2022-2023年考博英语-黑龙江大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第27期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-黑龙江大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 写作题Directions: For this part, you are allowed to write a composition on the topic of “On the Aging Population”. You should write at least 160-180 words.【答案】略2. 单选题The Wallenstein study indicates that even after a decade young men and women still experience some of

2、the effects of a divorce（ ）.问题1选项A.that occurred when a childB.that occurred when they were childrenC.that has occurred as each was a childD.occurring when children【答案】B【解析】考查语法。分析句子成分可知空格处所填成分为定语，when引导时间状语从句。句意：瓦伦斯坦的研究表明，即使过了十年，年轻男女仍然会受到父母离婚的影响，这些离婚是在他们还是孩子时发生的。B项符合题意。3. 单选题By 1914, ten of the Wes

3、tern states had granted women the right to vote, but（ ）.问题1选项A.only one in the EastB.only one eastern stateC.in the East only one state didD.only one in the East had【答案】A【解析】考查语法。前后句子的谓语相同，故后半句的谓语部分可省略。句意：到1914年，西部的十个州已经赋予妇女投票权，但是东部只有一个州的妇女有投票权。故A项正确。4. 翻译题As one of the oldest civilizations of the w

4、orld, China has a long history and brilliant culture. After entering the era of civilization in the Xia Dynasty, China created glorious science and culture. The compass, gunpowder, paper-making and printing are considered to be the four great inventions of ancient China, which have contributed immen

5、sely to the civilization of the world and the progress of mankind. The Silk Road of China, the oldest trade route in the world, largely promoted the cultural exchange between the East and the West.【答案】中国是世界上最古老的文明之一，有着悠久的历史和灿烂的文化。中国在夏朝时开始进入文明时代之后，创造了辉煌的科技和文化。指南针、火药、造纸术、印刷术是中国古代的四大发明，对世界文明和人类的进步做出了极大

6、的贡献。中国的丝绸之路世界上最古老的贸易通道极大地促进了东西方文化的交流。5. 单选题Mary once _ with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.问题1选项A.mergedB.collaboratedC.coincidedD.constituted【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. merged （由指商业结构）合并；（使）融合，逐渐消失 B. collaborated 合作C. coincided 一致，符合；同时发生 D. constituted 组成【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】空格后有with表示和一起，表伴随。

7、根据逻辑关系，应该是二人合作一起创作音乐。B选项符合句意，正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】玛丽有一次与另一位音乐家合作谱写了一首流行乐曲。6. 单选题Before the interview, each candidate had to have a（ ）medical examination.问题1选项A.porousB.vigorousC.thesaurusD.rigorous【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。porous“能渗透的，有气孔的”；vigorous“精力充沛的”；thesaurus“宝库，辞典”；rigorous“严格的，严厉的”。

8、句意：在面试之前，每个候选人都必须进行严格的体检。D项符合题意。7. 单选题It is through learning that the individual_ many habitual ways of reacting to situations.问题1选项A.retainsB.gainsC.achievesD.acquires【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. retains保持 B. gains获得C. achieves达到；实现 D. acquires获得；取得【考察点】近义词辨析。【解题思路】B、C、D三个选项都有“获得，实现”的意思。of reacting to situati

9、ons做habitual ways的后置定语。句意为获得对各种情况作出反应的许多习惯方式。acquire指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等。这里与habitual ways相符合。因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项retain在这里不符合句子逻辑；B选项gain指获得，赢得，经过努力或奋斗获得某种利益；C选项achieve得到，获得，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。以上选项均不能和habitual ways搭配。【句意】正是通过学习，个人获得了对各种情况作出反应的许多习惯方式。8. 单选题Obviously, there is a(n) _ that management only wants

10、 to cut costs.问题1选项A.concentrationB.ambiguityC.perceptionD.facility【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. concentration 专心；集合 B. ambiguity 含糊；不明确C. perception 认识能力；知觉；看法 D. facility 设施；设备【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据句子结构可知空格后that management only wants to cut costs（管理层只想削减成本）为同位语从句，解释说明空格的内容，“管理层只想削减成本”这是一种看法。C. perception“看法”符合语境。

