2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考前模拟强化练习题49（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Study can help us look into the future and（ ）confused thinking.问题1选项A.notifyB.simplifyC.clarifyD.justify【答案】C【解析】句意:学习能帮助我们展望未来,可以澄清混乱的思想。考查动词辨析。Notify通知,公布; simplify使简化,使简易; clarify 使更清晰易懂,阐明,澄清; justify证明正确(或正当、有理),对作出解释。故C符合句意。2. 单选题Please（ ）yourself from smo

2、king and spitting in public places, since the law forbids them.问题1选项A.restrainB.hinderC.restrictD.prohibit【答案】A【解析】句意:请不要在公共场所吸烟以及随地吐痰！这可是违法的！考查动词辨析。restrain制止，阻止，管制，忍住，后可接反身代词和from,构成restrain oneself from.表示戒掉习惯，符合题意。hinder 妨碍，阻止，后不接from,故排除。restrict 限制，后接介词 to,构成restrict to表示仅限于，不符合句意，故排除。prohibit

3、 禁止，可以直接接宾语，后面不接from，也排除。因此选A。3. 单选题The statistics（ ）that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.问题1选项A.provesB.is provingC.are provingD.prove【答案】D【解析】句意:这些统计数据表明这个地方的生活标准在最近已经彻底地改善。语法题。考查时态。主语为statistics (数据(复数),句意为“数据表明”,因此此处应该用一般现在时。故选D。4. 单选题Several international

4、events in the early 1990s seem likely to（ ）, or at least weaken, the trends that emerged in the 1980s.问题1选项A.revoltB.revolveC.reverseD.revive【答案】C【解析】句意:90年代初期发生的若干国际事件，似乎有可能逆转或者至少能够缓解80年代出现的趋势。考查动词辨析。revolt 叛逆，反抗，不及物动词,故排除；revolve旋转，环绕，不及物动词,故排除。Reverse 颠倒，逆转。Revive （使）苏醒，复兴，复活。根据句意“或者至少能够缓解”可知C正确。

5、5. 单选题The party,（ ）I was the guest of honor, was extremely enjoyable问题1选项A.by whichB.for whichC.to whichD.at which【答案】D【解析】句意:我以贵宾身份参加这个聚会,聚会极其令人愉快。语法题。考查定语从句。空格所在句为which引导的定语从句修饰先行词party(聚会)。与party搭配的介词通常为at或in。因此选D。6. 单选题If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say some

6、thing in the way of（ ）.问题1选项A.persuasionB.remedyC.encouragementD.compromise【答案】C【解析】句意:如果一个人谈及自己的缺点，那么他的听众就被期待说一些关于鼓励的话。考查名词辨析。persuasion说服，劝说;remedy补救，治疗;encouragement 鼓励；compromise 妥协，和解。由前半句句意可知C符合句意。7. 单选题After the disaster, the truth（ ）us that a healthy habit of living can keep us away from som

7、e terrible diseases.问题1选项A.focused onB.imposed onC.dawned onD.leaned on【答案】C【解析】句意:在这场灾难后，我们渐渐明白一个事实:一个健康的生活习惯能让我们远离一些可怕的疾病。考查短语辨析。选项均为对应短语的过去式。focus on 集中注意力于，聚焦于；impose on 利用，欺骗，施加影响于； dawn on被理解，渐渐明白；lean on 依赖，靠在上。故选C。8. 单选题Our family doctors clinic（ ）at the junction of two busy roads.问题1选项A.res

8、tsB.standsC.staysD.seats【答案】B【解析】句意:我们家庭医生的诊所位于两条繁忙马路的交叉口。考查动词辨析。rest休息，放松，(被)支撑；stand 站立，位于，停滞； stay 停留，坚持，暂住，停下；seat 使坐下。故B符合句意。9. 单选题Computers are employed to process census data and to（ ）such financial business as collecting taxes.问题1选项A.facilitateB.fabricateC.fortifyD.falsify【答案】A【解析】句意:电脑被用来处理

9、普查数据和辅助金融业务,比如收税。考查动词辨析。facilitate 促进,促使,使便利;fabricate 制造,伪造;fortify (尤指)筑城防御;(在物质或精神上)加强,增强;增强(感觉或态度);falsify 伪造,歪曲。空格处动词的宾语为“financial business (金融业务)”,因此A符合句意。10. 单选题Luckily, there were no secondary infections and both of the patients（ ）.问题1选项A.livedB.revivedC.survivedD.existed【答案】C【解析】句意:幸运的是没有继

