考研考博-考博英语-西南政法大学模拟考试题含答案2

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1、考研考博-考博英语-西南政法大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题His（ ）book will deal with industrial relations.问题1选项A.actualB.forthcomingC.promptD.eventual【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项 actual“实际的”；B选项forthcoming“即将来临的”；C选项prompt“敏捷的，迅速的”；D选项eventual“最终的”。句意：他即将出版的书将论述劳资关系。选项B符合句意。2. 单选题How many really suffer as a result of labor market proble

2、ms? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same consequences today as it did in the 1930s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and ea

3、rnings were usually much closer to the margin of substance, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and

4、improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority are from multiple earners, relat

5、ively affluent families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are the elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.Yet there are also many ways our

6、 social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the cap

7、acity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month

8、 really suffers. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled,

9、 and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether high levels of joblessn

10、ess can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debate that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems

11、.1.What does the “labor market problems” refer to?2.The author contrasts the 1930s with the present in order to show that（ ）.3.The authors purpose in citing those who are repeatedly unemployed during a year is most probably to show that（ ）.4.According to the passage, one factor that causes our socie

12、ty to overestimate the degree of economic hardship is the（ ）.问题1选项A.A The overall causes of povertyB.Deficiencies in the training of the work forceC.Trade relationships among producers of goodsD.Shortage of jobs providing adequate income问题2选项A.more people were employed in the 1930sB.social programs

13、are more needed now.C.unemployment now has less severe effectsD.now there is a greater proportion问题3选项A.there are several factors that cause the payment of low wages to some members of the labor forceB.unemployment statistics can underestimate the hardship the poor workers sufferC.recurrent unemploy

14、ment in the labor market can cause hardships for individual workersD.a majority of those who are jobless at any time does not suffer severe hardship问题4选项A.recurrence of periods of unemployment for a group of low-wage workers.B.fact that unemployment counts do not include those who work for low wages

15、C.establishment of a system of record keeping that makes it possible to compile poverty statisticsD.prevalence of secondary earners among low-wage workers and the unemployed【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.语义题。根据关键词“labor market problems”定位到第一段第一句“有多少人因为劳动力市场问题而遭受不幸呢?”下文随即指出“Unemployment does not have

16、the same consequences today. 如今失业不会带来同样的后果。”由此可知，这里的劳动市场问题指的是失业，选项D符合原文。2.判断推理题。根据下文“不断增加的财富、不止一个收入者的家庭增多、失业人群中中等收入者的优势日益显现，以及社会福利保障的改善，这些都毫无疑问地减轻了失业的后果。”由此可推断，作者是想表达现在的失业问题所带来的影响没有那么严重。选项C正确。3.作者意图题。根据题干可以定位到第二段的内容，本段的中心句为段落首句“Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the deg

17、ree of labor-market-related hardship. 然而，我们的社会统计数据在许多方面低估了与劳动力市场相关的困难程度。”接下来进行举例说明。由此可知，作者提到那些一年内多次失业的人，是为了表明统计数据低估了贫困工人所遭受的苦难，所以选项B正确。4.判断推理题。原文第一段指出社会统计数据在许多方面夸大了困难的程度，然后在第一段最后一句指出，计算在贫困统计之内的人大部分是年老者、残疾人或者由于家庭负担不能进入劳务市场者，因此这些贫困统计数据根本就不能精确地反映出劳动力市场所存在的问题。由此可推断，之所以会高估经济困难的程度，是因为建立了记录系统，使得编撰贫穷统计数据成为可

18、能，这些数据不一定是真实情况的反映，所以选项C正确。3. 翻译题Translate the following into ChineseIf the Commission finds, after notice and opportunity for hearing, that any person is violating, has violated, or is about to violate any provision of this title, or any rule or regulation thereunder, the Commission may publish its

19、findings and enter an order requiring such person, and any other person that is, was, or would be a cause of the violation, due to an act or omission the person knew or should have known would contribute to such violation, to cease and desist from committing or causing such violation and any future

20、violation of the same provision, rule, or regulation. Such order may, in addition to requiring a person to cease and desist from committing or causing a violation, require such person to comply, or to take steps to effect compliance with such provision, rule, or regulation, upon such terms and condi

21、tions and within such time as the commission may specify in such order. Any such order may, as the Commission deems appropriate, require future compliance or steps to effect future compliance, either permanently or for such period of time as the Commission may specify, with such provision, rule or r

