2022年考博英语-中国传媒大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解41

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1、2022年考博英语-中国传媒大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题The tone of the articles（）the writers mood at the time.问题1选项A.reproducedB.reflectedC.imaginedD.imitated【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。reproduce “繁殖，复制”;reflect “反映，表现”，reflect ones mood “反映某人的心情”，符合句意；imagine “想象，设想”；imitate “模仿，仿效”。选项B符合题意。句意：文章的语气反映了作者当时的心情。2. 单选题The（）

2、to the Collins fortune will be a millionaire when Mr. Collins dies.问题1选项A.winnerB.heirC.descendantD.peer【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。winner “胜利者”；heir “继承人”；descendant “后裔，子孙”;peer “贵族，同龄人”。根据when Mr. Collins dies可知空格处是“继承人”，选项B符合题意。句意：柯林斯先生去世后，他的继承人将成为百万富翁。3. 单选题I just learnt from Intercultural Education cour

3、se that an Englishman seldom （） a conversation among strangers.问题1选项A.breaks downB.gives rise toC.initiatesD.resumes【答案】C【解析】考查动词和词组。A选项break down表示“分解，发生故障”，B选项give rise to表示“使发生，引起”，C选项initiates表示“启动，开始”，D选项resume表示“重新开始，重新回到，重新占用”。由句意可知，我刚从“跨文化教育”课程中了解到，英国人很少与陌生人对话。空缺处单词需与conversation 构成动宾短语，表示“发

4、起会话”，因此只有initiate最符合语境，故本题正确答案为C选项。4. 单选题As you all know, the United States is a country on wheels. Nearly eight million new cars are made each year; four households out of five own at least one ear, and more than a quarter have two each. Yet youll be surprised to learn that some of the car-owners e

5、ven suffer from malnutrition.In 1968, a nation-wide survey of malnutrition was made for the first time. It found that 10 million people are suffering in health through inadequate feeding; the causes of their plight were varied. Unemployment over a long period should be considered as the main factor.

6、 And unemployment, strange to say, nine times out of ten results from automation, both in industrial and agricultural areas. For example, in the rural South when a cotton plantation suddenly cuts its force from 100 people to three, the problem to help the displaced arises. So is the case with indust

7、rial automation. In fact, probably 2 million jobs are made unnecessary each year in the whole country as a result of the automation process, thus making unemployment a chief social concern. According to government statistics, the number of people unemployed was over 5 percent for the period from 195

8、8 to 1963. In July 1981, it rose to 7.8 percent. As a matter of fact, it has long been known that even during the most prosperous periods there have been people without enough to eat. So I think thats why President Kennedy said in his inauguration speech in 1961，if the government did not help the po

9、or, it could not save the rich.In 1966, the Social Security Administration calculated that a family of four needed an income of $3,355 a year to be above the line of poverty. And in 1977, the average poverty line of the country was slightly more than $6,200 annual income for a non-farm family of fou

10、r. According to the Social Security Act, families of that size below poverty line are eligible to receive benefits from the special welfare program. The average weekly payment of benefits now is equivalent to 36 percent of the workers normal wage. And the number of people who receive government bene

11、fits is increasing. In 1973，social insurance payments by governments, mainly to old age pensioners and people who had lost their jobs or were off work through illness, amounted to $86,000 million. Those not fully qualified for insurance payments received $29,000 million in public aid.But problems st

12、ill exist. Many people are not reached by the anti-poverty program, because local authorities and agencies do not want to play their part or do not gave the resources to do so. Some poor people will not accept help for various reasons. Of course, there are some more important factors which lie in th

13、e structure of the society, but I dont consider it necessary to dig into them here. Yet we will perhaps agree that social welfare programs have solved to some extent the problems of feeding, clothing and housing those below the poverty line. On the whole, it perhaps might be said that American peopl

14、e are living a better life than people in most other countries.1. The United States is called a country on wheels because（）.2. According to a 1968 survey, ten million Americans found themselves in a difficult health situation chiefly due to （）.3. The author use “the displaced” (Para.2, Line 6) to re

