2022年考博英语-首都师范大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解5

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1、2022年考博英语-首都师范大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题The wealth of a country should be measured （ ）the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can provide.问题1选项A.in line withB.in terms ofC.in regard toD.by means of【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。in line with “与一致”；in terms of “根据，按照”；in regard to “

2、关于，对于”； by means of “凭借”。句意：一个国家的富有程度，应根据国家能提供的商品以及国民的健康和幸福来衡量。由be measured可知B项符合句意。答案B2. 单选题All the students have to （ ）to the rules and regulations of the school.问题1选项A.confirmB.confrontC.confineD.conform【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。confirm 证实，确认，批准； confront面对，遭遇；confine限制，禁闭；conform遵从，顺从，符合 ；conform to 遵守。句意

3、：所有学生必须遵守学校的规章制度。只有D项符合句意，答案D。3. 单选题He was punished （ ）he should make the same mistake again.问题1选项A.unlessB.providedC.ifD.lest【答案】D【解析】考查连词辨析。unless 除非；provided 倘若；if如果；lest 以防，以免。句意：他被处罚了以免他再犯同样的错误。后半句用的是虚拟语气，表示对未来的虚拟。由句意可知，D项正确。答案D4. 单选题Lighting can be used not only to create an atmosphere, but al

4、so to （ ）features of the house, such as ornaments or pictures.问题1选项A.highlightB.underlineC.activateD.upgrade【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。highlight “突出，强调”；underline “强调，在下面划线”； activate “刺激，使活动”；upgrade “使升级，提升”。句意：灯光的使用不仅能营造一种氛围，还能突显出房屋的风格，如装饰或图画。A项符合句意，答案A5. 单选题In 1914, an apparently insignificant event in a r

5、emote part of Eastern Europe（ ） Europe into a great war.问题1选项A.imposedB.pitchedC.insertedD.plunged【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。 impose强加，征税；pitch投掷，倾斜； insert插入；plunge跳入，使陷入。句意：1914年，东欧一件明显微不足道的小事让整个欧洲陷入一场大战争中。由insignificant event与a great war可知两者存在联系，即小事件引起大战争，D项符合题意。答案D6. 单选题The remarkable （ ）of life on the Gal

6、apagos Islands inspired Charles Darwin toestablish his theory of evolution.问题1选项A.classificationB.varietyC.densityD.diversion【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。classification “分类，类别”； variety “多样化”；density “密度”；diversion “转移，消遣”。句意：加拉帕戈斯群岛上生物显著的多样性激发了达尔文去建立自己的进化论。由后半句“激发了达尔文去建立自己的进化论”可推知该岛上的生物是多样的。答案B7. 单选题Perhaps all

7、 criminals should be required to carry cards which read Fragile: “Handle with Care.，It will never do, these days, to go around referring to criminal as violent thugs. You must refer to them politely as “social misfits”（不能适应社会的人）.The professional killer who wouldnt think twice about using his club or

8、 knife to batter some harmless old lady to death in order to rob her of her meager life savings must never be given a dose of his own medicine. He is in need of “hospital treatment.According to his misguided defenders, society is to blame. A wicked society breeds evil-or so the argument goes. When y

9、ou listen to this kind of talk, it makes you wonder why we arent all criminals. We have done away with the absurdly harsh laws of the nineteenth century and this is only right. But surely enough is enough. The most senseless piece of criminal legislation in Britain and a number of other countries ha

10、s been the suspension of capital punishment.The violent criminal has become a kind of hero-figure in our time. He is glorified on the screen; he is pursued by the press and paid vast sum of money for his memories. Newspapers which specialize in crime reporting enjoy enormous circulations and the pub

11、lishers of trashy cops and robbers stories or murder mysteries have never had it so good. When you read about the achievements of the great train robbers, it makes you wonder whether you are reading about some glorious resistance movement. The hardened criminal is cuddled and cosseted by the sociolo

12、gists on the one hand and adored as a hero by the masses on the other. Its no wonder he is a privileged person who expects and receives VIP treatment wherever he goes.Capital punishment used to be a major deterrent. It made the violent robber think twice before pulling the trigger. It gave the coldb

13、looded poisoner something to ponder about while he was shaking up or serving his arsenic cocktail. It prevented unarmed policemen from being killed while pursuing their duty by killers armed with automatic weapons. Above all, it protected the most vulnerable members of society, young children, from