10、发感染且这两位病人活下来了。考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去式。Live住,居住,生存; revive (使)苏醒,复活,重新使用; survive生存,存活,继续存在,幸存; exist 存在,实际上有,生活。故C符合句意。11. 单选题The philosophy teacher was indeed amazed by the students（ ）in handing the computer.问题1选项A.availabilityB.probabilityC.variabilityD.versatility【答案】D【解析】句意:这位哲学老师的确为这些学生在操控计算机上的多才

11、多艺感到惊讶。考查名词辨析。Availability 可利用，可用性，有用（效）性；probability可能性，机率；variability 可变性，变异性；versatility 多功能性，多才多艺，用途广泛。因此D符合句意。12. 单选题The selfish people are mainly（ ）with what they can personally get out of the organization.问题1选项A.imperviousB.concernedC.scandalousD.suspicious【答案】B【解析】句意:自私的人主要关心自己个人能从组织中得到什么东西。

12、考查形容词辨析。impervious 不受影响的，无动于衷的，不能渗透的；concerned 有关的，关心的；scandalous 可耻的；suspicious 可疑的，怀疑的，多疑的。Be concerned with 关心。故选B。13. 单选题Hard work can（ ）your success in learning a foreign language.问题1选项A.assureB.guaranteeC.warrantD.promise【答案】B【解析】句意:努力工作能保证你在学习一门外语上取得成功。考查动词辨析。Assure 使确信,向保证,弄清,查明; guarantee保证

13、,担保,保障; warrant使有必要,使正当; promise 许诺,承诺,答应。因此B符合句意。14. 单选题Wed better（ ）our watches if we all want to be there at the same time.问题1选项A.harmonizeB.synchronizeC.symbolizeD.systematize【答案】B【解析】句意:如果我们都想在同样的吋间到达那里，那么我们最好让我们手表的时间一致。考查动词辨析。harmonize 使和谐，以和声唱；synchronize （使）同步，在吋间上一致，同速进行；symbolize 象征，用符号表现；

14、systematize 使系统化，使组织化。故选B。15. 翻译题The necessary urban development of our cities must be compatible with the conservation of the Cultural and Historical Patrimony. This is particularly true in the case of those cities, numerous in the Iberian Peninsula and Europe, that are the result of a long histori

15、cal tradition, often uninterrupted during almost two thousand years. （1）The preservation of the Archaeological Patrimony in these cities, however, conies up against conflicts difficult to resolve，with very differine and opposed positions: the demand and the price of the ground, the liamionious devel

16、opment of the city, the presence of infrastructures and services, the aspiration of the citizens to worthy housing, the business projects of the promoters or the working plans of the constructors.The common resource established to solve these conflicts is Urban Planning. （2）Arcliaeolouv must take pa

17、rt actively in the elaboration of this planning，and use its abilities positively to prevent archaeological problems and look for an acceptable solution fi.oni the point of view of the protection of the Archaeological Patrimony with regaid to urban development.（3）Lainentablv，archaeology frequently ig

18、nores the possibilities of this course of action and does not have the resources necessary to use the urban standard and the planning figures as other methodological instruments (alongside those traditionally used archaeology) to solve the archaeological impact of urban development.（4）Given that the

19、 planning figures are the most efficient wav of regulating the ground plan and classify and organize the territory, they are also a useful instrument for organizing an action of urban Archaeological Patrimony within the plan. This outlining must extend from the element under protection towards its s

20、urroundings, and must seek the conservation of that space, as well as guarantee the control of the agents or activities that may act negatively upon them.（5）The adequate organization of these spaces needs not only to apply the existing ground legislation, but also develop in each particular case (wh

21、ether a city or a superior organiziii2 community) a defined regulation. This regulation, adapted to the specification of the elements and surroundings to be protected, provides an adequate organization of the spaces that, due to their own historical values and potential social function, thus require

22、 it. To achieve this, it will be necessary to not only limit their use, but also to establish solutions for their management and, even, for their socio-cultural use.【答案】1.然而，这些城市的考古遗产保护遇到了难以调和的冲突，其中包括一些非常不同，甚至对立的观点。2.考古学（家）必须积极参与城市规划方案的制定，并积极地利用其影响力来阻止考古相关的问题。而且，在城市开发方面，必须从保护历史遗产的角度来寻求可接受的解决办法。3.可惜，