11、【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均不符合语境。【句意】有一种看法认为，管理层只想削减成本。9. 单选题With all its advantages, the computer is by no means without its（ ）.问题1选项A.boundariesB.restraintsC.confinementsD.limitations【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。boundary“边界，界限”；restraint“抑制，克制”；confinement“限制，监禁”；limitation“限制，局限性”。句意：这台计算机有很多优点，但并不是没有局限性。由by no means“并非，

12、决不”可知后半句与前半句为转折关系。故D项正确。10. 单选题It is considered not（ ）to litter in public places.问题1选项A.respectfulB.respectedC.respectableD.respective【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。respectful“对恭敬的，尊敬的”；respected“受尊敬的，德高望重的”；respectable“可敬的，值得尊敬的，体面的”；respective“各自的，分别的”。句意：在公共场所乱丢东西被认为是不被人尊敬的。C项符合题意。11. 翻译题The climate of Austral

13、ia varies greatly from region to region, with a tropical climate in the north, an arid or semiarid climate in much of the interior, and a temperate climate in the south. Despite these variations, the moderating influence of the surrounding oceans and the absence of extensive high mountain ranges hel

14、p prevent marked extremes of weather. However, some areas occasionally experience extreme weather conditions, such as tropical cyclones, tornadoes, and severe drought. Because Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere, its seasons are the reverse of those in the Northern Hemisphere. Seasonal variation

15、s, on the whole, are small. Generally, coastal and highland areas, especially in the southeast, are cooler than interior locations, and the north, particularly the northwestern coast, is the hottest region. The temperate regions of southern Australia have four seasons, with cool winters and warm sum

16、mers. 【答案】澳大利亚的气候因地区而异，北部为热带气候，内陆大部分地区为干旱或半干旱气候，南部为温和气候。尽管有这些变化，但周围海洋的缓和影响和没有广泛的高山山脉有助于防止明显的极端天气。然而，一些地区偶尔会经历极端天气条件，如热带气旋、龙卷风和严重干旱。因为澳大利亚在南半球，它的季节与北半球相反。总的来说，季节变化很小。一般来说，沿海和高原地区，尤其是东南部，比内陆地区凉爽，而北部，尤其是西北海岸，是最热的地区。澳大利亚南部的温带地区四季分明，冬冷夏暖。12. 单选题Did you notice her pale face? I think she was not quite（ ）at

17、 the party yesterday.问题1选项A.herB.sheC.herselfD.itself【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。be not oneself“表示身体不舒服”。句意：你注意到她苍白的脸没？我觉得在昨天的聚会上，她不太舒服。C项符合题意。13. 单选题China will_ smoking in most public places later this year.问题1选项A.banB.fightC.againstD.object【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. ban禁止；取缔 B. fight与斗争C. against反对，违反（介词） D. object 提出

18、作为反对的理由；反对；拒绝【考查点】近义词辨析。【解题思路】A、B、C、D四个选项都有“反对”的意思。由空格处可知，空格前是助动词will，因此空格处填一个动词。空格后接动词的ing形式。只有A选项ban“禁止”满足这两个条件。因此选项A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项fight加介词加doing sth；C选项against是介词；D选项object的用法是object sth或object to doing sth。以上选项均不搭配。【句意】今年晚些时候，中国将在大部分公共场所禁烟。14. 翻译题随着人民生活水平和消费水平的提高，中国的垃圾问题日益严峻，很多城市被垃圾包围。面对日益增长的垃圾

19、产量和环境状况的恶化，中国政府正在努力推行垃极分类(garbage classification)的政策。垃圾分类是指将垃圾分为可回收利用和不可回收利用两类，要求人们将垃圾投放至不同的垃圾桶(trash can)，通过不同的清理、运输和回收方式，使之变成新的资源。【答案】With the improvement of peoples living standards and the increase of consumption level, the garbage problem in China becomes increasingly urgent. Many cities are su

20、rrounded by garbage. Confronted with the growing garbage output and deteriorating environment, the Chinese government is implementing the policy of garbage classification with great effort. Garbage classification means dividing garbage into recyclable and unrecyclable, and requires people to put gar

21、bage into different trash cans so that it can become new resources through different ways of cleaning, transporting and recycling.15. 单选题（ ）on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite.问题1选项A.If walkingB.WalkingC.While walkingD.When one is walking【答案】D【解析】考查语法

