2022年考博英语-山西大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解22

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1、2022年考博英语-山西大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题If you miss the cultural references（ ）a word, youre very likely to miss its meaning.问题1选项A.beyondB.behindC.belowD.before【答案】D【解析】考查介词辨析。A选项beyond“在（或向）较远的一边；超过”；B选项behind“在背面”；C选项below“在下面”；D选项before“在之前”。句意：如果你没看到单词（ ）的文化背景，你很可能会不理解它的意思。根据语境，可知文化背景紧挨着单词，并且在同一

2、句话中，before“在之前”比较合理。因此D选项正确。2. 单选题Sharks have an undeserved reputation for being bloodthirsty killers that routinely make snacks out of tourists. Although the risk of getting eaten by a shark is extremely small, the same cannot be said for underwater fiber-optic cables that carry data around the wor

3、ld.It seems sharks have a mighty craving for these vital intercontinental communication links, which has set Google on a mission to reinforce its transPacific cables by wrapping them in a Kevlarlike material. Google product manager Dan Belcher revealed their shark-proofing efforts at a marketing mee

4、ting in Boston, Network World reports.But why are sharks zeroing in on our global communication networks? Sharks have an uncanny ability to sense electromagnetic fields in the water using tiny detectors in their snouts called ampulla of Lorenzini. The organs, which look like freckles, sense even min

5、ute changes to electrical fields in the water, helping sharks find prey, navigate or locate fiber-optic cables.“No doubt the electromagnetic felds associated with these wires are highly attractive to these sharks,” George Burgess, director of the Florida Program for Shark Research, told USA. Interes

6、tingly, sharks dont seem to be lured to the older copper cables that run underwater. Its led to speculation that sharks confuse the high-voltage, magnetic emissions from fiber-optic cables with the signals given off by fish. Updated cables will thus likely protect the sharks and reduce energy-wastin

7、g attacks. Sharks have been giving global communications companies headaches since the 1980s. According to the New York Time, a few shark teeth were found planted in a cable of the Canary Islands in 1985. Every year, more than 50 repairs are needed on undersea transcontinental communication lines du

8、e to damage from wildlife, fishing trawlers and earthquakes, The Guardian reports. Googles reinforced cables will be installed as part of a new $300 million system connecting the United States to Japan, according to a press release from project partner NEC. It will result in an Internet connection t

9、hat relays information across the Pacific Ocean at 60 terabytes per second. Thats good news for Internet users, but maybe the sharks have a hidden reason: Perhaps theyre simply fed up with fear-mongering documentaries that cast them in a negative light.1.What does “the same” in Paragraph 1 refer to?

10、2.What is emphasized in Paragraph 2?3.Why do sharks bite fiber-optic cables?4.It can be learned that sharks（ ）.5.What is the main topic of the passage?问题1选项A.The killers making snacks out of tourists.B.The risk of getting eaten by sharks.C.The undeserved reputation of sharks.D.The small chance of sh

11、ark attacks.问题2选项A.The damage to cables caused by sharks.B.The cost of undersea cable lines.C.The function of underwater cameras.D.The development of undersea cables.问题3选项A.They mistake cables for fish.B.They like biting cable-shaped objects.C.They are curious about cables.D.They enjoy the taste of

12、cables.问题4选项A.like both copper cables and fiber-optic cablesB.prefer copper cables to fiber-optic cablesC.are attracted to fiber-optic cables onlyD.are attracted to copper cables only问题5选项A.Sharks are no bloodthirsty killers.B.How sharks pick signals from cables.C.Sharks benefit from electrical fiel

13、d.D.Fiber-optic cables are sharks prey.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.词义猜测题。由“Although the risk of getting eaten by a shark is extremely small, the same cannot be said for underwater fiber-optic cables that carry data around the world.（尽管被鲨鱼吃掉的风险非常小，但在全球范围内传输数据的水下光缆却并非如此。）”可知，虽然人类被鲨鱼吃掉的风险很小，但是水下