23、考古学经常忽视这一行动的可能性，他们缺乏必要的资源将城市标准和规划数字用作其他方法学工具（与传统考古学一样）,以解决城市开发对考古学造成的冲击。4.假使规划数据是规定土地使用和对用地进行划分以及管理的最有效的途径，它们也可以成为在规划范围内组织城市历史遗址保护行动的有效手段。5.为了对这些地的空间进行充分管理，不仅需要应用现成的一些规范，还要针对每一种具体情况（无论是一座城市还是高级的组织社区）制定特殊规定。16. 单选题The government（ ）to approve the use of wide-spread surveillance when the Justice Depart

24、ment took objections.问题1选项A.is goingB.had beenC.was aboutD.is coming【答案】C【解析】句意:政府即将同意采取广泛监督的手段吋，却遭到了司法部的反对。语法题。考查时态(一般过去将来时)。由关键词“took”可知句子主调为过去时,因此使用现在吋态的A项和D项排除。句意为“政府即将同意”,因此应用一般过去将来时。故选C。17. 单选题Harnessing the wind to（ ）electricity dates back to 1890.问题1选项A.manufactureB.yieldC.growD.generate【答案】

25、D【解析】句意:利用风来发电可追溯到1890年。考查动词辨析。Manufacture 制造,加工; yield 出产(作物),产生(收益、效益等),提供,放弃; grow扩大,增加,增强; generate产生,引起,发(电)。故D符合句意。18. 单选题In the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well.First, let

26、s talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone is that a mobile number corresponds to a person, while a landline goes to a place. If you call my mobile, you get me. If you call my fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it.This has several implic

27、ations. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the meeting influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow ev

28、eryone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer see you there at 8, but text me around 8 and well see where we all are.Texting changes people as well. In their paper, Insights into the Social and Psychological E

29、ffects of SMS Text Messaging, two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the talkers and the textersthose who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text to voice. They found that the mobile phones individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to e

30、xpress a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well.Another scientist wrote of the

31、 changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the speakeasy: the head is held high in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the spacemaker: these people focus on themselves and keep out other people.Who can

32、blame them? Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera phones intrude on peoples privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you neednt worry so much. After all, it is good to talk.1.When people plan to meet nowadays, they（ ）.2.According to the two Britis

33、h researchers, the social and psychological effects are mostly likely to be seen on（ ）.3. We can infer from the passage that the texts sent by texters are（ ）.4. According to the passage, who is afraid of being heard while talking on the mobile?5. An appropriate title for the passage might be （ ）问题1选

34、项A.arrange the meeting place beforehandB.postpone fixing the place till last minuteC.seldom care about when and where to meetD.still love to work out detailed meeting plans问题2选项A.talkersB.the speakeasyC.the spacemakerD.texters问题3选项A.quite revealingB.well writtenC.unacceptable by othersD.shocking to

35、others问题4选项A.TalkersB.The “speakeasy”C.The “spacemaker”D.Texters问题5选项A.The SMS EffectB.Cultural Implication of Mobile UseC.Change in the Use of the MobileD.Body Language and the Mobile Phone!【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。第三段指出: It is no longer see you there at 8，but text me around 8 and w

36、ell see where we all are (不再是在8点在那里见你，而是 在8点左右给我发短信，然后再看我们都在哪里),因此选B“推迟到最后一分钟才确定（见面）地点”。2.判断推理题。第四段指出: They found that the mobile phonesindividuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality (他们发现移动手机的个性化和隐私，让喜欢发短信的人有能力去表达自己全新的外向性格),因此D项“喜欢发短信的人”正确。3.判断推理题。第四段指出:

37、 They found that the mobile phonesindividuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality (他们发现移动手机的个性化和隐私，让喜欢发短信的人有能力去表达自己全新的外向性格),因此选A“揭露隐情的”。4.细节事实题。第一段指出: “And there is the spacemaker: these people focus on themselves and keep out other people (但是，喜欢在私底下讲电话的人却

38、专注于自己本身且远离其它人),故选C“喜欢在私底下讲电话的人”。5.主旨大意题。文章的中心话题是:移动手机影响我们的文化和肢体语言。因此B项“移动手机使用带来的文化影响”比较适合做文章标题。19. 单选题Proper arrangement of classroom space is important to encouraging interaction. Most of us have noticed how important physical setting is to efficiency and comfort in our work. Todays corporations hi

39、re human engineering specialists and spend a considerable amount of time and money to make sure that the physical environment of buildings are fit for the activities of their inhabitants.Similarly, college classroom space should be designed to encourage the activity of critical thinking. We are alre

40、ady in the twenty-first century, but step into almost any college classroom and you step back in time at least a hundred years. Desks are normally in straight rows, so students can clearly see teacher but not all their classmates. The assumption behind such an arrangement is obvious: Everything of i

