英语高考专题阅读理解之猜测词义.doc
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How to deal with questions of word guessing in reading comprehension Learning aims:Students should master the skills of guessing the meaning of unfamiliar words and phrases while reading.Step 1 Pre-classRead the following passage and guess the meanings of the underlined words.Can Animals Count?The Americancootis a duck-like North American bird. Sometimes acootwill try andsneakone of its eggs into a neighbors nest. Somecootsrecognize thedeception, and roll the strangers egg out again. Others dont catch on, and raise the strangers egg as their own.Researcher Bruce Lyon at the University of California, Santa Cruz, and his team observed a series ofcootnests for four seasons, noting which birds could spot a strangers eggs and which couldnt. Then they compared how many eggs each kind laid.Their finding? Thecootsthat couldnt tell when a strangers egg had been stuck into their nest laid that many fewer of their own. Sneakone in, thecootlays one fewer. Sneaktwo in, thecootlays two fewer.Cootsthat successfully spottedintrudersknocked them out again and then laid the same number they normally would.Lyon argues that, along with eggrecognition, thecootsmust therefore be doing some version of “I see I have nine eggs heretime to stop laying now.” And that meanscootscount. Other researchers arent convinced. But though the debate goes on, the case for animal counting just got strongerby the weight of onecoot.Write down the meanings of the underlined words:coot sneak deception catch on spot intruders Step2 During-class猜测词义的方法:一, 根据构词法知识猜测词义。 在英语中有许多种构成单词的方法,常见的有三种:合成法,派生法和转化法。1. 合成法是指由两个或两个以上的词组成一个新词的构词法。如:nightlife, snow-white, ice-covered, good-looking, typewriter, absent-minded, darkroom, downtown, sightseeing等。 2. 派生法,也叫词缀法。一般是通过在已有词语的词根加上前缀或后缀而形成的一个新词。如:dislike, unnecessary, impossible, endanger, retell, useless, foolish, national, friendly, golden, movement, worker, childhood, happiness, direction等。3. 转化法是指不通过给一个已有的词语加上前缀或后缀却能改变词语的词性或词义。Have you booked your ticket? (n.v.) His hair is beginning to grey. (adj.v.)Let me have a try. (v.n.) Tom went home early. (n.adv.)注:首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律, 其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。二,联系上下文,猜测词义。1. 关注上下文中的定义,定语从句,同位语短语或从句,is, means, that is(to say), or, or rather, i.e., in other words, namely, :, ( ) , It will be very hard but also very brittlethat is, it will break easily. A. easily broken B. soft inside C. very hard D. expensive The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 Yuan a month. A. keeper of a group of animals, esp. cattle B. a butcher C. a man who sell sheep D. a person who looks after and kills animals The word “adolescence” means the period between children and adulthood. A. 少儿期 B. 幼儿期 C. 青春期 D. 成人期 2. 留意上下文中的信息词。 注意对比和转折关系。 Although the early morning had been very cool, the noonday sun was tropical. ( ) He had been getting better but during the night his condition deteriorated. ( )注:表对比转折关系的词常有but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, though, otherwise等。 依据同义词和反义词进行猜测 The football player was penalized for unnecessary roughness and the punishment was a good lesson for him. ( ) He replied quickly, but after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision. ( ) Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy, unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends. ( )注:信息词常有and, but, while, however, unlike等。 通过因果关系猜词 All his attempts to unlock the door were futile, because she was using the wrong key. ( ) I found I was paying too much attention to the job and thus sacrificing my study time ( )注:常用关联词如: because,as,since,for,so,as a result, so, so that, such that, thus 等表示前因后果。 注意并列结构 Most women in Chinathe educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and oldwork to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. It is really causing slight anger or irritation. ( )注:常有信号词有: and, but, or, than, more than, rather than, etc. 根据举例猜测词义 I have found Lucy is quite generous, for example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him. ( ) Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare. ( )注:常用的关联词有: for example, e.g, such as, such .etc3. 利用常识、自己的经验、经历及社会、科技等方面的知识猜词。 But sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. Then there will be a drought. ( ) The snake slithered through the grass. ( )特别提醒: 在推测生词的过程中不一定只用一种方法,可能会综合运用两种或几种方法,不管用什么办法都离不开对生词所处的上下文的理解。