14、光缆被鲨鱼吃掉的风险却并非如此。所以the same表示被鲨鱼吃掉的风险。A选项“鲨鱼拿游客当点心”；C选项“鲨鱼被冤枉的名声”；D选项“被鲨鱼攻击的几率很小”都与上下文不符，因此B选项“被鲨鱼吃掉的风险”正确。2.主旨大意题。第二段的最后一句话说到“Google product manager Dan Belcher revealed their shark-proofing efforts at a marketing meeting in Boston, Network World reports. （据网络世界报道，谷歌产品经理丹贝尔彻在波士顿的市场营销会议上透露了他们的防鲨鱼努力。）

15、”，说明为了防止鲨鱼对电缆的破坏，人们做了很多努力，所以该段落更侧重于暗示鲨鱼对电缆造成的破坏。B选项“海底电缆线路的费用”在第二段没有表现出来；C选项“水下相机的功能”第二段没有提到；D选项“海底电缆的发展”第二段也没有提到。因此A选项“鲨鱼对电缆造成的损坏”正确。3.事实细节题。文章第五段写道“Its led to speculation that sharks confuse the high-voltage, magnetic emissions from fiber-optic cables with the signals given off by fish. （人们猜测鲨鱼会将光

16、纤电缆发出的高压磁辐射与鱼类发出的信号相混淆。）”，所以鲨鱼会咬电缆是因为错把它们当成了鱼类。B选项“它们喜欢咬电缆形状的物体”文中没有提到；C选项“它们对电缆很好奇”；D选项“它们喜欢电缆的味道”都与原文不符，因此A选项“它们把电缆错当成了鱼”正确。4.事实细节题。文章第五段写道“Interestingly, sharks dont seem to be lured to the older copper cables that run underwater.（有趣的是，鲨鱼似乎不会被海底的旧铜电缆所吸引。）”，由此可知，鲨鱼只被光纤电缆吸引。A选项“铜电缆和光纤电缆都喜欢”；B选项“更喜欢

17、铜电缆而不是光纤电缆”；D选项“只被铜电缆吸引”都与原文意思相悖，因此C选项“只被光纤电缆吸引”正确。5.主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了鲨鱼对电缆光纤的破坏。A选项“鲨鱼不是嗜血的杀手”文中并没有侧重讲解；B选项“鲨鱼如何从电缆中接收信号”文章也没有提到；C选项“鲨鱼受益于电场”说法错误；D选项“光纤电缆是鲨鱼的受害者”更准确，因此D选项正确。3. 单选题When the fire is out and the（ ）are glowing, its time to call it a night.问题1选项A.halosB.embersC.ashesD.fragments【答案】B【解析】考查词义

18、辨析。A选项halos“光晕，光环，色圈”；B选项embers“余烬，余火”；C选项ashes“骨灰，灰烬”；D选项fragments“碎片，片段；分裂”。句意：当火焰熄灭，（ ）闪光，是时候收工了。fire is out和embers“余烬，余火”相对应，符合语境。因此B选项正确。4. 单选题Some of the worlds most important museums are confirming what weve suspected all along but didnt dare say: selfie sticks (自拍杆) are stupid.The Museum of

19、Modern Art (MoMA) has banned the sticks from their exhibition halls to prevent damage to the artwork. If youve ever set foot in MoMA youll know what a difficult experience it can be. Not because it isnt an exceptional art institution thats given the mind-expanding exhibitions, but because of other p

20、eople. The MoMA is one of the worlds busiest museumsadd selfie sticks among the crowds and youve got a recipe for disaster.The same situation can be found at many famous tourist landmarks. Like seat belts, the selfie stick problem doesnt hit home until someone gets hurt. An increasing number of site

21、s have seen the potential hazard and put a stop to things before a “tragedy” occurs. The Australian Open has banned selfie sticks. Sports and music stadiums around London have banned the stick, as well.Yet the real issue behind the selfie stick is the selfie itself. Its somehow become socially accep

22、table for us to take the narcissism (自恋) of adolescence and extend it through adulthood, manifested in selfies. I admit that I do enjoy the occasional guilty pleasure of a selfie, so I cant and wont be a hypocrite about it.When it comes to traveling, though, when it comes to once-in-a-lifetime visit

