如外观布局、铸铁底座、磨辊组自承研磨力、弹性张紧结构、变频喂料系统、刮刀清理等进行了简要说明和分析。【关键词】磨粉机; 磨辊; 变频喂料系统1. MME型磨粉机的介绍 MME磨粉机是2005年推出的一种新机型, 该机是在MDDK磨粉机近十年的实践基础之上,吸收国内外的先进经验,开发的一种新型磨粉机,较MDDK磨粉机有如下特点:1) 外观合乎人机工程学原理,门式外置开启,在工作中检查、更换元件方便,省力。铸铁底座综合性能优良2) 观察筒成椭圆锥形。椭圆形观察筒不仅外形美观,而且没有死角,改进存料条件,不易粘料。3) 轧距调节省力、容易。调节原理不同,改变了受力点,在开机状态下,容易调节到理想状态。4) 轧距调节机构气动锁紧。目前国内外磨粉机几乎全部为机械锁紧,MME磨粉机实现为气动锁紧,操作方便,绝对锁紧。5) 独特的弹性自动补偿齿楔带张紧装置。该装置能自动补偿带长度的微量变化提高带的使用寿命。6) 刮刀清理自动分离机构。当磨粉机磨辊离轧时,刮刀与磨辊自动分离,杜绝刮刀与磨辊在无料情况下直接磨擦,保护磨辊,提高刮刀使用寿命。7) 简捷的喂料辊清理单元。喂料辊不须外移就能很方便地清理喂料辊后的积垢,活动清理单元,改善了磨粉机内卫生状况,降低了装配和维修难度。2. 独特的外形设计1) 磨粉机外形磨粉机的机体高度、磨辊中心高度、微调手轮中心高度、外罩分体高度、机体过渡半径、外罩圆弧半径及整体外形比例分配等技术参数分别是通过形象设计进行的; 该机的外观设计获国家专利, 专利号为ZL 01 3 4997216 。2) 进料筒进料筒为椭圆锥形, 采用优质有机玻璃板整体模压成型, 不仅外形美观、便于观察, 而且能更好地使物料均匀自流地分布到喂料辊的全长上。3) 旋转护罩磨粉机两侧护罩采用旋转开门式结构, 只需反转拉手即可打开, 关上后靠磁性自动吸附在机体上, 不需要任何辅助工具即可实现快速开关护罩, 操作灵活方便, 防护效果更好。4) 铸铁底座该机采用铸铁底座, 与钢板底座相比, 具有结构坚固、不变形、减震和抑制噪声等优点; 机体采用上下剖分式结构, 上部侧机架采用优质钢板焊接而成, 上下部分用螺丝联接, 中间有减震垫, 整机无论从功能、寿命、美观、操作和维护等方面都进行了优化设计, 具有优越的综合性能。3. 磨粉机结构设计1) 磨辊组2.1 磨辊组自承研磨力结构单独承受应力磨辊组结构简单、操作灵敏。快辊轴承座6 固定在支撑横梁13 上, 慢辊轴承座8 骑跨在支撑横梁上, 与偏心轮12 配合, 气缸14 的活塞杆伸出与缩回使转臂15 旋转, 同时偏心轮转动, 使慢辊轴承座相对快辊中心平动, 完成磨辊离合闸动作, 见图2 。2.2 粗调轧距调整粗调螺母5 , 通过拉杆7 带动预压碟形弹簧组10 、慢辊轴承座8绕偏心轮12 转动, 使慢辊中心相对快辊中心前后移动, 使轧距得到调整。2.3 微调轧距转动微调手轮1 , 微调螺杆3 驱使微调杠杆4 绕支点旋转, 驱使气缸移动, 使转臂15 旋转, 带动偏心轮、慢辊轴承座移动, 使慢辊中心与快辊中心产生相对位置的改变。由于杠杆比较大, 轧距调整准确, 更为省力。2) 辊间传动2.4 三轮系传动结构MME 新型磨粉机的辊间采用三轮系传动结构, 布局合理、结构紧凑, 并选用齿楔带传递动力。该齿楔带具有轴向定位功能, 在传递过程中不跑偏、不跳齿。该齿楔带采用了性能优良的新型材料, 抗拉体采用强度高、延伸率小的进口玻璃纤维和钢丝绳, 本体层为综合性能优良的氯丁橡胶, 齿楔带表面覆盖的尼龙织物具有低摩擦和高耐磨性, 因此齿楔带是目前磨粉机辊间传动的最佳选择。2.5 张紧轮原张紧轮为楔轮, 在加工、装配过程中难度大, 尤其是装配时快辊轮和张紧轮的轴线必须平行, 相关的三带轮的轴向定位必须确保每一根齿楔带在垂直于轮轴的各自的运动平面内运动, 若有一轮发生轴向位移, 势必造成齿楔带与轮上齿槽的啮合发生偏离, 使齿楔受力不均, 齿楔磨损快,最终导致整条带搓齿、断齿以致于断裂。而现在张紧轮设计改进为光轮,降低楔轮的加工难度, 提高了加工精度, 当带轮在装配发生较小位移时,齿楔带的楔齿不再受张紧轮齿槽的限制, 从而减少齿楔带的磨损, 提高了齿楔带的使用寿命。2.6 弹性张紧结构 过去张紧结构为刚性调整结构,齿楔带在传递过程中, 齿楔带的长度有微量变化时, 就必须调整张紧轮的位置, 否则就会影响齿楔带的使用寿命。现用弹性张紧结构能自动补偿,齿楔带长度的微量变化不需随时调整张紧轮的位置。我厂通过反复实践对比, 证明了改用弹性张紧结构, 齿楔带的寿命延长了35 倍。3) 喂料系统磨粉机要保持稳定、高产、高效地运行, 喂料系统就应将一定流量的物料, 以一定的速度均匀准确地喂入研磨区。喂料效果的好坏直接影响研磨效果及出粉率的高低。同时, 喂料连续均匀, 对减少磨辊的磨损, 延长磨辊及轴承的寿命也有着重要的意义。3.1 简单有效的喂料机构 确保喂料的均匀性为了达到最好的喂料效果, 对喂料辊与磨辊之间的位置关系进行了合理的定位。应用特殊的喂料活动挡板机构, 使进料筒与喂料辊之间有足够的自由散落角度与空间; 加之喂料门的开启灵活方便, 喂料辊的齿形根据用户工艺位置以及来料的不同在梯形齿、螺纹齿、矩形齿、绞龙齿及光轴之间方便地选择。3.2 变频喂料系统为了保证喂料的稳定性, 采用最先进的变频喂料系统, 其基本工作程序是: 磨粉机料位的高低由料位传感器检测后, 通过接口板的A/ D 转换输入PLC 控制器, 控制器再根据输入的料位信号, 输出一个模拟信号到变频器, 由变频器控制喂料电机的转速, 从而准确控制磨粉机的料位。喂料辊电机的转速可在40260r/ min的范围内根据料位的高低自动无级变速, 上下喂料辊由同步齿形带按一定的速比传递, 使入磨物料保持基本稳定, 面粉质量也得到了保证。3.3 简单、方便、卫生的清理活动单元在料仓的清理方面, 我们没有机械地照搬国外的磨粉机, 把喂料辊做为一个整体移出, 增加零部件的作法, 而是从生产实际出发, 在中心横梁与喂料辊之间加活动板, 方便简单的机构达到了同样的清理效果, 很方便地清理喂料辊后面的积垢, 从而提高了卫生标准, 也降低了装配和维修的难度。3.4 增加负压吸风装置, 改善喂料状况, 提高研磨效果在喂料辊下部与研磨区之上设计了一种特殊的吸风道, 即负压吸风装置。该装置能降低物料入磨时因两辊相向旋转产生的“泵气”现象, 并降低磨膛的温度和湿度, 这对于心磨、渣磨可提高流量, 不喷粉, 并提高研磨效果。同时, 上磨门的玻璃能经常保持清洁、透明, 可以很好地观察喂料室的工况。4) 刮刀清理光辊先进的磨粉机都是用刮刀清理光辊, 刮刀比刷子清理得更干净卫生。我厂设计的刮刀清理机构装配简单、调整容易, 耗电量降低了30 %左右,现已在多数面粉厂家使用, 用户反映效果比刷子好得多。5) 电控系统整个控制系统的元件、显示面板、模块、PLC 都选用进口电器, 整个编程控制系统的设计更科学、更准确、更齐全、抗干扰能力更强。单台磨粉机的控制箱安装在机体的正前方, 多台磨粉机的电器元件也可集中安装在远离磨粉机的控制柜里面, 实行分别控制, 从而远离粉尘源, 保护电器元件, 提高控制质量, 便于安装维修。6) 质量的保证为了保证磨粉机的整体质量, 我厂对该机各零部件的加工工艺和精度做了高技术的要求。在加工、装配、检查等各个环节都严格地按质量标准执行。为了保证整体的使用性能, 关键的零件如轴承采用瑞典SKF 自动调心滚子轴承; 气动元件采用日本SMC 公司的元件; 磨辊、碟形弹簧、标准件等采用国内最好厂家的产品。4. 