15、fer to those who are（）.4. The word “eligible” (Para.3, Line 4) is synonymous with（）.5. Americans are living a better life than those in most of other countries because, to some degree,（）.问题1选项A.about one-fourth Americans own two carsB.a bit over one out of four households are the owners of two carsC

16、.nearly 8 million new cars drive in the country every yearD.80%Americans have at least one car问题2选项A.inadequate feedingB.malnutritionC.unemploymentD.automation问题3选项A.unemployedB.disabledC.sickD.poor问题4选项A.necessaryB.urgentC.neededD.worthy问题5选项A.many Americans receive benefits from the special welfar

17、e programB.some poor people can receive help for some reason or otherC.there is the anti-poverty program in the U.S.D.social welfare programs have some measure settled the problems of those below the poverty line.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段说到了原因“Nearly eight million new cars are m

18、ade each year”，不仅汽车产量大，平均家庭持有量也很大，这就是原因。B选项“超过四分之一的家庭拥有两辆车”由“more than a quarter have two each”得出。2.细节事实题。本题要求找出“一千万美国人发现自己的健康状况很糟糕”的主要原因。文章第二段第三句说到“Unemployment over a long period should be considered as the main factor”，长期失业应被视为主要因素，C选项正确。3.词义推测题。第二段是在说造成一千万美国人健康状况糟糕的原因，且说到失业是主要因素，关键词所处句子只是个例子，为了说

19、明上一句中“十分之九的失业是由工业和农业领域的自动化造成的”，说明the displaced就是指由自动化导致失业的人。A选项正确。4.词义推测题。该词出现在第三段第三句中“According to the Social Security Act, families of that size below poverty line are eligible to receive benefits from the special welfare program”，本句表示“根据社会保障法，贫困线以下的家庭从特别福利计划中获得福利”，既然是社会保障法中的条款，则保障的对象应为贫困线以下的家庭，及这

20、些家庭是“有资格的”，D选项worthy“配得上的；值得的”更合适。5.推理判断题。本题问的是美国人比大多数其他国家人生活更好的原因，这一结论出现在文章最后一段最后一句，其前面一句给出了原因“social welfare programs have solved to some extent the problems of feeding, clothing and housing those below the poverty line”，社会福利项目在一定程度上解决了贫困人口的衣食住行问题，D选项“社会福利项目在一定程度上解决了贫困人口的问题”符合文意。5. 单选题Her family t

21、akes（） over her work.问题1选项A.percentageB.priorityC.perspectD.preparation【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项percentage“百分比；百分率”；B选项priority“优先；优先权”；C选项perspect“专辑名称”；D选项preparation“预备；准备。句意：对她来说，家庭比工作重要。因此B项符合句意，take priority over sth.优先考虑，优先于某事。6. 单选题A censors duty is to ensure that no content is （） in publication o

22、r films.问题1选项A.evilB.obscureC.obsceneD.opaque【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项evil “恶毒的;邪恶的”；B选项obscure “无名的;鲜为人知的”；C选项obscene “淫秽的;猥亵的”；D选项opaque “不透明的;不透光的”。句意：审查员的职责是确保出版物或电影中没有淫秽内容。根据关键词“审查员的职责”可知C符合句意。7. 单选题We developed a high degree of trust and a considerable personal（）.问题1选项A.supportB.rapportC.exportD.ap

23、port【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项support“支持；帮助”；B选项rapport“ 密切关系，交往”；C选项export“输出，出口”；D选项apport“物体显形；幻想”。句意：我们发展了高度的互相信任和不错的私人密切关系。因此B符合题意。8. 单选题I（）that he was a little crippled in the leg so I slowed down my pace.问题1选项A.perceivedB.deceivedC.conceivedD.received【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项perceive“察觉；理解；认知”；B选项deceive“