23、s to sacred landmarks and world-class museums, Id hope that we could all turn the lens away from ourselves.Or simply put the camera away. Travel writer Paul Theroux once told his readers: “I never bring a camerabecause taking pictures, Ive found, makes me less observant and interferes with my memory

24、.” How much do we rely on photo graphs to remember our vacations? Does it really matter that we have a permanent documentation of every moment of our travels?What if we entirely let go of documenting and just simply experience? I tried it for a day. It is what I imagine skydiving would be like: terr

25、ifying at first, then exciting and finally, when I got my mind to stop subconsciously framing every street scene, I became more present than Ive ever been on a trip.1.What do we learn about MoMA?2.As mentioned in the passage, selfie sticks have been banned in the following events EXCEPT （ ）.3.Accord

26、ing to Paragraph 4, the author considers selfies as（ ）.4.Travel writer Paul Theroux is quoted to（ ）.5.In “I became more present than Ive ever been on a trip” (last paragraph), the author feeling can be summarized as（ ）.问题1选项A.MoMA is one of the most visited museums in the world.B.Not everyone apprec

27、iates the exhibitions in MoMA .C.MoMA has to be heavily guarded to protect the artwork.D.Taking pictures in MoMA can be a pleasant experience.问题2选项A.museum visitsB.music performanceC.sports competitionD.tourist sightseeing问题3选项A.a waste of timeB.a real life saverC.sometimes enjoyableD.mostly boring问

28、题4选项A.instruct travelers on how to take quality picturesB.remind people of the beauty of natural landmarksC.persuade travelers against taking too many picturesD.encourage people to travel around the world问题5选项A.shockingB.appreciatingC.excitingD.confusing【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.语义推测题。根据第二段

29、第四句the MoMA is one of the worlds busiest museums（现代艺术博物馆是世界上最繁忙的博物馆之一），可知A选项“现代艺术博物馆是世界上参观人数最多的博物馆之一”正确。B选项“不是每个人都喜欢现代艺术博物馆的展览”没有提到。C选项“现代艺术博物馆必须戒备森严以保护艺术品”：根据第二段第一句The Museum of Modern Art has banned the sticks from their exhibition halls to prevent damage to the artwork.（现代艺术博物馆已经禁止在他们的展厅内使用棍子，以防止

30、损坏艺术品。），可知现代艺术博物馆采取了措施保护艺术品，但不至于戒备森严。D选项“在MoMA拍照是一种愉快的经历”：根据第二段最后一句add selfie sticks among the crowds and youve got a recipe for disaster（在人群中使用自拍杆，简直就是一场灾难），可知在现代艺术博物馆拍照并不愉快。因此A选项正确。2.语义推测题。根据第三段第一句The same situation can be found at many famous tourist landmarks（在许多著名的旅游景点也可以看到同样的情况。）和第三句An increas

31、ing number of sites have seen the potential hazard and put a stop to things before a “tragedy” occurs.（越来越多的地点已经发现了潜在的危险，并在“悲剧”发生之前阻止了事情的发生。），在第三句后面讲述禁止使用自拍杆的地方，可知许多人在旅游景点拍照，并且没有禁止，故D选项“旅游景点”正确。根据第三段第四句和第五句The Australian Open has banned selfie sticks. Sports and music stadiums around London have ban

32、ned the stick, as well.（澳大利亚网球公开赛禁止使用自拍杆。伦敦周围的体育和音乐厅也禁止使用自拍杆。），可知体育竞赛、音乐厅禁止使用自拍杆，因此B选项“音乐厅”和C选项“体育竞赛”错误。根据前文，A选项“博物馆”错误。因此D选项正确。3.语义推测题。根据第四段最后一句I admit that I do enjoy the occasional guilty pleasure of a selfie（我承认我确实很享受自拍的那种偶尔带着罪恶感的快感），可知C选项“有时享受”正确。A选项“浪费时间”，B选项“拯救生活”和D选项“大多数时候无聊”没有提到。因此C选项正确。4.语