41、mportance comes from the teacher.With a little imagination and effort, unless desks are fixed to the floor, the teacher can correct the situation and create space that encourages interchange among students. In small and standard classes, chairs, desks and tables can be arranged in a variety of ways:

42、 circles, U-shapes, or semicircles. The primary goal should be for everyone to be able to see everyone else. Larger classes particularly those held in lecture halls, unfortunately, allow much less flexibility.Arrangement of classroom should also make it easy to divide students into small groups for

43、discussion or problem-solving exercises. Small classes with movable desks and tables present no problem. Even in large lecture halls it is possible for students to turn around and form groups of four to six. Breaking a class into small groups provide more opportunities for students to interact with

44、each other, think out loud, and see how other students thinking processes operate all essential elements in developing new modes of critical thinking.In courses that regularly use a small group format, students might be asked to stay in the same small groups throughout the course. A colleague of min

45、e allows students to move around during the first two weeks, until they find a group they are comfortable with. He then asks them to stay in the same scat, with the same group, from that time on. This not only creates a comfortable setting for interaction but helps him learn students names and faces

46、.1. Desk anangement in a traditional classroom is associated with the idea that（ ）.2. The expression step back in time at least a hundred years (in Paragraph 2) is intended to conveythe idea that（ ） .3. The primary purpose of desk arrangement is（ ）.4. The greatest advantage in allowing each student

47、to find his own group might be that（ ）.5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?问题1选项A.students should not be active learners in the classroomB.it is useless for students to participate in class activityC.the teacher is the chief knowledge sourceD.it is important for students t

48、o see the blackboard clearly问题2选项A.college classrooms often remind you of your college lifeB.critical thinking was encouraged even a century agoC.a hundred years ago, desk arrangement in a classroom was quite differentD.there is not much change in the college educational ideas over the past hundred

49、years问题3选项A.for the teacher to divide students into small groupsB.to make it possible for the students to interact with each otherC.for the teacher to find out how students thinkD.to give students opportunities to practice speaking问题4选项A.the teacher saves the trouble in doing thatB.learning is made

50、comfortable in this wayC.the teacher can easily remember the students names and facesD.brighter students can help the slower ones问题5选项A.New kinds of desks and chairs should be made.B.Many companies are trying to improve the working settings for their employees.C.Interaction between students is essen

51、tial in the training of critical thinking.D.A comfortable environment leads to higher working efficiency.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段指出: The assumption behind such an arrangement is obvious: Everything of importance comes from the teacher (这种安排下的假设是很明显的：所有重要信息都来自于老师)。故选C“老师是知识的主要来源”。

52、2.判断推理题。根据step back in time at least a hundred years”定位至第二段: We are already in the twenty-first century, but step into almost any college classroom and you step back in time at least a hundred years (我们己经进入21世纪，但是踏入任何大学教室，你都会感觉至少回到100年之前),也就是大学教室和以前相比都没有多大改变。故选D “100年来，大学教育的想法都没有太多改变”。3.细节事实题。根据第三段中

53、“The primary goal should be for everyone to be able to see everyone else (主要目的是让每个人都能见到彼此)”以及第四段中“Breaking a class into small groups provide more opportunities for students to interact with each other (将班级分成小团队，可以为学生提供更多的交流机会)”可知B项 “使学生能够相互交流”正确。4.判断推理题。最后一段指出: A colleague of mine allows students to

54、 move around during the first two weeks, until they find a group they are comfortable with. He then asks them to stay in the same seat, with the same group, from that time on. This not only creates a comfortable setting for interaction but helps him learn students names and faces (:我同事允许学生在前两周的时候移动座

55、位，直到他们发现相处融洽的团体。之后他便要求他们和同样的团队 呆在同样的位置上。这不仅能创造舒适的相互交流的环境，而且能帮助他熟悉学生的名字和面孔),因此B项“这样能创造舒适的学习交流环境”正确。5.判断推理题。题目问的是下列哪个选项不正确。文章谈论的是教室中桌椅的位置排放或者说是教室空间的恰当安排，因此A项“应该制作新类型的桌椅”不符合原文所述。20. 单选题The reason that the city attracts lots of inhabitants lies in that its a city of（ ）.问题1选项A.intensityB.diversityC.adversityD.necessity【答案】B【解析】句意:这个城市吸引很多居民的原因在于它是一个多元化的城市。考查名词辨析。Intensity 强度,强烈;diversity 不同(点),多样性,多样化; adversity困境,逆境; necessity 必然,必要,需要。因此B符合句意。