24、欺骗；行骗”；C选项conceive“怀孕；构思；持有”；D选项receive“收到；接待；接纳”。句意：他的腿有点瘸，所以我放慢了脚步。“我”放慢脚步是因为“发现、察觉”他腿脚不便，因此A选项正确。9. 单选题The little girl could not（）her curiosity to see what was in the box.问题1选项A.abstainB.refrainC.restrainD.prevent【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项abstain“弃权；避免”；B选项refrain“节制；避免；制止”；C选项restrain“抑制；约束；制止”；D选项prev

25、ent“预防；阻止”。句意：小女孩不住她的好奇心，想看看盒子里有什么。与“好奇心”搭配时选用C选项“抑制”更合适。10. 单选题The research showed that the frequency of a mothers absence reflected a （）deficiency of the childs level in math and reading.问题1选项A.correspondingB.relatingC.correlatingD.responding【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项corresponding“相当的；一致的；对应的；通信的”；B选项re

26、lating是relate的现在分词形式，表示“涉及，关联”；C选项correlating是correlate的现在分词；D选项responding“响应的”。本句说明母亲的缺席频率与孩子数学和阅读方面缺陷的对应性，因此A选项符合句意。句意：研究表明，母亲缺席的频率反映了孩子在数学和阅读方面相应的缺陷。11. 单选题When he was only 10 meters away from the finishing line, the African runner suddenly（）passing by the other runners.问题1选项A.attemptedB.approach

27、edC.acceleratedD.accessed【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。attempt “企图，试图”；approach “走进；临近；处理”；accelerate “加速”；access “接近，使用”。句意：当他离终点只有10米远的时候，这位非洲跑步者加速超过了其他人。选项C符合题意。12. 单选题The man who admitted（）the money was severely punished.问题1选项A.stealingB.stoleC.to stealD.to have stolen【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。admit表示“承认做某事”时，一般用

28、admit to do sth.。句意：那个承认钱的人受到了严厉的惩罚。既然受到了惩罚，说明steal 这个动作已经发生，需要使用动词不定式的完成时态。因此D选项正确。13. 单选题Some city planners believe that each city is（）: in other words, because of cultural differences, one city cant simply copy others.问题1选项A.separatedB.cut offC.uniqueD.integrated【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。separated“分开的”；cu

29、t off“切断，中断”；unique“独特的，独一无二的”；integrated“综合的，完整的”。根据冒号后面的内容：由于文化差异，一个城市不能简单地复制其他城市。由此可知，一些城市规划者认为每个城市都是独一无二的。所以选项C正确。14. 单选题In 2008 there were fears that we might enter another economic（）as bad as the 1930s.问题1选项A.dropB.recessionC.decreaseD.slump【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。drop“水滴”；recession“衰退，不景气”；decrease“减

30、少，降低”；slump“（价格，数量等）骤降”。句意：2008年的时候，有人担心我们可能会进入与上世纪30年代一样严重的又一次的经济衰退。选项B更符合语境。15. 单选题How can we finish the work in the（） of any other helpers?问题1选项A.shortageB.hasteC.deficiencyD.absence【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项shortage“缺乏，不足”。B选项haste“匆忙，急忙”。C选项deficiency“缺陷， 缺点”。D选项absence“缺席，缺少，没有”。句意：如果没有其他帮手，我们怎么能完成这项

31、工作呢? 本句表示“缺乏帮手的话，难以完成这项工作” 。因此D选项符合题意。16. 单选题Because of a（） in the skirt, the girl was able to buy it at half price.问题1选项A.weaknessB.faultC.flawD.strip【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项weakness表示“（系统、性格等的）缺点，劣势；弱点；虚弱”，B选项fault表示“错误；故障；缺点”，C选项flaw表示“缺陷，瑕疵；性格上的缺点”，D选项strip表示“条；带”。由句意可知，这个女孩能半价买到裙子的原因是因为裙子有瑕疵，所以C选项

32、词义最符合原文句意，故本题正确答案为C选项。17. 单选题The patients progress was very encouraging as he could（） get out of bed without help.问题1选项A.nearlyB.hardlyC.merelyD.barely【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项nearly表示“差不多，几乎”，B选项hardly表示“几乎不，简直不，刚刚”，C选项merely表示“仅仅，只不过，只是”，D选项barely表示“仅仅，勉强，几乎不，贫乏的”。根据句意“这位病人的进步让人兴奋”可知，病人可以不需要别人帮忙就能下床走路