22、。此句中的主句的主语为mountains，所以逻辑主语和主句主语应不同。故排除A、B、C三项。D项正确。句意：当一个人在晴朗的天气散步时，远离城市喧嚣，山脉会给他一种无限感。16. 单选题The news about the nuclear power station that was damaged by the earthquake was_.问题1选项A.negativeB.encouragingC.seriousD.positive【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. negative 消极的 B. encouraging令人鼓舞的C. serious严肃的；严重的 D. positiv

23、e积极的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据句意可知，核电站被损是一件很严肃的事情。因为会导致核泄漏等不良影响。C选项serious“严肃的，严重的”满足句意。【干扰项排除】B、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。核电站被损这件事情并不是好的事情；A选项negative通常指消极的负面的，形容态度或者某件事的影响。【句意】关于核电站被地震破坏的消息是很严重的。17. 单选题The two surfaces（ ）to each other and we couldnt get them apart.问题1选项A.stuckB.clungC.coheredD.adhered【答案】D【解析】

24、考查动词辨析。stick“粘住，贴有粘着剂而变得固定”，stick to 坚持；cling“紧抓”；cohere“凝结，粘着”；adhere to“粘附，指被吸力或胶水粘住”。句意：这两个面粘在一起了，我们不能把它们分离。故D项符合题意。18. 单选题Job hunting is never easy, but what if data could be used to make the process a little less stressful? Companies such as Linkedin and M hold vast amounts of information on pe

25、oples professional lives, but there is one organization that surpasses them all: the federal government. Although rich and comprehensive, government labor data can often be hard to access, bound by net tape and cloaked in jargon.“With todays technologies, we can do a lot more to build open data sets

26、 for skills,” said Aneesh Chopra, the While Houses first chief technology officer and founder of Arlington-based start-up Hunch Analytics. During his tenure, Chopras role involved making government data more accessible. Its a mission he has continued after his departure, assembling a band of public

27、officials, tech entrepreneurs and think-tank analysts whose focus is firmly on the labor market.A robust economic recovery tempered by flat wages has reinforced the need to connect Americans with higher-paying technology jobs, according to the White House. That was the rationale behind the President

28、s new initiative, announced last week, to train and hire Americans for more than 500,000 unfilled information technology jobs through partnerships with local communities.“Theres not a standard, real-time, modern way to identify all the skills our economy needs in play today. Work force and talent pl

29、anners have a daunting job in ensuring they have a ready-now workforce, so the more data they can get, the better informed they are.” said Leighanne Levensaler, senior vice president of products at Workday, a human resources software company that was involved in the project.The closest thing to a st

30、andard national database is the Labor Departments Occupational Information network Website, known as O* Net. Built in the 1990s, the site compiles data on more than 900 occupations, with details about job skills, average compensation and a search tool to find jobs by state. But although the site is

31、continually updated, it has been slow to keep pace with the changing job market, according to Copra and Levensaler.A push to modernize O* Net is the groups next big undertaking. The Presidents 2016 budget proposal includes a $ 5 million request to study and test approaches modernize and potentially

32、streamline data collection for O* Net. The measure seeks to “provide up-to-date coverage of occupations and skills, particularly for high-growth, changing industries.” Chopra convened a roundtable of government officials, academics and private-sector executives last month to discuss measures to impr

33、ove O* Net. Workday and LinkedIn are among the companies interested in the effortwhich is still at a conceptual stage, Chopra said.To open-data advocates such as Chopra, theres no better time to harness the power of information for the economy. “No one company, no matter how amazing they are, has th

34、e capacity to get every employer in America to open up their skills data for every job posting,” he said, “The government has the capacity to convene stakeholders to open up the data.”1.In what respect is the company database inferior to that of federal government?2.The passage implies that Aneesh C

35、hopra（ ）.3.Which of the following statements would Leighanne be most likely to agree with?4.We can infer from the passage that O* Net（ ）.5.In the last paragraph, Chopra emphasizes（ ）.问题1选项A.AmplitudeB.AccessibilityC.IntegrityD.Authority问题2选项A.serves as the White Houses chief technology officerB.sets

36、 up a company on the basis of government dataC.sticks to the improvement of government data setsD.hires a group of experts on behalf of the government问题3选项A.The government should issue information about higher-paying vacancies.B.It is impossible to include all kinds of professional skills in databas