22、egulation with respect to any security, any issuer, or any other person.【答案】在通知和一个听讯机会后，如果委员会发现任何人正在、已经或即将去违反这个法令的任何条款、或其下的任何规则或规章，那么该委员会可能发布其调查结果，且提出一个指令，其要求这个人和任何其它人（这个人因其知晓或本应知晓的会导致如此违反的一个行为或疏忽而现在、过去或将来是此类违反的一个原因）停止犯下或造成此类违反和任何对同样条款的将来违反。除需要一个人停止犯下或导致一个违反之外，如此的指令可能要求这类人，依据该委员会在如此的指令中可能规定的条款和条件以及时

23、间期限，去遵守或采取措施去实现遵守如此的条款，规则或规章。就任何担保人、发行者或任何其它人而言，任何如此的指令可能，如同该委员会认为恰当的那样，要求以后永久地或在该委员会可能规定的时间段内遵守或采取措施去实现遵守如此的条款、规则或规章。4. 单选题The Mayor of the town is a（ ） old man.问题1选项A.respectiveB.respectfulC.respectableD.respecting【答案】B【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项respective“分别的，各自的”；B选项 respectful“恭敬的，有礼貌的”；C选项respectable“值得尊敬的

24、”；D选项respecting“关于”。句意：这个镇的市长是个可敬的老人。选项B符合句意。5. 单选题It is a（ ）that in such a rich country there should be so many poor people.问题1选项A.debateB.disputeC.dilemmaD.paradox【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。A选项debate“辩论，讨论”；B选项dispute“辩论，争吵”；C选项dilemma“困境，进退两难”；D选项paradox“悖论，自相矛盾的人或事”。句意：在如此富裕的国家竟然有那么多穷人，这是一个多么矛盾的事情。选项D符合句意。6

25、. 单选题This article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each making one major point（ ）the other.问题1选项A.in honor ofB.in accordance withC.in contrast withD.in agreement with【答案】C【解析】词组辨析题。A选项in honor of“为庆祝”；B选项in accordance with“依照，与一致”；C选项in contrast with“与形成对比”；D选项in agreement wit

26、h“同意，与一致”。句意：这篇文章的开头和结尾是对两篇新闻报道的描述，每一篇都有一个主要观点与另一篇形成对比。选项C符合语境。7. 单选题You must be very careful. The work（ ）precision.问题1选项A.retailsB.repelsC.retainsD.entails【答案】D【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项retail“零售，详述”；B选项repel“击退，抵制”；C选项retain“保持，固定”；D选项entail“使需要，要求”。句意：你必须非常小心，这项工作对精确性要求极高。选项D符合句意。8. 单选题How fast is your perso

27、nal computer? When people ask this question, they are typically referring to the frequency of a minuscule clock inside the computer, a crystal oscillator that set the basic rhythm used throughout the machine. In a computer with a speed of one gigahertz （千兆赫），for example, the crystal licks” a billion

28、 times a second. Every action of the computer takes place in tiny steps, each a billionth of a second long. A simple transfer of data may take only one step; complex calculations may take many steps. All operations, however, must begin and end according to the clocks timing signals.Because most mode

29、m computers use a single rhythm, we call them synchronous. Inside the computers microprocessor chip, a clock distribution system delivers the timing signals from the crystal oscillator to the various circuits, just as sound in air delivers the beat of a drum to soldiers to set their marching pace. B

30、ecause all parts of the chip share the same rhythm, the output of any circuit from one step can serve as the input to any other circuit for the next step. The synchronization provided by the clock helps chip designers plan sequences of actions for the computer.The use of a central clock also creates

31、 problems. As speeds have increased, distributing the timing signals has become more and more difficult. Present-day transistors can process data so quickly that they can accomplish several steps in the time that it takes a wire to carry a signal from one side of the chip to the other. Keeping the r

32、hythm identical in all parts of a large chip requires careful to the other. Keeping the rhythm identical in all parts of a large chip requires careful design and a great deal of electrical power. Wouldnt it be nice to have an alternative?Our research group at Sun Microsystems Laboratories seeks such

33、 alternatives. Along with several other groups worldwide, we are investigating ways to design computing systems in which each part can proceed at its own pace instead of depending on the rhythm of a central clock. We call such systems asynchronous. Each part of an asynchronous system may extend or s

34、horten the timing of its steps when walking across rough terrain.1.What determines the rhythm of the personal computer?2.Why does the author mention sound in air in the second paragraph?3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a disadvantage of the use of a central clock?4.The word “alternative”

35、 means（ ）.5.We can infer from the article that（ ）.问题1选项A.An alarming clock.B.A crystal oscillator.C.Complex calculations.D.The clocks timing signals.问题2选项A.To illustrate the timing signals are delivered in a similar way sound travels in air.B.To show us that timing signals speed can be as fast as th