33、义推测题。根据第六段第一句Or simply put the camera away.（或者干脆把相机收起来。），可知这一段在讲述不要拍太多照片，最好不拍，引用作家的话用来举例证明，故C选项“说服旅行者不要拍太多的照片”正确，A选项“指导游客如何拍摄高质量的照片”错误。B选项“提醒人们自然景色的美”和D选项“鼓励人们环游世界”没有提到。因此C选项正确。5.语义推测题。根据第七段最后一句It is what I imagine skydiving would be like: terrifying at first, then exciting and finally, when I got m

34、y mind to stop subconsciously framing every street scene, I became more present than Ive ever been on a trip.（这就是我想象中的跳伞的样子：一开始很恐怖，然后很兴奋，最后，当我的大脑不再下意识地勾勒出每一个街景时，我变得比我以往任何一次旅行中都更真实。），可知作者的感受富于变化，从恐怖到兴奋，最后欣赏这种方式，因此B选项“欣赏”正确。A选项“震惊”和D选项“困惑”的感受没有。C选项“兴奋”是其中一部分。因此B选项正确。5. 单选题A person must satisfy his phy

35、siological needs, such as food, clothing and shelter, before（ ）any other objective.问题1选项A.recoveringB.searchingC.chasingD.pursuing【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项recovering“恢复，再生”；B选项searching“查找，思索”；C选项chasing“追赶；追求（事业、金钱、异性）”；D选项pursuing“追赶；追问；努力实现（目标）”。句意：一个人必须先满足生理需要，如衣食住行，才能（ ）任何其他的目标。根据语境，pursuing“努力实现（目标）

36、”搭配objective“目标”比较合理。因此D选项正确。6. 单选题Despite the（ ）conditions, the road was finished in just eight months.问题1选项A.attachedB.adverseC.adequateD.annual【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项attached “附加的；依恋的”；B选项adverse “不利的；敌对的”；C选项adequate “充足的；适当的；胜任的”；D选项annual “年度的；每年的”。句意：尽管存在种种（ ）情况，公路还是仅用8个月就完工了。因此B选项正确。7. 单选题Libra

37、ries are an investment for the future and should not be allowed to fall into（ ）.问题1选项A.dissolutionB.decayC.declineD.depression【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项dissolution “分解，溶解”；B选项decay “衰退，衰减；衰败；腐烂，腐朽”；C选项decline “下降；衰退；斜面”；D选项depression“沮丧；忧愁；抑郁症；洼地；不景气；低气压区”。题干大意说，图书馆是将来的一种投资，不允许（图书馆）掉入（ ）。常识储备：当今社会我们并没有注意图书

38、馆的价值，现在的图书馆是冷冷清清，一副衰退、衰亡的景象。其实体现一个国家、民族的真正素质就是看图书馆是否冷冷清清。因此B选项正确。8. 单选题I was（ ）by their kindness and moved to tears.问题1选项A.preoccupiedB.embarrassedC.overwhelmedD.counseled【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项preoccupied“使全神贯注，抢先占有”；B选项embarrassed“使困窘”；C选项overwhelmed“（情感）难以承受”；D选项counseled“被劝告”。句意：我被他们的善良（ ），感动得流下眼泪。

39、overwhelmed“（情感）难以承受”和带有情绪色彩的move to tear搭配使句子通顺。因此C选项正确。9. 单选题The company can constantly monitor the level of heat and energy and adjust（ ）.问题1选项A.accordinglyB.basicallyC.conventionallyD.subjectively【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项accordingly“相应地”；B选项basically “基本地”；C选项conventionally“传统地”；D选项subjectively“主观地”。题

40、干意思：公司可以不间断地监控热量和能源的指数，并且（ ）进行调整。因此A选项正确。10. 单选题With a wide variety of fresh fruit（ ）available, canned fruit is no longer so popular as before.问题1选项A.personallyB.readilyC.rarelyD.properly【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项personally“亲自地；当面；个别”；B选项readily“容易地；乐意地”；C选项rarely“很少地”；D选项properly“恰当地”。句意：随着各种各样的新鲜水果可（ ）获得

