introduction论文引言.ppt
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HowtoWriteaThesisinEnglish,1.introduction,Descriptionofthiscourse,NotinterestingButreallypractical:explainingtherequirementsandgoodapproachestothewritingHelpfulforyourfuturegraduateeducation:Showinghowresearchisundertakenbriefly,TeachingObjective,Todescribe,discuss,andexemplifythethesiswritingforstudentsToshowstudentshowresearchisundertakenandhowthewritingofthethesisbeginsandendsToshowstudentstheprocessofthesiswriting(lastfor8months),1.Selectingatopic,LocatingyourresearchinterestAssigningtutorstoyouaccordingtoyourinterestMeetingwiththetutortodiscussthetopicFillinginthetableofselectingthetopicSubmittingthetopic,2.WritingaProposal,CollectingdataPreparingaworkingbibliographyRaisingtheresearchquestionChoosingtheappropriateresearchmethodWritingtheliteraturereviewWritingtheoutlineFillinginthetableofproposal,3.WritingtheThesis,SubmittingthefirstdrafttoyourtutorbeforeMay1st,2012SubmittingthesecondandthethirddraftThefirstThesisDefenseThesecondThesisDefenseSubmittingtherelevantmaterials,需提交的材料,1论文题目申报表2论文开题报告表3开题答辩记录单4指导记录5论文一稿6论文二稿7毕业论文定稿(含电子稿)8毕业实习手册(含实习报告),TeachingSyllabus,TheintroductiontograduationthesisChoosingaresearchtopicReviewingrelatedliteratureWritingathesisproposalandanoutline,TeachingSyllabus,Explainingelementsofathesis1.Writinganabstract2.Writinganintroduction3.WringaconclusionDocumentationThesisdefense,FinalMark,30%termmark:payingattentiontoyourpresence.16-hourcoursesreallyhelpyoumakethethesiswritingeasy70%papermark:writingathesisproposal,WhatisgraduationthesisforBA,essay:articlepresentingonesthoughts,feelings,andopinions短文;散文;小品文paper:scholarlyessay,articleordissertation,usuallyintendedforpublication文章(尤指学术论文)-RANDOMHOUSEWEBSTERSDICTIONARYofAmerican(1997),researchpaper学术论文academicpaper学术论文coursepaper学科论文termpaper学期论文,thesis-aformalpaperreflectingoriginalresearchonasubject,esp.onepresentedbyacandidateforanadvanceddegree,asamastersdegree学位论文-RANDOMHOUSEWEBSTERSDICTIONARYofAmericanEnglish(1997),dissertation-athesis,esp.onewrittenbyacandidateforadoctoratedegree学位论文-RANDOMHOUSEWEBSTERSDICTIONARYofAmericanEnglish(1997),Graduationthesisisaresearchpaperwhichrequiresmuchmorethanpersonalknowledgeandexperience.Weneedtosearchandgathermaterialsfromotherresourcesanddoresearch.Soathesisshoulddrawonoriginalconclusionbasedoninformationderivedfromresearch.,Whatisresearch?,Researchisthesystematicapplicationofscientificmethodstothestudyofproblems.,Theprocedureofdoingresearch?,identifyingandchoosingaresearchtopiclocatingandreviewingpreviousresearchassimilatingothersfindingsandformulatingyourfocusdevelopingyourideasclearlyandconvincinglywithsupportingmaterials,Whathasbeendone?Whathasnotbeendone?WhatamIgoingtodo?Whataremyfindings?Implicationsandlimitations,Planningandwritinggraduationthesisisdoingaresearch.,TypesofResearch,Primaryresearch(初步研究/原始研究)collectingdatathatdoesnotalreadyexistthroughnumerousforms,includingquestionnairesandtelephoneinterviewsamongstothers,conductingexperiments,etc.gatheringnewideasandinformationonyourown.,Typesofresearch,Primaryresearch(初步研究/原始研究)Therearebasicapproachestodatacollectionsusingprimarymethods:Qualitativeresearchincludesinterviews,focusgroups,participantobservationsandethnographies.