14、brutal violence. It is horrifying to think that the criminal can literally get away with murder. We all know that I ife sentence does not mean what it says. After ten years or so of good conduct, the most desperate villain is free to return to society where he will live very comfortably, thank you,

15、on the proceeds of his crime, or he will go on committing offences until he is caught again. People are always willing to hold liberal views at the expense of others. Its always fashionable to pose as the defender of the under-dog, so long as you, personally, remain unaffected. Did the defenders of

16、crime, one wonders, in their desire for fair play, consult the victims before the suspended capital punishment? Hardly, you see; they couldnt, because all the victims were dead.1.According to the passage, which of the following is the authors opinion?2.The tone taken by the author towards these defe

17、nders of crime in the passage is（ ）.3.Which of the following is true according to the passage?4.What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?问题1选项A.All criminals should be required to carry cards read: “Fragile: Handle with Care”B.Capital punishment is the only way to deter criminalsC.Society is to

18、 blameD.All criminals need hospital treatment.问题2选项A.ironicalB.criticalC.agitatedD.controversial问题3选项A.There has been a marked trend in society towards the humane treatment of less fortunate members.B.Everyone in society thinks it reasonable that all criminals should be punished.C.The author sympath

19、izes with all criminals.D.Robbers usually think twice before shooting.问题4选项A.Professional killers should not be treated with humane treatmentB.The violent robbers should think twice before pulling the trigger.C.We should give the poisoner time to ponder about while he is shaking up or serving his ar

20、senic cocktail.D.Severe punishment, even death penalty, should be given to criminals.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。纵观全文以及第一段末句“The most senseless piece of criminal legislation in Britain and a number of other countries has been the suspension of capital punishment. 英国和其他一些国家最愚蠢的刑事立法就是暂停死刑。”可

21、知作者对暂停死刑这种做法是不认同的。答案B第2题:观点态度题。由题干关键词“defenders of crime” 定位到第一段“According to his misguided defenders, society is to blame. A wicked society breeds evil-or so the argument goes. 按照他那些被误导的辩护者的说法，社会是罪魁祸首。一个邪恶的社会孕育着邪恶。”以及文章末句“Did the defenders of crime, one wonders, in their desire for fair play, consu

22、lt the victims before the suspended capital punishment? Hardly, you see; they couldnt, because all the victims were dead. 人们不禁要问，犯罪的辩护人是否出于对公平竞争的渴望，在暂缓执行死刑之前会咨询受害者的意见? 不， 你看到；他们不能，因为所有的受害者都死了。”可知作者对这些罪犯的辩护律师是讽刺的态度。答案A第3题:细节事实题。由第一段“It will never do, these days, to go around referring to criminal as

23、violent thugs. You must refer to them politely as “social misfits”. 现在，把罪犯称为暴力暴徒是绝对不可能的。你必须礼貌地称他们为“不适应社会的人”。以及“Its always fashionable to pose as the defender of the under-dog, so long as you, personally, remain unaffected. 只要你个人不受影响，摆出弱者的姿态总是很时尚的。”可知人们对于弱者或不幸的人通常采取宽容的态度。故A项正确，B项表述错误。C项“作者同情所有罪犯”与原文中

24、作者的态度不符，文中作者认为废除死刑是很愚蠢的事情，所以作者不会同情所有的罪犯。D项“抢劫犯在开枪之前会三思”是建立在“死刑的威慑作用下”。故D项表述绝对。答案A第4题:推理判断题。通读全文可知D项正确，死刑才是震慑罪犯的唯一手段。答案D8. 单选题In spite of the （ ）economic forecasts, manufacturing output has risen slightly.问题1选项A.gloomyB.miserableC.shadowyD.obscure【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。gloomy暗淡的，悲观的； miserable悲惨的；shadowy朦胧

25、的，有阴影的；obscure模糊的，晦涩的。句意：尽管经济前景暗淡，但是制造业产量却略有上升。由in spite of 及risen可知，前后为让步关系，故该空应与risen意思相反，并且能修饰经济前景的只有A项。答案A9. 单选题If we continue to argue over minor points we wont get （ ）near a solution.问题1选项A.somewhereB.nowhereC.anywhereD.everywhere【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。somewhere “某个地方”；get somewhere“有进展，有结果”； nowhere

