2022-2023年考博英语-华中科技大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第42期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-华中科技大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 翻译题Nick Young创立了该刊物，并编辑英文版本，他说，上周多位北京警方和地方统计局的官员告知他该刊物进行了“未经批准的调查”，因此被认为违反了有关收集统计数据的1983年法律。杨先生说，在该刊物发行的十几年中，当局并未提供颁布此法令的明确原因。1.他说该刊物并未进行任何投票或调查，该法令非常含糊，因此可以禁止几乎任何需要与当地民众接触的信息收集。关闭该刊物的决定可能反映了中国对近几年增加的地方和国外资助民间团体的关注持续增加。2.某些民间团体已经降低了中国百姓维护合法权利的门槛，某些中国官员认为这些团体会导致社会的

2、不安定。如果这些团体受政府资助而且不从事公开的政治活动，那么中国中央政府通常能够忍受。一些官员表示那些团体能够极大地帮助监测和抵制虐工等违法的行为。3. 中国发展简报无权在中国出版，雇员也未注册为新闻记者，这就意味着该刊物未在更大出版社的允许下已经存在较长时间。但杨先生说，当局已经监视他的事务多年，他相信他们理解向国外扶助机构提供客观信息符合中国利益。【答案】1. He said that the newsletter did not conduct polls or surveys and that the order was vague enough to prohibit almost

3、any kind of information gathering that required interaction with local citizens.2. Some civic groups have helped people on the lower rungs of Chinese society defend their legal rights, and some Chinese officials contend that the groups have contributed to a surge in social unrest.3. China Developmen

4、t Brief had no license to publish in China, and its employees were not registered as news correspondents, meaning the newsletter had long operated without the permits required of larger publications.2. 单选题In the eighteenth century, Japans feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, fo

5、und themselves under financial stress. In part, this stress can be attributed to the overlords failure to adjust to a rapidly expanding economy, but the stress was also due to factors beyond the overlords control. Concentration of the samurai in castle-towns had acted as a stimulus to trade. Commerc

6、ial efficiency, in turn, had put temptations in the way of buyers. Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habits

7、grew expensive. Overlords income, despite the increase in rice production among their tenant farmers, failed to keep pace with their expenses. Although shortfalls in overlords income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors (the nearly inevitable outcome of hereditary office-ho

8、lding) as from their higher standards of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringing an increase in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances. Once in debt, neither the individual samurai nor the shogun himself found it easy t

9、o recover.It was difficult for individual samurai over lords to increase their income because the amount of rice that farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited, and since the income of Japans central government consisted in part of taxes collected by the shogun from his huge domain, th

10、e government too was constrained. Therefore, the Tokugawa shoguns began to look to other sources for revenue. Cash profits from government-owned mines were already on the decline because the most easily worked deposits of silver and gold had been exhausted, although debasement of the coinage had com

11、pensated for the loss. Opening up new farmland was a possibility, but most of what was suitable had already been exploited and further reclamation was technically unfeasible. Direct taxation of the samurai themselves would be politically dangerous. This left the shoguns only commerce as a potential

12、source of government income.Most of the countrys wealth, or so it seemed, was finding its way into the hands of city merchants. It appeared reasonable that they should contribute part of that revenue to ease the shoguns burden of financing the state. A means of obtaining such revenue was soon found

13、by levying forced loans, known as goyo-kin; although these were not taxes in the strict sense, since they were irregular in timing and arbitrary in amount, they were high in yield. Unfortunately, they pushed up prices. Thus, regrettably, the Tokugawa shoguns，search for solvency for the government ma

14、de it increasingly difficult for individual Japanese who lived on fixed stipends to make ends meet.31.The passage is most probably an excerpt from（ ）.32.Which of the following financial situations is most analogous to the financial situation in which Japans Tokugawa shoguns found themselves in the e

15、ighteenth century?33.Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author toward the samurai discussed in Sentence 5, Paragraph 1?34.The passage suggests that, in eighteenth-century Japan, the office of tax collector（ ）.35.The passage implies that which of the following was the primary r

16、eason why the Tokugawa shoguns turned to city merchants for help in financing the state?问题1选项A.an economic history of JapanB.the memoirs of a samurai warriorC.a modern novel about eighteenth-century JapanD.an essay contrasting Japanese feudalism with its Western counterpart问题2选项A.A small business bo