Competition Guess the meanings of the following words and phrases.1. We like our new house because it has a few elms in the backyard that will give us shade and keep the house cooler.A. a kind of building B. a kind of animal C. a kind of tree D. a kind of grass2. Mike gave his sister a small, red tulip because he knows how much she likes natural things.A. radio B. flower C. jewelry D. toy3. The driver tried to avert the accident by bringing the car to a sudden stop.A. avoid B. cause C. notice D. keep4. Sabots, or wooden shoes, are frequently worn by the field workers in Belgium and France.A. a kind of clothes B. a kind of caps C. a kind of shoes D. a kind of trousers5. Archaeology is the study of the buried remains of ancient times, such as houses, pots, tools and weapons.A. 地理 B. 生态学 C. 心理学 D. 考古学6. The football game was getting more and more exciting; however, the old lady was still as dozy as she usually was.A. 昏昏欲睡的 B. 亢奋的 C. 欣喜若狂的 D. 麻木的7. She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading. A. 心不在焉的 B. 紧张的 C. 全神贯注的 D. 睡意浓的8. Just for fun, they decided to try a very circuitous country road instead of the more direct highway. A. direct B. indirect C. straight D. secret9. She asked the hairdresser to trim her hair because it was too long. ( )10. Mark Twain was not the authors real name; it was a pseudonym. ( )11. Finally the enemy surrendered. They threw down their guns and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads. ( )12. The shop sells stationery, such as pens, pencils, paper, envelopes, and so on. ( )13. He is one of the most loquacious men I know His brother, however, does not like to talk much. ( )14A two-bedroom flat in Moscow now costs $4,000 a month; a CD $24.83, and an international newspaper $6.30, according to Mercer. By comparison, a fast food meal with a hamburger is a steal at $4.80.14. What do the underlined words “a steal” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. an act of stealing B. something delicious C. something very cheap D. an act of buying15Please stay on permitted paths. Otherwise you may destroy desert plants. Pack out what you pack in, so you leave no signs of your visit. It is important to keep in mind that you are in a national park where wildlife exists.15. What do the underlined words “pack out what you pack in” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. keep everything out of campgrounds.B. take away everything you bring in.C. carry all the necessary food. D. look after your personal belongings.Consolidation 1By the end of the seventeenth century , when newspapers were beginning to be read by more People, printed materials became all important way to promote products and servicesThe London Gazette was the first newspaper to set aside a place just for advertising .This was so successful that by the end of the century several companies started businesses for the purpose of making newspaper ads for merchants(2011全国,B)61. What does the word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Advertising in newspapers. B. Including pictures in ads.C. Selling goods in markets. D. Working with ad agencies.2Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found a new recipe of success. According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly. Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog. (2011 广东B)31. The underlined word swimmingly in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _. A. early B. lowly C. quickly D. smoothly3The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversations and truly engage complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas. I want students to dig deep within themselves for inspiration and ideas. I want them to push each other to think differently and make connections between the course the material and the class discussion. (2011北京卷 C)64. The underlined word “engage”in para.4 probably means _A. explore B. accept C. change D. reject 4I didnt hear them call my name, explained Shelley Hennig to Active Teens (AT) as she talked about that exciting moment on national television when she won the honor of Miss Teen USA 2004. Are you ready? is what she heard. Then she said, I shook my head no, and then they said yes and it was announced again.It was four days after that life changing moment for the seventeen-year-old high school student from Destrehan, Louisiana-she was still on cloud nine56. What do the words “on cloud nine” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? (2011全国卷E) A. frightened B. troubled C. very happy D. very angryStep 3 post-class1. Review what we have learnt in this class.2. Finish the reading comprehension on textbook. (P122&p123)- 配套讲稿:
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