26、 “无处；任何地方”；get nowhere“无进展；无结果”；anywhere “任何地方”； everywhere “每个地方”。句意：如果我们继续为小事争吵的话，我们找不到任何解决问题的方法。由前半句的假设的内容可推知不好的结果。答案C10. 单选题The final document was, of course, supposed to mend the damage （ ）upon the world by the war.问题1选项A.imposedB.impressedC.compelledD.compressed【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。 impose“把 强加于”；

27、impress“给予印象”； compel“强迫，迫使”；compress “压缩”。句意：当然，最终的文件应该去修复战争强加给世界的损害。impose upon“强加给” 为固定搭配。答案A11. 单选题Without the friction between the feet and the ground, people would （ ）be able to walk.问题1选项A.in no timeB.by all meansC.in no wayD.on any account【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。in no time立即，马上；by all means无论如何；in n

28、o way 决不； on any account 无论如何。句意：如果脚和地面之间没有摩擦，那么人类不可能会走路。C项符合句意，答案C12. 单选题There is no beer left and the pubs are shut so youll have to （ ）it.问题1选项A.go forB.go throughC.go offD.go without【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。go for “主张，拥护”； go through“仔细检查”； go off “离开，进行”； go without “没有”。句意：这里没有啤酒了，且酒吧也关门，所以你没有啤酒喝了。由上下文

29、语义可知D项正确。答案D13. 单选题There are several （ ）between the original estimates of the cost and the actual bills.问题1选项A.exaggerationsB.discrepanciesC.breakthroughsD.compliances【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。exaggerations夸张，夸大；discrepancies 偏差，差异； breakthroughs 突破；compliances 服从，听从。句意：在最初的支出预算和实际账单之间有一些偏差。根据the original est

30、imates of the cost and the actual bills可知，这两者之间的关系只可能是有偏差，答案B14. 单选题If you go to the park every day in the morning, you will （ ）find him doing physical exercise there.问题1选项A.logicallyB.ordinarilyC.invariablyD.persistently【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。logically “逻辑上”； ordinarily “通常地，惯常地”； invariably “总是，不变的”persi

31、stently “坚持地”。由go to the park every day 及“there”可推知C项正确。句意：如果你每天早晨都去公园，你会发现他总是在那里做运动。答案C15. 单选题Telecommunication developments enable the sending of messages（ ）television, radio and electronic mail to bombard people with many messages.问题1选项A.viaB.amidC.pastD.across【答案】A【解析】考查介词辨析。via 经过，通过，凭借； amid在中

32、间；past 越过，超过； across穿过，横穿。句意：电信的发展使消息通过电视、收音机和电子邮件的传递得以实现，爆炸式地向人们传递大量信息。由空格后的内容可知，此空意为通过的方式，答案A 。16. 单选题The international situation has been growing （ ）difficult for the last few years.问题1选项A.invariablyB.presumablyC.increasinglyD.dominantly【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。 invariable不变地，始终如一地； presumably大约，大概 ；incre

33、asingly越来越地；dominantly占优势地，支配地。 句意：在过去的几年里，国际局势变得越来越艰难。C项符合句意，答案C17. 单选题One study found that job applicants who make more eye contacts are （ ）as more alert, dependable, confident and responsible.问题1选项A.referredB.perceivedC.recommendedD.presumed【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。referred 提到，关系到；perceived感觉，认为； recommen

34、ded 推荐，劝告； presumed 以为，假定。句意：一项研究发现，眼神接触多的求职者会被视为更有警觉、独立、自信和有责任心。B项符合句意，答案B18. 翻译题许多事情不与朋友分享，就无法自得其乐，而读书则可以。独坐家中，却得以周游世界，了解千万事端的缘由。活在当世，却可以与千万年前的先人对话。读书增长阅历； 哪怕是万里之外、相隔千年，也能感受到他人对人生的感悟。其乐融融，唯有读书能赋予。未能从读书中享受到乐趣的人，乃贫乏之人：从读书中享受最大乐趣的人，是获得最大幸福的人。【答案】There are many things from which you would not entertai

35、n yourself if you dont share them with your friends. However, reading is an exception. By reading, you can sit at home to travel around the world and get to know the reasons of thousands of things. As a modern man, you can converse with ancestors from millions of years ago. Reading can enrich your e

36、xperiences, as you can taste others insight of life even if they lived thousands of miles away or thousands of years ago. Only reading can provide you with such pleasure. People who cannot enjoy reading are poor; People who gain the greatest fun from reading are the happiest.19. 单选题He said that endi