33、，空缺处单词应表示肯定。因此，只有A选项最符合原文语境，故本题正确答案为A选项。18. 单选题It is impossible for us to（）such a difficult task within the limited time.问题1选项A.fuelB.frownC.fulfillD.frost【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项fuel “供以燃料，推动”。B选项frown “皱眉，不同意”。C选项fulfill “履行， 完成”。D选项frost “结霜，冻坏”。句意：我们不可能在有限的时间内完成如此艰巨的任务。因此C选项符合题意。19. 单选题If you wanted

34、to question whether global warming is indeed upon us, last week was not the time to do it. Two weeks before the official beginning of summer, a heat wave baked the eastern third of the U.S. and Canada, driving temperatures high into the 90s and even 100s. At the same time, a flurry of scientific pap

35、ers was released that seemed to explain all the late-spring suffering. In one study, French researchers reported that heat-trapping greenhouse gases are at their highest levels in 420,000 years. In another, U.S. scientists found that 57 species of butterfly may be altering their migratory patterns i

36、n response to changing heat patterns.In light of all this, a sweltering public must have been convinced at last that its time to do something to cool off the overheated planet, right? Wrong. Even as the temperature was climbing, a new survey by the American Geophysical Union found that Americans are

37、 less concerned than ever about combating global warming. The more we talk about warming, says the studys director, John Immerwahr, the more the publics concern goes down.Such an environmental disconnect may not be much of a mystery. Environmentalists complain that over the past two years industry g

38、roups have launched a coordinated advertising campaign to torpedo the 1997 Kyoto treaty, which requires industrial nations to reduce greenhouse emissions. More than $13 million has been spent on ads to block ratification of the treaty by the U.S. Senate. The purpose of the ads was to convince most A

39、mericans that there isnt a problem or that its too expensive to fix, says National Environmental Trust spokesman Peter Kelly.Environmentalists also criticize the U.S. Presidents for what they believe is their failure to press the issue. For example, in the year of 1997, President Clinton moved for K

40、yoto treaty changes that environmental groups see as industry-pleasing loopholes. Says Daniel Weiss, the Sierra Clubs political director: Timid leaders communicate hopelessness. And hopelessness breeds indifference. If such popular so-whating persists, Immerwahr warns, the public may begin grasping

41、at phony solutions to global warming. At the end of last week, some people took comfort from the report of a vast haze of pollutants that collects over the Indian Ocean in the winter, but that researchers only recently studied. Filthy as the cloud is, it does deflect solar radiation, and that could

42、lead to cooling. But scientists warn that we cannot simply pollute our way out of global warming. The soot drops from the hazy atmosphere in weeks, whereas greenhouse gases remain for centuries.The way out of this gridlock, environmentalists say, is to show its possible to reduce greenhouse gases wi

43、thout sinking the economy. Solutions include cleaner cars and better wind- and solar-power technologies. Says Greg Wetstone, program director for the Natural Resources Defense Council: When these kinds of options become available, people will feel less hopeless. Of course, its also possible that onl

44、y when people feel less hopeless will they press their leaders to make the solutions available.1. According to the author, global warming is （）.2. Speaking of global warming, American public is （）.3. The publics reaction to global warming is mainly a result of （）.4. Which of the following is NOT men

45、tioned in the passage?5. It can be inferred from the passage that （）.问题1选项A.causing a lot of troubleB.not as serious as it seemsC.felt only in America and CanadaD.what accounts for the high level of greenhouse gases问题2选项A.concernedB.indifferentC.worriedD.frightened问题3选项A.their disbelief of the exist

46、ence of such problemB.the advertising campaign of industrial groupsC.the high cost of fixing the problemD.American Senates disapproval of Kyoto treaty问题4选项A.Environmentalists urge President Clinton administration to press the issue.B.Kyoto treaty aims at curbing the global warming problem.C.American