结束语综上所述, 我们推出的MME 新型磨粉机, 具有外观布局更合乎人机工程学原理, 铸铁底座综合性能更优良, 承受研磨应力的独立单元结构更先进, 调节轧距更省力方便, 先进的齿楔带、自动补偿的弹性张紧装置,易调整的刮刀清理结构, 国际领先的控制系统等突出的优点。同时, 该机在用户的需求下也可安装气控伺服喂料系统。总之, MME 新型磨粉机被专家认为是当今国际领先、国内一流的磨粉机。MME new milling machine design Author: Patton WJ Translator: 程本【Abstract】: MME on the characteristics of a new milling machine, such as the appearance of the layout, cast iron base, since the mill for grinding roll group, and elastic tension Structure, frequency feeding system, scraper, such as cleaning up a brief description and analysis. 【Key words】: Mill; Roll; frequency feeding system1. MME-milling machine introduced MME Mill Food Machinery Factory is the 2005 launch of a new model, The aircraft is in MDDK Mill for nearly 10 years on the basis of the practice, absorbing the advanced experience at home and abroad, the development of a new milling machine, a milling machine MDDK have the following characteristics: 1) appearance in line with ergonomic, an external door opened, the work of theinspection, to facilitate the replacement of components, and effort. Cast iron base of integrated high-performance 2) observe the tube into a cone-shaped oval. Oval tube observed not only beautifulshape, and no dead ends, the expected improvement of the conditions and difficult to stick materials. 3) rolling from the adjustment effort, easily. Regulating different principle, to changethe force, under the boot, easy to adjust to the ideal state. 4) rolling bodies from the air conditioning locking. Milling machine at home andabroad for almost all the mechanical locking, MME Mill for the realization of pneumatic locking, easy to operate, the absolute lock. 5) the unique flexibility with automatic compensation tooth wedge tensioning device.The device can automatically trace the length of compensation with improved with the changes in life. 6) Blade automatic clearance from agencies. When Mill from the rolling mill roll, andRoller Blade automatic separation, eliminate scraper and roller mill in the absence of direct friction material circumstances, the protection of Roller, raising scraper life. 7) simple feed roller clean-up unit. Feeding roll relocation can not be very easy to cleanup after fouling feed roller, clean-up activities unit, milling machines to improve the health status and reduce the assembly and maintenance difficult.2. A unique form factor 1) Mill appearance As shown in Figure 1, the body height of the milling machine, grinding roll centre height and fine-tuning hand wheel center height, the housings of height, the body radius of the transition, Housing radius and the overall shape of the distribution, and other technical parameters were by Image Design Conducted; aircraft designs of national patents, patent No. ZL 01 3 4997216. 2) The entrance of materialsThe entrance of materials into the cone-shaped oval for the use of quality plexiglass plate overall molding, not only aesthetic appearance, for observation, but also better able to make materials distributed evenly gravity feed to the full-length on the roll. 3) rotating shielding Mill use of revolving door on both sides of shielding structure, simply reverse handle to open and close automatically after rely on magnetic absorption in the body, do not need any tool to achieve rapid switch shielding, operating flexibility, protection Better. 