37、ng the agreement would （ ）the future of small or family-run shops,lead to fewer books being published and increase prices of all but a few bestsellers.问题1选项A.ventureB.exposeC.jeopardizeD.legalize【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。venture “冒险”；expose“揭露，揭发”；jeopardize “损害”；legalize “使合法化”。句意：他说，终止协议不利于小型或家庭式经营书店未来的发展，那

38、样会减少图书出版量，而且会提高除部分畅销书以外全部图书的价格。由lead to可知是导致不好的结果，故空格处要填贬义词，答案C20. 单选题Ask most people how they define the American Dream and chances are theyll say, Success. The dream of individual opportunity has been home in Americans since Europeans discovered a new world in the Western Hemisphere. Early immigra

39、nts like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a classless society where anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imaginations of many European readers: in Letters from an American

40、 Fanner (1782) he wrote: We are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered (无拘无束的)and unrestrained, because each person works for himself. We have no princes, for whom we toil (干苦力活)，starve, and bleed: We are the most perfect society now existing in the world. The promise of a land

41、 where the rewards of a mans industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor drew poor immigrants from Europe and fueled national expansion into the western territories.Our national mythology is full of illustration of the American success story. Theres Benjamin Franklin, the very model o

42、f the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from modest origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became Americans best-selling author with rags-to-riches tales. The notion of success haunts us

43、: we spend millions every year reading about the rich and famous, learning how to “make a fortune in real estate with no money down, and dressing for success. The myth of success has even invaded our personal relationships: today its as important to be successful in marriage or parenthoods as it is

44、to come out on top in business.But dreams easily turn into nightmares. Every American who hopes to make it also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of success inevitably implies comparison between the haves and the have-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd. Under pressure of the myth, we

45、become indulged in status symbols: we try to live in the right neighborhoods, wear the right clothes, eat the right foods. These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe strongly in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow

46、 citizens.1.What is the essence of the American Dream according to Crevecoeur?2.By saying the rewards of a mans industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor (Line 10-11, Para. 1), the author means（ ）.3.It can be inferred from the last sentence of the second paragraph that（ ）.4.What is

47、the paradox of American culture according to the author?问题1选项A.People are free to develop their power of imagination.B.People who are honest and work hard can succeed.C.People are free from exploitation and oppression.D.People can fully enjoy individual freedom.问题2选项A.the more diligent one is, the b

48、igger his returnsB.laborious work ensures the growth of an industryC.a mans business should be developed step by stepD.a companys success depends on its employees hard work问题3选项A.business success often contributes to a successful marriageB.Americans wish to succeed in every aspect of lifeC.good pers

49、onal relationships lead to business successD.successful business people provide good care for their children问题4选项A.The American road to success is full of nightmares.B.Status symbols are not a real indicator of a persons wealth.C.The American Dream is nothing but an empty dream.D.What Americans stri

50、ve after often contradicts their beliefs.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据题干定位到文章第一段中的 Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean deCrevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found inthis new land. 像Hector St. Jean deCrevecoeur这样的早期移民高度赞扬了在这片新土地上发现的自由和机会。以及We are all excited at th

51、e spiritof an industry which is unfettered (无拘无束的)andunrestrained我们对于这种行业的无拘无束的和不受限制的精神感到兴奋。可知美国梦的核心精神就是自由。答案D第2题:推理判断题。根据“because each person works for himself 因为每个人都为自己工作。”以及The promise of a land where “the rewards of a mans industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor” drew poor imm

52、igrants from Europe and fueled national expansion into the western territories. 在这片土地上，“一个人辛勤劳动的回报与他劳动的增长成正比”的承诺吸引了来自欧洲的贫困移民，并推动了国家向西部地区的扩张。”可知每个人都为自己打工，越勤劳，赚得就越多。故答案A第3题:推理判断题。定位到第二段最后一句today its as important to be “successful” in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business. 今天，

53、在婚姻或家庭中取得成功和在事业上取得成功一样重要。可知美国人认为在婚姻或亲子关系上的成功与商业成功同样重要。故B项“美国人希望在生活的每个方面都取得成功”正确。第4题:推理判断题。由第三段最后一句 “These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe strongly in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens这些区别的象征向我们和其他人保证，我们坚信所有人的基本平等，但我们仍尽最大努力将自己与我们的同胞区分开来。”可知美国梦的矛盾之处在于美国相信人人平等，但又在尽力将自己与别人区分开来。故D项正确。