17、rrows heavily to invest in new equipment, but is able to pay off its debt early when it is awarded a lucrative government contract.B.Fire destroys a small business, but insurance covers the cost of rebuilding.C.A small business is turned down for a loan at a local bank because the owners have no cre

18、dit history.D.A small business has to struggle to meet operating expenses when its profits decrease.问题3选项A.Warmly approving.B.Mildly sympathetic.C.Bitterly disappointed.D.Harshly disdainful.问题4选项A.was a source of personal profit to the officeholderB.was regarded with derision by many JapaneseC.remai

19、ned within familiesD.existed only in castle-towns问题5选项A.A series of costly wars had depleted the national treasury.B.Most of the countrys wealth appeared to be in city merchants hands.C.Japan had suffered a series of economic reversals due to natural disasters such as floods.D.The merchants were alr

20、eady heavily indebted to the shoguns.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】31.推理题。题干中的excerpt一词的意思为“摘录”。浏览全文后发现本文主题句为第一段第一句。In the eighteenth century, Japans feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial stress.（在18世纪，日本的封建领主，从幕府将军到最卑微的武士，都发现自己处于财政压力之下。）从而得出本

21、题答案。32.细节类比题。文章第一段第5-7句。Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive. Overlords income, despite t

22、he increase in rice production among their tenant farmers, failed to keep pace with their expenses. Although shortfalls in overlords income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors (the nearly inevitable outcome of hereditary office-holding) as from their higher standards of li

23、ving, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringing an increase in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances.给出了18世纪的financial situations有三方面的原因：samurai（武士）问题，收入增加跟不上支出的增加和灾难。根据题干中关键词Tokugawa定位到文章第二、第三段。从而得出本题答案。33.观点态度题。根据题干，将信息点定位到第一段

24、第五句。Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive.（由于多年的和平生活使大多数武士变得懒惰，他们被鼓励从事学术和军事训练，或从事不需要多少时间的行

25、政工作，因此他们的品味和习惯变得昂贵也就不足为奇了。）根据第五句句子后半部分的“it is not surprising. ”表明作者的态度是略带同情的正向评价。从而得出本题答案。34.细节事实题。根据题干关键词tax collector，将信息点定位到文章第一段第七句。“Although shortfalls in overlords income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors (the nearly inevitable outcome of hereditary office-holding)

26、 as from their higher standards of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringing an increase in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances.（尽管领主收入的减少几乎和他们生活水平的提高一样多的是由于他们的税务人员的疏忽（世袭官职的几乎不可避免的结果），但一场火灾或洪水这样的灾难，带来的开支的增加或收入的下降，可能会使处

27、理财政的城市大米经纪人欠下一笔债务）”从而得出本题答案。35.事实推理题。根据题干中的关键词city merchants，将信息点定位到文章最后一段第一句。Most of the countrys wealth, or so it seemed, was finding its way into the hands of city merchants.（这个国家的大部分财富，或者说看起来，正在流入城市商人的手中。）从而得出本题答案。3. 单选题Feminist critics have long debated the extent to which gender plays a role i

28、n the creation and interpretation of texts. Androgynist poetics, rooted in mid-Victorian womens writing, contends that the creative mind is sexless, but from the 1970s on, many feminist critics rejected the idea of the genderless, mind, finding that the imagination cannot evade conscious or unconsci

29、ous structures of gender which is part of culture-determination where separating imagination from the self is impossible.The Female Aesthetic, expressing a unique female consciousness in literature, spoke of the “female vernacular, the Mother Tongue, a powerful but neglected womens culture”. Virgini

30、a Woolf discusses how a woman writer seeks within herself “the pools, the depths, the dark places where the largest fish slumber”, inevitably colliding against her own sexuality to confront “something about the body, about the passions”. Accessible to men and women alike, but representing female sex

31、ual morphology, this method sought a way of writing which literally embodied the female, thereby fighting the subordinating, linear style of classification or distinction.It must be admitted that there are problems with the Female Aesthetic that feminist critics themselves recognized. For instance,

32、they avoided defining exactly what constituted their writing style, as any definition would then categorize it and safely subsume it as a genre under the linear patriarchal structure its very restlessness and ambiguity defied identification as part of its identity. Some feminists and women writers c

33、ould feel excluded by the surreality of the Female Aesthetic and its stress on the biological forms of female experience, which also bear close resemblance to essentialism. Men may try their hand at writing womans bodies, but according to the feminist critique, only a woman whose very biology gave h