4) cast iron base The aircraft used cast iron base, compared with the base plate, a solid structure, deformation, damping and noise suppression, and other advantages of using the body from top to bottom mesh structure, the upper side of a high-quality steel frame welded together, from top to bottom part with a spring-connected , Damping the middle pad with two in terms of function, life, beauty, operation and maintenance, and other aspects of the design has been optimized, integrated with superior performance. 3. Mill structural design 1) Roller Group1.1 Roller grinding of the group self-supporting structure Roller alone to bear the stress group structure is simple, sensitive operations. Express roller bearing fixed at 6 support beams 13, the slow roller bearing 8 to ride in support of cross-beams, and the round of 12 with eccentric, the 14-cylinder piston rod to turn out and the retractable arm 15 rotating, Eccentric round of rotation, so that at a relatively slow roller bearings fast-moving roller center, complete roll grinding moves from the reclosure, shown in Figure 2. 1.2 from the rough-rolling Rough-nut adjustment 5, 7 driven by drawbars preloading disc spring Group 10, Block 8 slow roller bearings around the eccentric round of 12 rotating, so that relatively slow roller center before and after moving faster roll center, rolling from the get adjusted. 1.3 fine-tuning before rolling Moment of fine-tuning a hand wheel, fine-tuning screw driven by three fine-tuning lever fulcrum around 4 rotation, driven by mobile cylinder, to arm 15 rotating, driven eccentric round, moving at slow roller bearings so that the slow roll center and a center roll faster relative position Changes. As more leverage, rolling from the adjustment accurate, more effort. 2) Roll of transmission 2.1 Three of the transmission structure MME New Mill between the use of the roll of three transmission structure, a rational layout, compact and optional power transmission belt tooth wedge. The tooth wedge With a axial targeting, in no deviation in the transfer process, not jump teeth. The tooth with a wedge of the excellent performance of new materials, high tensile strength of use, extension of the import of small glass fibers and rope, into an integrated body of the excellent performance of the chloroprene rubber, wedge tooth surface covered with nylon fabric with low Friction and high wear resistance, the tooth wedge milling machine with rollers is the best choice of transmission. 2.2 Take-up round The take-up round for the round of wedge in the processing and assembly process is very difficult, especially when the assembly is quick roll round and round the axis of tension must be parallel, related to the three pulley axial positioning must ensure that each wedge with tooth root Perpendicular to the axle in the respective sports plane of the movement, if one occurred axial displacement, it is bound to cause tooth wedge zone and on the alveolar round departure from the engagement occurred, the teeth are Shouli Bu wedge, wedge tooth wear faster, leading to The