41、，罐头水果不再像以前那样受欢迎。根据语境，因为新鲜水果容易购买，于是水果罐头不那么受欢迎了，readily“容易地”符合题意。因此B选项正确。11. 单选题Dog owners must（ ）the dogs waste in containers provided throughout the park.问题1选项A.pick upB.set asideC.dispose ofD.take off【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项pick up “捡起；获得；收拾”；B选项set aside “留出；驳回，撤销；不顾”；C选项dispose of “处理；转让；解决；吃光；除掉；卖掉

42、”；D选项take off “起飞；脱下；离开；突然成功”。句意：养狗人必须用公园内提供的容器处理狗的排泄物。A选项pick up 应该更侧重于捡起狗狗拉在地上的排泄物，而题干中说到了在容器内，在容器内处理狗狗的排泄物更适合，因此C选项正确。12. 单选题Cardinal MEZZOFANTI of Bologna was a secular saint who was said to speak 72 languages. Or 50. No one was certain of the true figure, but it was a lot. Visitors flocked from

43、 all comers of Europe to test him and came away stunned. Two condemned prisoners were due to be executed, but no one knew their language to hear their confession. Mezzofanti learned it in a night, heard their sins the next morning and saved them from hell.Or so the legend goes. In “Babel No More”, M

44、ichael Erard has written the first serious book about the people who master vast numbers of languagesor claim to. A journalist with some linguistics training, Mr. Erard is not a hyperpolyglot himself (he speaks some Spanish and Chinese), but he approaches his topic with both wonder and a healthy das

45、h of scepticism.To find out whether anyone could really learn so many languages, Mr. Erard set out to find Modern Mezzofantis. The people he meets are certainly interesting. One man with a mental age of nine has a vast memory for foreign words and the use of grammatical endings, but he cannot seem t

46、o break free of English word order. Ken Hals, who was a linguist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and died in 2001, was said to have learned 50 languages. Professional linguists sill swear by his talent. But he insisted he spoke only three (English, Spanish and Warlpirifrom Australias No

47、rthern Territory) and could merely “talk” in others. Mr. Erard says that true hyperpolyglottery begins at about 11 languages, and that while legends abound, tried and tested exemplars are few.At the end of his story, however, Erard finds a surprise in Mezzofantis archive: flashcards. Stacks of them,

48、 in Georgian, Hungarian, Arabic, Algonquin and nine other tongues. The worlds most celebrated hyperpolyglot relied on the same tools given to first-year language learners today. The conclusion? Hyperpolyglots may begin with talent but they arent geniuses. They simply enjoy tasks that are drudgery to

49、 normal people. The talent and enjoyment drive a virtuous cycle that pushes them to feats others simply shake their heads at.1.The word “hyperpolyglot” (para. 2) refers to the one who（ ）.2.By “a healthy dash of skepticism”, the author demonstrates Mr. Erards（ ）.3.Mr. Erards efforts to find the Moder

50、n Mezzofantis（ ）.4.What is the emphasis in the last paragraph?5.The passage is most likely a part of（ ）.问题1选项A.enjoys learning languagesB.receives strict language trainingC.speaks many languagesD.excels in language tests问题2选项A.biased opinionB.objective attitudeC.strong motivationD.extreme curiosity问

51、题3选项A.are not very fruitfulB.will not end in vainC.seem to pay offD.are highly appreciated问题4选项A.There is no shortcut in language learning.B.We all have the potential to be a good language learner.C.Some people are more gifted to learn languages.D.Good language learners have special learning techniq

52、ues.问题5选项A.a research paperB.a science fictionC.a news reportD.a book review【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.语义推测题。根据第二段第三句A journalist with some linguistics training, Mr. Erard is not a hyperpolyglot himself (he speaks some Spanish and Chinese)，（埃拉尔是一名记者，接受过一些语言学训练，但他自己并不是（ ），他会说一点西班牙语和汉语），会说一点西班