36、at of sound.C.Because the wave of timing signals is similar to the sound wave.D.Because sound is delivered by timing signals.问题3选项A.Distributing the timing signals is more difficult when speeds are higher.B.It has to take a wire to carry a signal from one side of the chip to the other.C.Careful desi

37、gn is necessary to keep the rhythm identical in all parts of a large chip.D.A great deal of electrical power is required to a whole chip synchronous.问题4选项A.methodB.substituteC.answerD.machine问题5选项A.the structure of an asynchronous system is different from that of a synchronous system.B.the central c

38、lock sets the rhythm of parts of an asynchronous systemC.each part of an asynchronous system can change the rhythm of the central clock.D.searching for better replacement for the synchronous system is an international problem.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“How fast is your persona

39、l computer? When people ask this question, they are typically referring to the frequency of a minuscule clock inside the computer, a crystal oscillator that set the basic rhythm used throughout the machine.你的电脑有多快？当人们问这个问题时，他们通常指的是计算机内部一个微小时钟的频率，它是一个晶体振荡器，设定了整个机器使用的基本节奏。”由此可知，选项B符合原文。2.判断推理题。根据原文句意“

40、在计算机的微处理器芯片中，一个时钟分配系统将晶体振荡器发出的定时信号传送到各个电路中，就像鼓声通过空气传播给士兵，以此来确定他们行进的步伐一样。”由此可推断，这里提到鼓声在空气中传播是为了说明定时信号的传递和声音在空气中传播的方式是类似的，所以选项A正确。3.判断推理题。根据第三段第二句“As speeds have increased, distributing the timing signals has become more and more difficult. 随着速度的提高，定时信号的分配变得越来越困难。”选项A符合原文；根据第三段倒数第二句“Keeping the rhythm

41、 identical in all parts of a large chip requires careful design and a great deal of electrical power. 要使一个大芯片的所有部件都保持相同的节奏，需要精心的设计和大量的电力。”选项C和D符合原文。选项B是由于速度过快导致的结果而不是缺点，所以不正确，本题选B。4.词义题。结合原文内容可知，“alternative” 意为“替代品”，选项B与之意思相近。5.判断推理题。根据最后一段第一句“Our research group at Sun Microsystems Laboratories see

42、ks such alternatives. Along with several other groups worldwide, 我们在太阳微系统实验室的研究组正在寻找这样的替代品。和世界上其他几个组织一起.”由此可推断，寻找更好的同步系统替代品是一个国际性问题，选项D正确。选项A，B，C均是事实，不是推导出来的，所以不符合题意。9. 翻译题Translate the following into ChineseMembers shall give effect to the provisions of this Agreement. Members may, but shall not be

43、 obliged to, implement in their law more extensive protection than is required by this Agreement, provided that such protection does not contravene the provisions of this Agreement. Members shall be free to determine the appropriate method of implementing the provisions of this Agreement within thei

44、r own legal system and practice.For the purposes of this Agreement, the term “intellectual property” refers to all categories of intellectual property that are the subject of Section I through 7 of Part II.Members shall accord the treatment provided for in this Agreement to the nationals of other Me

45、mbers. In respect of the relevant intellectual property right, the national of other Members shall be understood as those natural or legal persons that would meet the criteria for eligibility for protection provided for in the Paris Convention (1967), the Berne Convention (1971), the Rome Convention

46、 and the Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits, were all Members of the WTO members of those conventions. Any Member availing itself of the possibilities provided in Paragraph 3 of Article 5 or Paragraph 2 of Article 6 of the Rome Convention shall make a notification as f

47、oreseen in those provisions to the Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (the “Council for TRIPS”)Criminal law is distinctive for the uniquely serious potential consequences of failure to abide by its rules. Every crime is composed of criminal elements. An element of a cr

48、ime (collectively called elements of crime) is a basic set of common law principles regarding criminal liability that, with few exceptions, constitute the essential elements to prove that the defendant committed a crime under United States law. The jury must be convinced beyond a reasonable doubt th

49、at the defendant committed each element of the particular crime charged before deciding on a guilty verdict. The component parts that make up any particular crime vary depending on the crime. The basic components are mental state (Mens rea), conduct (Actus reus), concurrence and causation. However,

50、the two necessary elements that must coexist for a crime to exist is that the defendant must have committed an act and that act must have been committed intentionally.【答案】各成员均必须实行本协定中的规定。各成员可以但并无义务，在其法律中实施比本协定要求更广泛的保护，只要此种保护不违反本协定的规定。各成员有权在其各自的法律制度和实践中确定实施本协定规定的适当方法。在本协定中，“知识产权”一词系指属于本协定第二部分第1节至第7节中