whole of rubbing with teeth, broken teeth resulting in the fracture. Now take-up round-round to improve design, reduce wedge round of the difficulty of processing and improve the accuracy of processing, when the pulley assembly in a smaller displacement, with the teeth wedge wedge teeth no longer subject to the restrictions of tension round alveolar , Thus reducing tooth wedge with the wear and improve the Tooth wedge with life. 2.3 flexible tension structure (see Figure 3) Tension over the past rigid structure for structural adjustment, with teeth in the wedge in the course of transmission, gear wedge with a trace changes in the length of time, we must adjust the location of tension round, otherwise will affect the teeth wedge with life. Tension is flexible structure can be used automatic compensation, the length of the tooth wedge with no trace changes at any time take-up round of the location. I plant through repeated practice contrast to prove that the flexibility to switch to take-up structure, with teeth wedge to extend the life span of three to five times. 3) Feeding System Mill confidential remained stable, high-yield, efficient operation, the feeding system should be on a certain flow of materials to a uniform rate of accurate feeding ground area. Feeding results have a direct impact on the grinding effects and the level of extraction rate. At the same time, feed for uniformity, to reduce the wear and tear roll grinding, grinding to extend the life of roller bearings and also have an important Italian Justice. 3.1 Feeding the simple and effective institutions to ensure that Feeding the uniformity of the feed in order to achieve the best results, the feed roll and roll grinding relationship between the location of a reasonable position. Feeding activities of the special baffle institutions, and feed into the roll between Liaotong have sufficient freedom of the scattered point of view and space; In addition, feed the door open flexible, roll-feed the profile of users based on location and to The different materials in the trapezoidal teeth, tooth thread, rectangular teeth, teeth-cutter and optical axis To choose between convenience. 3.2 Frequency feeding system In order to ensure the stability of feed, using the most advanced frequency-feed system,and the basic procedures are: Mill at the level expected by Level sensors detect, through the interface board of A / D converter input PLC controller , Controller accordance with the expected signal input and output to an analog signal converter from the inverter control feed motor speed, accurate control of the Mill Level. Feeding roller motor speed in the 40 260 r / min within the scope of materials based on the level of automatic CVT, from top to bottom-feed roller by the timing belt on a certain ratio transmission, make the mill to maintain the basic stability of materials , Flour quality has been guaranteed. 3.3 a simple, convenient and clean-up activities of the health unit Silo in the clean-up, we did not mechanically copy the foreign Mill, the feed roll out as a whole, the increase in parts of practice, but from the production reality, in the centre between the beams and feed roller Increase activity boards, agencies to facilitate a simple cleaning up the same effect, it is easy to clean up after the feed roller fouling, thereby improving the health standards, but also reduce the assembly and maintenance more difficult. 