34、er an edge could read these texts successfully a position which, worst of all, risked marginalization of womens literature and theory.Later, Gynocritics attempted to resolve some of these problems, by agreeing that womens literature lay as the central concern for feminist criticism but rejecting the

35、 concept of an essential female identity and style, while simultaneously seeking to revise Freudian structures by emphasizing a Pre-Oedipal phase wherein the daughters bond to her mother inscribes the key factor in gender identity. Matriarchal values dissolve intergenerational conflicts and build up

36、on a female tradition of literature rather than the struggle of Oedipus and Lais at the crossroads. Lastly and most promising in its achievement of a delicate balance are developments of an over-arching gender theory, which considers gender, both male and female, as a social construction built on bi

37、ological differences. Gender theory proposes to explore ideological inscription and the literary effects of the sex/gender system, opening up the literary theory stage and bringing in questions of masculinity into feminist theory. Taking gender as a fundamental analytic category brings feminist crit

38、icism from the margin to the center, though it risks depoliticizing the study of women.30.Which of the following titles best summarizes the content of the passage?31.The author specifically mentions all of the following issues that have been considered in the evolution of feminist literary criticism

39、 EXCEPT（ ） .32.The author refers to “the largest fish” (Paragraph 2) primarily in order to （ ） .33.According to the passage, the greatest risk posed by the feminist theories, like the FemaleAesthetic, which posit the existence of an “essential” or non-constructed gender is in （ ） .34.It can be infer

40、red that the author would define the “delicate balance” mentioned in the last paragraph as the equilibrium between（ ）.35.It can be inferred from the passage that the author would most likely describe the evolution of feminist literary theory as （ ）.问题1选项A.A Historical Overview of Feminist Literary C

41、riticismB.Establishing New Feminist Concepts of GenderC.The Precarious Feminist Compromise in Politics and ArtD.A New Theory of Literary Criticism问题2选项A.the place of women in the literary canonB.the question of culture in determining genderC.the role of Freud in theorizing gender identityD.the effec

42、t of biological differences on textual style问题3选项A.suggest a refuge from the long history of sexist literary criticismB.offer a sense of political purpose that can only be awakened through literatureC.articulate the possibility for escape from the confines of gendered identityD.reference a unique fe

43、minist identity that must be extracted somehow from the body问题4选项A.creating a dead-end for feminist literary criticism by attacking the notion of an androgynist poeticsB.reinforcing sexist notions that women cannot emulate the literary style of menC.pushing feminist writing out of the mainstream by

44、arguing that men are unable to fully comprehend womens writingD.relying too heavily on the theories of Freud, under which identity is the product of biology问题5选项A.establishing ties between generations of women writers and fighting patriarchal influenceB.assigning the proper weight to the concept of

45、gender as socially constructed and biologically inheritedC.actively fighting and passively documenting the literary effects of the sex/gender systemD.avoiding marginalization on the political fringes and de-politicization in the political mainstream问题6选项A.a gradual movement from the idea of genderle

46、ss writing to a writing that originates in the womans bodyB.a shift between adversarial criticism to more tolerant varieties of criticismC.a regular fluctuation between the idea of genderless and gendered writing that gradually settles on a compromiseD.a more or less constant pursuit of the goal of

47、establishing a unique niche for womens literature【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B第6题:C【解析】30.主旨大意题。通读全文，发现作者的写作脉络都是围绕“Feminist Literary Criticism”, 原文首段是说Feminist critics have long debated the extent to which gender plays a role in the creation and interpretation of texts.（女权主义评论者在性别对创造力和演绎能力的作用上存在争议）文

48、第二段是说The Female Aesthetic, expressing a unique female consciousness in literature,（女性审美在文学上表达出一种独特的女性意识）；原文第三段是说It must be admitted that there are problems with the Female Aesthetic that feminist critics themselves recognized.（女权主义评论者认识到并且承认女性审美存在一些问题）；原文第四段是说Later, Gynocritics attempted to resolve

49、some of these problems（女性评论者试着解决其中的一些问题）。可见，全文应为“女性文学评论的历史概述”。即可得出本题答案。31.细节判断题。选项A可定位至第二段第一句；选项B可定位至第三段；选项C可定位至第四段，选项D文中未提及。从而得出本题答案。32.细节推断题。根据题干信息，将信息点定位到原文第二段第二句Virginia Woolf discusses how a woman writer seeks within herself “the pools, the depths, the dark places where the largest fish slumber