53、牙语和汉语用来补充解释前面的 hyperpolyglot，和C选项“会说多种语言”对应，hyperpolyglot是“语言狂人”，故C选项正确。A选项“喜欢学语言”文章没有提到。B选项“接受严格的语言训练”：Erard学过一些，说不上严格。D选项“擅长语言测试”，文章没有讲语言测试。因此C选项正确。2.语义推测题。根据第三段最后一句Mr. Erard says that true hyperpolyglottery begins at about 11 languages, and that while legends abound, tried and tested exemplars ar

54、e few.（埃拉尔说，真正的语言狂人大约从会11种语言开始，虽然传说比比皆是，但经过验证的例子却很少。），可知实际上语言狂人没有大家所知的那么多，所以Erard的怀疑是客观的，故B选项“客观的态度”正确，A选项“有偏见的观点”错误。C选项“强烈的动机”和D选项“极度的好奇心”和事例无关。因此B选项正确。3.语义推测题。根据第三段第一句To find out whether anyone could really learn so many languages, Mr. Erard set out to find Modern Mezzofantis. （为了弄清楚是否真的有人能学会这么多语言

55、，埃拉尔开始寻找现代的Mezzofantis。），和第三段最后一句tried and tested exemplars are few（通过验证的例子很少），表明Erard的调查目的起码有些成效，故C选项“似乎有回报”正确。A选项“都不是很有成效”：在这过程中Erard遇到很多有趣的人，做了一些测试，得到一些结果。B选项“不会徒然结束”：没有提到后续相关事情。D选项“高度赞赏”：文中没有对调查结果的评价。因此C选项正确。4.语义推测题。根据第四段最后两句They simply enjoy tasks that are drudgery to normal people. The talent

56、and enjoyment drive a virtuous cycle that pushes them to feats others simply shake their heads at.（他们只是喜欢那些对普通人来说是苦差事的工作。天赋和乐趣驱动着一个良性循环，推动他们去完成别人根本不屑的壮举。），天赋和乐趣推动掌握多种语言的人持续不断的学习，也就是对普通人来说是苦差事又不屑的壮举，故A选项“语言学习没有捷径”正确。B选项“我们都有潜力成为一个好的语言学习者”和C选项“有些人在学习语言方面更有天赋”：有的人一开始或许是有天赋，但有天赋还不够，而持续学习不是普通人会做的。D选项“好的语

57、言学习者有特殊的学习技巧”：根据最后一段第三句The worlds most celebrated hyperpolyglot relied on the same tools given to first-year language learners today.（世界上最著名的语言狂人使用的工具和今天给一年级语言学习者是一样的。），可知D选项“好的语言学习者有特殊的学习技巧”错误。因此A选项正确。5.主旨大意题。根据文章通过多个例子证明自己的观点，可知本文是议论体裁，故A选项“研究论文”正确。B选项“科幻小说”：没有幻想和科技的成分。C选项“新闻报道”：讲述事例不够客观。D选项“书评”：没

58、有详细评价和介绍书。因此A选项正确。13. 单选题The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid. The newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye, in the process sometimes coming up with critical

59、 analyses of the forces that shape everyones experience in the organization.Consider the novel views of Harvey Coleman of Atlanta on the subject of getting ahead. Coleman is black. He spent 11 years with IBM, half of them working in management development, and now serves as a consultant to the likes

60、 of AT&T, Coca Cola, Prudential, and Merch. Coleman says that based on what hes seen at big companies, he weighs the different elements that make for long-term career success as follows: performance counts a mere 10%, image, 30%; and exposure, a full 60%. Coleman concludes that excellent job perform

61、ance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases, it wont secure you the big promotion. He finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high up they are.Ridiculous beliefs? Not to many people, especially many women

62、 and members of minority races who, like Coleman, feel that the scales (障眼物) have dropped from their eyes. “Women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs,” says Kaleel Jamison, a New York based management consultant who helps corporations deal with these issues. “They think that if you

63、work hard, youll get aheadthat someone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion.” She adds, “Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think theyve gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down (使不突出) their visibility.” Her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight.1.According to the passage, “things formerly judged to be be