3.4 increase vacuum suction device windfeeding conditions improve, enhance grinding effects In the bottom and feed roller Grinding area on the design of a special Suction Road, which winds vacuum suction device. The device can reduce the material to the mill roll in both directions due to the two rotating the pump gas phenomenon, and lower the mill bore the temperature and humidity, the heart grinding, grinding residue can increase traffic, dusting, polishing and improving results . At the same time, the grinding of glass doors kept clean, transparent, can be well observed feeding room conditions. 4) Scraper cleaning Roll Advanced milling machines are used scraper cleaning-roller, scraper brushes clean up more than clean health. I plant clean-up institutions designed scraper assembly simple, easy adjustment, reducing power consumption by 30 percent, is now in the majority of mills home use, users reflect the results are much better than the brush. 5) Electronic Control System The control system components, display panels, modules, PLC imports of electrical appliances are selected, the entire programming control system design more scientific, more accurate and complete, stronger anti-interference capability. Single milling machine installed in the control box in front of the body, multiple Mill electrical components can also be installed in focus away from the milling machine inside the control cabinet, the implementation of the respective control, away from the dust sources, protection of electrical components And enhance quality control, easy to install maintenance. 6) Quality assurance In order to ensure the overall quality of milling machine, I plant on the aircraft parts and precision processing technology to do high-tech requirements. In processing, assembly, inspection, and other areas are strictly according to quality standards. In order to ensure the overall performance, the key components such as the use of the Swedish SKF Bearing automatically aligning roller bearings, aerodynamic components used Japanese SMC companys components; Roll, disc spring, using standard parts, and other domestic manufacturers of the best products. 4. Conclusion To sum up, we launch the new MME milling machine, with exterior layout will be more ergonomic, cast iron base of comprehensive performance better, grinding bear the stress of an independent unit structure is more advanced, rolling from the adjustment effort to facilitate more advanced The tooth wedge zone, automatic compensation of flexibility tensioning device, easy to clean up structural adjustment of the scraper, a leading international control system, and highlights the advantages. At the same time, the aircraft on the users needs can also be installed under the servo-controlled feeding system. In short, MME New Mill were experts believe is the leading international and domestic first-class The milling machine.
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