51、的所有类别的知识产权。各成员应根据本协定的规定给予其它成员以国民待遇。对于相应的知识产权，其它成员的国民被认为是符合巴黎公约（1967）、伯尔尼公约（1971）、罗马公约和关于集成电路的知识产权条约中所规定的保护资格标准的自然人或法人，即WT0的所有成员似乎都已加入了这些公约。任一运用了罗马公约第五条第3款或第6条第2款规定的可能性的成员，均应根据这些条款的预告，通知“与贸易有关的知识产权理事会（TRIPS理事会）”。刑法因未能遵守其规定导致的无可匹敌的严重潜在后果而是与众不同的。每项罪行由犯罪要素构成。一项罪行的一个要素（共同地被称为犯罪要素）是一套基本的关于刑事责任的普通法法则，而这些法则

52、极少例外地构成了证明被告在美国法律之下犯罪的基本要素。在确定一项有罪裁定之前，陪审团必须无疑地确信被告犯了所被指控的特定罪行的每一个要素。组成任何特定罪行的构成要素依据罪行而变化。基本的要素是心理状态（犯罪意图），行为（犯罪行为），同时发生和起因。然而，对于一项罪行存而必须并存的两个必要要素是被告一定要犯下一个罪行且那个罪行是故意犯下的。10. 单选题If each representative present here makes his usual speech, the meeting will be （ ）more than an hour.问题1选项A.expandedB.prolo

53、ngedC.delayedD.exceeded【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项expand“扩张”；B选项prolong“延长”；C选项delay“延迟”；D选项exceed“超过”。句意：如果每位出席的代表都像往常一样发言，会议将延长一个多小时。选项B符合句意。11. 单选题Whether their football team will win is a matter of（ ） to me.问题1选项A.indifferenceB.discriminationC.deviationD.interests【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项indifference“漠不关心，冷淡，不重

54、视”；B选项discrimination“歧视，差别”；C选项deviation“偏差”；D选项interest“兴趣，爱好”。句意：他们的足球队是否会赢对我来说无关紧要。选项A符合句意。12. 单选题Genetically modified crops are everywhere. It seems even in Europe, strict laws designed to keep the European Union free of GM crops are not working, instead are posing problems for the EU: Farmerss

55、representatives say that supplies of animal feed for poultry and pigs are being refused entry at European ports when found to contain even trace amounts of GM material.Under Europes “zero-tolerance” laws on GM, introduced in 2007, the presence of even a few seeds of GM material will rule out an enti

56、re shipment. The animal feed industry says the laws are unworkable because GM material is almost unavoidable, given todays global supply chain. “Though we understand the consumer concern in Europe, we dont understand zero tolerance because it closes down trade.” says Pekka Pesonen, secretary general

57、 of Copa-Cogeca, a federation of groups representing 15 million EU farmers in total. He claims that European pig and poultry farmers will go out of business unless the EU adopts a more practical checking approach by setting a standard say 0.5 percentbeneath which GM is tolerated. Pesonen says such “

58、tolerances” operate for other pollution, including pesticides and heavy metals. So why not for GM material, much of which has been cleared for human consumption elsewhere in the world?Last year 200,000 tons of conventional animal feed mainly soy and com were refused entry to the EU when they were fo

59、und to contain small amounts of GM com varieties. Then flax from Canada was found to contain traces of a GM variety named CDC Triffid that was withdrawn from commercial sale in 2001. Following a prohibition on flax more than 100 shipments were rejected, but trade is slowly resuming. The rejected ton

60、nages is only a small part of the 32 million tons of feed imported each year. But it leads to delays to subsequent contracts, higher prices and reluctance by importers to risk further shipments.Prices will be higher still this year, says Pesonen. owing to natural disaster in South America and a grow

61、ing market for American farmers selling crops to Asia, which accepts mixed shipments. Increasing numbers of GM crop varieties are on the way. At present, around 30 varieties are grown around the world, blit that is predicted to double twice by 2015. making screening more difficult than ever.A furthe

62、r conflict arises because all the European officials are due to be replaced in February. A spokeswoman for the health commission, which introduced the zero-tolerance policy to satisfy widespread questionings in Europe about the safety of GM crops, says that intensive discussion on feed imports have

63、already taken place. “Once the new commission is established, it will have to consider how to proceed on this matter.” she says.1.European laws against GM products（ ）.2.Taking todays global supply chain into account, the animal feed industry thinks that（ ）.3.What is European farmers attitude to GM according to Pekka Pesonen?4.After some shipments are refused to be imported,（ ）.5.According to the last paragraph, why did the health commission introduce the zero-tolerance policy?问题1选项A.manage to function wellB.bring troubles to farmersC.help farmers a lotD.allow food with GM material问题2选项A.G