50、”, inevitably colliding against her own sexuality to confront “something about the body, about the passions”（弗吉尼亚伍尔夫（Virginia Woolf）探讨了一位女作家如何在自己内心寻找“池塘、深处、最大的鱼睡觉的黑暗地方”，不可避免地与自己的性欲发生冲突，以面对“有关身体和激情的某些东西”。）根据“own sexuality”,“ the body”,“the passions”等信息判定“the largest fish”指的是选项D。从而得出本题答案。试题答案 D33.信息推断

51、题。根据题干关键词“the greatest risk”，将信息点定位到原文第三段最后一句Men may try their hand at writing womans bodies, but according to the feminist critique, only a woman whose very biology gave her an edge could read these texts successfully a position which, worst of all, risked marginalization of womens literature and t

52、heory.（女性主义批评认为只有女性才能够解读女性写作的文本，而这一立场带来的最大的风险是将女性文学与理论边缘化）即可得出本题答案。34.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“delicate balance”，将信息点定位到原文最后一段第三句“Lastly and most promising in its achievement of a delicate balance are developments of an over-arching gender theory, which considers gender, both male and female, as a social const

53、ruction built on biological differences.（最后，在实现微妙的平衡方面最有希望的是一种包罗万象的性别理论的发展，该理论认为性别，包括男性和女性，是建立在生理差异基础上的社会结构。）根据“considers gender” “social construction built on biological differences”即可得出本题答案。35.信息归纳题。本文主要关于女性文学评论的历史发展，根据原文第一段第一句Feminist critics have long debated the extent to which gender plays a r

54、ole in the creation and interpretation of texts.（长期以来，女权主义批评家一直在争论性别在文本的创作和解释中所起的作用。），最后一段的“a delicate balance”即可得出本题答案。4. 单选题Medievalists usually distinguish medieval public law from private law: the former was concerned with government and military affairs and the latter with the family, social st

55、atus, and land transactions. Examination on medieval womens lives shows this distinction to be overly simplistic. Although medieval women were legally excluded from roles that categorized as public, such as soldier, justice, jury member, or professional administrative official, womens control of lan

56、dusually considered a private or domestic phenomenonhad important political implications in the feudal system of thirteenth-century England. Since land equaled wealth and wealth equaled power, certain women exercised influence by controlling land. Unlike unmarried women who were legally subject to t

57、heir guardians or married women who had no legal identity separate from their husbands, women who were widows had autonomy with respect to acquiring or disposing of certain property, suing in court, incurring liability for their own debts, and making wills.Although feudal lands were normally transfe

58、rred through primogeniture (the eldest son inheriting all), when no sons survived, the surviving daughters inherited equal shares under what was known as partible inheritance. In addition to controlling any such land inherited from her parents and any bridal dowryproperty a woman brought to the marr

59、iage from her own familya widow was entitled to use of one-third of her late husbands lands. Called “dower” in England, this grant had greater legal importance under common law than did the bridal dowry; no marriage was legal unless the groom endowed the bride with this property at the wedding cerem

60、ony. In 1215 Magna Carta (The charter of English political and civil liberties granted by King John at Runnymede in June 1215) guaranteed a widows right to claim her dower without paying a fine; this document also strengthened widows ability to control land by prohibiting forced remarriage. After 12

61、72 women could also benefit from jointure: the groom could agree to hold part or all of his lands jointly with the bride, so that if one spouse died, the other received these lands.Since many widows had inheritances as well as dowers, widows were frequently the financial heads of the family; even th

62、ough legal theory assumed the maintenance of the principle of primogeniture, the amount of land the widow controlled could exceed that of her son or of other male heirs. Anyone who held feudal land exercised authority over the people attached to the landknights, rental tenants, and peasantsand had t

63、o hire estate administrators, oversee accounts, receive rents, protect tenants from outside encroachment, punish tenants for not paying rents, appoint priests to local parishes, and act as guardians of tenants, children and executors of their wills. Many married women fulfilled these duties as deput

64、ies for husbands away at court or at war, but widows could act on their own behalf. Widows legal independence is suggested by their frequent appearance in thirteenth-century English legal records. Moreover, the scope of their sway (a: a controlling influence b: sovereign power: DOMINION c: the abili

65、ty to exercise influence or authority: DOMINANCE; synonyms see POWER. ) is indicated by the fact that some controlled not merely single estates, but multiple counties.26.Which one of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?27.Which one of the following most accurately expresses the mea