47、 government is partly responsible for the publics attitude toward global warmingD.Industrial groups do not care about global warming.问题5选项A.environmentalists support the idea of solving global warming through pollutionB.the poor leadership of American President has produced a very bad influenceC.Ame

48、rican economy will suffer if global warming is curbedD.people have no confidence in solving problem of global warming【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。题干询问：根据作者(的观点)，全球变暖是什么？根据原文第一段可知，在夏季正式开始的前两周，一股热浪席卷了美国东部三分之一的地区和加拿大，将气温推高至华氏90多度甚至100多度。在一项研究中，法国研究人员报告称，吸热的温室气体达到了42万年来的最高水平。在另一项研究中，美国科学家发现5

49、7种蝴蝶可能会改变它们的迁徙模式，以应对不断变化的热度。由此可见，全球变暖带来了很多问题和影响，它已经确确实实存在于我们身边。所以A选项“产生许多麻烦”表述正确。2.细节事实题。题干询问：谈及全球变暖，美国民众是什么样的态度？ A选项concerned表示“担忧的”；B选项indifferent表示“漠不关心的”；C选项worried表示“担心的”；D选项frightened表示“害怕的”。根据第二段最后两句可知，尽管气温不断攀升，但美国人比以前人恶化时候都更不关心对抗全球变暖的问题，越是谈论全球变暖的问题，公众的担忧就越少。由此可见，大众并不关心对抗全球变暖一事，所以他们对于这件事的态度应是

50、漠不关心的，即indifferent。故本题正确答案为B选项。3.推理判断题。题干询问：民众对全球变暖的反应主要是什么原因造成的？根据题干关键信息可定位到原文第三段，产业集团发起了广告宣传活动，以破坏京都议定书的签署。与此同时，这些广告让人们相信全球变暖的问题不存在或解决这个问题的需要的成本太高，因此大众才会对全球变暖问题漠视。由此可知，广告宣传是大众有如此反应的根本原因，故B选项“产业集团的广告宣传”是本题的正确答案。4.细节事实题。题干询问下列哪项在文中没有提及？根据第四段第一句“Environmentalists also criticize the U.S. Presidents fo

51、r what they believe is their failure to press the issue”可知，环保主义者也批评克林顿总统没有推动这个问题的解决，说明美国政府应当为公众对于全球变暖的态度负部分责任，故C选项正确。但文章未提到环保主义者要敦促总统去解决全球变暖问题。所以，A选项表述错误。工业团体发布广告宣传来破坏京都议定书的签署并且误导大众，说明他们并不关心全球变暖问题，也说明京都议定书确实能全球变暖进行遏制，所以B、D选项正确。因此本题正确答案为A选项。5.推理判断题。题干询问：从文中可以推断出什么信息？根据原文第四段可知，作者指出，环保人士批评克林顿总统的做法，并引用环

52、保者的表述“Timid leaders communicate hopelessness. And hopelessness breeds indifference.（胆小的领导人传达的是绝望，从而导致人们的冷漠。）”。因此，作者认为克林顿总统的美国总统的领导不力产生了很糟糕的影响，故B选项表述正确。A选项中通过污染来解决环保问题并不是环保人士的观点，所以表述错误。C选项指出全球变暖被遏制，美国的经济会受影响。原文只是表明工业团体通过广告宣传破坏京都议定书，说明这些工业团体利益会受损，但并不是指整个经济会受影响，故表述错误。D选项表述人们对解决全球变暖问题没有信心，原文信息指出的是大家对这一问

53、题漠不关心，所以D选项也错误。因此，本题正确答案为B选项。20. 单选题The industrial community should be close enough to the crowded centers but distant enough to reduce （） hazards.问题1选项A.feasibleB.activeC.substantialD.potential【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项feasible “可行的；可能的;”；B选项active “积极的；活跃的”；C选项substantial “大量的；实质的”；D选项potential “潜在的，可能的”。句意:工业区应该离拥挤的中心足够近，但要足够远，以减少潜在的危险。所选之词应修饰hazards(危险)，而且其意应为“潜在的或可能发生的”危险。故选D。