(人种学是从人类学中借用的一个术语,意味着对人类文化进行系统的浸入式研究)Quantitativeresearchincludescontrolledlaboratoryexperiments,fieldwork,questionnairesandsurveys.,Typesofresearch,Primaryresearch(初步研究/原始研究)empiricalresearch(实验/证研究)fieldresearch(实地/现场研究)narrativeresearch(叙事研究),Typesofresearch,fieldresearch(实地/现场研究)参与式的观察法,是从正在进行的活动过程中发现有意义的事情,然后对其进行反复、深入的观察和实地调查后才形成观点。,Typesofresearch,narrativeresearch(叙事研究)由研究者本人(“我”)“叙述”自己的研究过程中所发生的一系列教育事件:包括所研究的问题是怎样提出来的;这个问题提出来后“我”是如何想方设法去解释问题的;设计好解决问题的方案后“我”在具体的解决问题的过程中又遇到了什么障碍,问题真的被解决了吗?如果问题没有被解决或没有很好地被解决,“我”后来又采取了什么新的策略,或者“我”又遭遇了什么新的问题?,Typesofresearch,Secondresearch/library/deskresearch二次研究gatheringtogetherandanalyzingresearchfindingsfromotherpeoplesresearch,Typesofresearch,Secondaryresearchconsistsofsummarizingpreviousstudies,reviewingtheliteratureinagivenarea,andsynthesizingtheresearchundertakenbyothers.Bothlibraryresearchandliteraturereviewbelongtosecondaryresearch.Inmostcases,thiskindofsecondaryresearchisanecessaryprerequisitetotheprimaryresearchbecauseitprovidesnecessaryandimportantinformation.,Bydoingresearchyouwilllearnhowtoinvestigate,review,andproductivelyuseinformation,ideas,andopinionsofotherresearchershowtousethisinformationwithyourideasandpresentyourthoughts,opinions,andconclusionsconvincingly,Majorcomponentsofagraduationthesis,preliminaries/frontmatter(正文前/开篇部分)text/body(正文/主体部分)referencematerials/back/endmatter(正文后/结尾部分),Thetitlepage(题目页)Abstract(摘要)Tableofcontents(目录)Thebody(正文)Notes(注释)Bibliography(参考文献)Acknowledgements(致谢),Thetitlepage,FrontcoverinChineseThetitleofthethesisThefullnameofthewriter,tutor,specialtyThedepartmentorschool,theuniversity;thedegreegrantedThemonthandtheyearinwhichthethesisissubmitted,TipTheresponsibleofficeoftheuniversityusuallyprescribeandpreparetheformofthefrontcoverforyou.,Sampletitlepages论文封面.doc,Abstract,Abstractisaconcisesummaryofyourthesis.Itisusuallyabout200or300wordswith4or5keywords.Themajorpurposeoftheabstractisnottoevaluate,butrathertodescribethethesis.,Theabstractthereforeshouldhaveabriefstatementofthetopic,purpose,scope,andmethodofthepaper,sometimesincludingthedetailsofresults,conclusionsorrecommendations.,TableofcontentsChapterandsectionnumber(章节编号)Chapterandsectiontitles(章节标题)Pagenumbers(页码),NoteThenumberingofchaptersandthewording,capitalization,andpunctuationoftitlesandheadingsshouldbeexactlythesameastheyareinthethesis.,Sampletableofcontents目录样本.doc,Notes,Inanywritingnotderivedpurelyfromyourownmind,youmustdocument(proveorsupportwithdocuments证明/证实)yourfacts.Inwritinggraduationthesis,therearethreewaysofcitingsources.in-quotationnotes(夹注)end-notes(尾注)footnotes(脚注),Bibliography,Therearenumerousstylesandformatsinlistingsourcesindifferentdisciplinesandschools.Doitasrequired.,MajorfeaturesofgraduationthesisCultivationofyourabilitytoreviewandanalyzeAgraduationthesisforaB.A.degreeisusuallynotanoriginalpieceofworkoranoriginalcontributiontoafieldofknowledge.Itisratheranoriginalcompilation-abringingtogetherfrommanydifferentsources,includingyourownanalysis,intoonecoherentwhole.Itisacreation,inwhichdifferentpartsarelogicallyrelatedandallcenterononeresearchquestion.,2.Narrowtopic,AgraduationthesisforaB.A.degreeshouldcenteronlimitedaspectofageneralsubject.Ifitisdesignedtoestablishathesis,itshouldconcentrateononeortwomainpoints.Avoidsubjectsthatwouldleadyoutocompilemiscellaneous(混杂的)information.Sorestrictyourgeneralsubjectareauntilyouarriveatsomethingthatyoucanexploreindetail.,AmericanLiteratureofthe1920sOnCommunicativeLanguageTeachingOnChinasDiplomaticPolicyMetaphorTaboos,3.multisources,“Ifyoucopyfromoneperson,youarestealing.Ifyouarecopyingfromahundredpeople,youaredoingresearch.”(TianGui-sen,2006),3.multisources,Bydefinition,aresearchpaperismorethanacondensationofeasilyaccessiblematerial.Whateverpointsyoumakeshouldrequirecarefulsiftingandcomparingofevidencefromdifferent,andpossiblyconflictingsources.,4.Objectiveintone,Inacademicwriting,yourtoneandattitudetowardsyoursubjectshouldbeserious.Theconclusionelaboratedinthepapershouldstayclosetotheevidenceactuallypresented.,Inordertobeobjectiveintoneyoushouldavoidfirst-personpronounssuchasIthink,asIknow,Ibelieve,inmyopinion.Thereaderassumesthatstatementsofyourpaperareyouropinionandrepresentyourpointofview.Inaddition,youshouldavoidimpersonallabelsuchastheresearcher,thewritertorefertothewriterofthethesis.,5.Noplagiarism,AgraduationthesisforaB.A.degreeforbidsanykindsofplagiarism.Youmayuseandyouareencouragedtouseotherswordsorideasbutyouarenotpermittedtotaketheirsasyours.Youmayquote,paraphrase,translateandsummarizeothersideas.Youneedtellclearlyinyourpaperwhereyoutakeit.,Whytowritegraduationthesis,1.TheabilitytoselectsignificantresearchAtopicshouldbeinteresting,significant,researchable,modestandwellfocused,andonethatthestudentcanfindenoughdataabout.,2.TheabilitytolocateandreviewpreviousresearchTheyareenabledtoreadopinionarticles,reviewarticlesandresearchreports,andtosearchforinformationthroughreferencebooks,librarycatalogues,abstractandindexservice,computerdatabase,onlineservice,andconferenceproceedings(纪要).,3.TheabilitytomaketheirownanalysisinresearchStudentsareencouragedtoaskgoodquestions,toinvestigateandviewthingsfromnewperspectiveandmaketheirownanalysis.Theircontribution,or“newness”couldbenewinperspective,method,dataoranalysis.,4.TheabilitytoexpressthingsappropriatelyinEnglishwritinginappropriatestyleofEnglishchoosingappropriatetensemakingtheirwritingobjectiveintoneandtheirpapercoherentinstructure,5.TheabilitytofollowthescholarlystyleandformatStudentsareencouragedtoquote,paraphrase,translateandsummarizeothersideas,buttheyarenotpermittedtotakeothersastheirs.Theyareenabledtotellclearlyintheirpaperwheretheytakeit.,6.TheinitialabilitytodoscientificresearchStudentshavelearnedthebasicmethodandtechniqueofdoingscientificresearchthroughthewritingofgraduationthesis.,- 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