37、e.C.Workforce should be prepared at any time for jobs in great need.D.More information helps planners to connect work force with positions.问题4选项A.functions as a standard national databaseB.tries to compile the change of job dataC.gets financial support from the governmentD.attracts companies into th

38、e update project问题5选项A.the importance of information technologyB.the governments role as an organizerC.the necessity of opening up job databaseD.the limitation of all information companies【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段“Companies such as Linkedin and M hold vast amounts of information

39、on peoples professional lives, but there is one organization that surpasses them all: the federal government. Linkedin和M等公司拥有大量有关人们职业生活的信息，但有一个机构的信息比它们都多：联邦政府。”可知联邦政府比其他公司的数据库的信息要多。故A项正确。Amplitude丰富性，充足；Accessibility 获取性；Integrity 完整性 ；Authority权威性。2.推理判断题。由第二段“During his tenure, Chopras role involv

40、ed making government data more accessible. Its a mission he has continued after his departure, assembling a band of public officials, tech entrepreneurs and think-tank analysts whose focus is firmly on the labor market. 在乔普拉的任期内，他的职责是让政府数据更容易获取。离职后，他一直在继续这项使命，组建了一群专注于劳动力市场的政府官员、科技企业家和智库分析师。”可知C项“坚持改

41、进政府数据库”正确。3.推理判断题。由第四段“Work force and talent planners have a daunting job in ensuring they have a ready-now workforce, so the more data they can get, the better informed they are. 劳动力和人才规划人员要确保他们拥有现成的劳动力，这是一项艰巨的任务，因此他们能得到的数据越多，就越了解情况。”可知D项“更多的信息有助于规划人员将劳动力与职位联系起来”正确。A项“政府应该发布高薪职位的信息”；B项“数据库中不可能包含所有的

42、专业技能”；C项“劳动力应该在任何时候为有巨大需求的工作做好准备”文中都未提及。4.推理判断题。由第五段“Built in the 1990s, the site compiles data on more than 900 occupations, with details about job skills, average compensation and a search tool to find jobs by state. But although the site is continually updated, it has been slow to keep pace with

43、the changing job market, according to Copra and Levensaler. 该网站创建于上世纪90年代，收集了900多个职业的数据，包括工作技能、平均薪酬等细节，以及一个按州找工作的搜索工具。但据科帕拉和利文塞勒说，尽管该网站不断更新，但仍跟不上就业市场变化的步伐。” “The measure seeks to provide up-to-date coverage of occupations and skills, particularly for high-growth, changing industries. 该措施旨在提供最新的职业和技能

44、，特别是高增长、变化的行业。”可知该公司想实时更新职位信息。故B项正确。5.推理判断题。由最后一段“To open-data advocates such as Chopra, theres no better time to harness the power of information for the economy. No one company, no matter how amazing they are, has the capacity to get every employer in America to open up their skills data for every

45、 job posting, he said, The government has the capacity to convene stakeholders to open up the data.对于Chopra这样的公开数据倡导者来说，现在是驾驭信息力量促进经济发展的最佳时机。他说: 没有一家公司，不管他们有多了不起，有能力让美国的每一个雇主公开他们的技能数据。而政府有能力召集利益相关者公开这些数据。”可知Chopra强调政府在使雇主公开技能数据过程中的重要性。故B项正确。19. 单选题We can allow a 0.5% discount on all orders of $1000;

46、 orders _ $2000 are subject to a 2%discount.问题1选项A.exceedingB.reducingC.proceedingD.promoting【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. exceeding 超过（数量） B. reducing 减少C. proceeding 开始；继续做 D. promoting 促进；提升【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据句意：对所有1000美元的订单，我们可以给0.5%的折扣。分号后面的折扣更大，应该指如果是更多美元的订单，我们给出的折扣更多。应该选A. exceeding超过，表示更多。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】所有1000美元的订单，我们可以给0.5%的折扣。超过2000美元的订单须加2%的折扣。20. 单选题Very few experts have been able to（ ）with completely new answers to the worlds economic problem.问题1选项A.come upB.come toC.come onD.come round【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。come up with“提出，想出”。句意：很少有专家能够提出应对世界经济问题的全新方案。A项符合题意。