2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考前模拟强化练习题86（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-首都经济贸易大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Physics is（ ）to the science which was called natural philosophy in history.问题1选项A.alikeB.equivalentC.likelyD.uniform【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。alike“相同的，相似的”；equivalent“相等的，相同的”；likely “可能的，预料的，有希望的”；uniform “一致的，统一的”。句意：物理学也相当于一门科学，在历史上这门科学被称为自然哲学。根据Physics和science 之间的

2、逻辑关系可知B项符合题意，因此选B。2. 单选题In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth the total （ ）for living expenses.问题1选项A.acceptableB.availableC.advisableD.applicable【答案】B【解析】句意:通常，一个学生花在住房上的费用应控制在可支配生活费总额的五分之一以内。考查形容词辨析。acceptable 可接受的，令人满意的；available 可获得的，可购得的，有空的；advisa

3、ble 明智的，可取的；applicable 适用的，可实施的。故B符合句意。3. 单选题Students or teachers can participate in excursions to lovely beaches around the island at regular （ ）.问题1选项A.gapsB.rateC.lengthD.intervals【答案】D【解析】句意:学生或老师可以每隔一段时间就进行一次短途旅行，到海岛附近美丽的沙滩上去。考查短语辨析。at.rate 以速度：at intervals 不时，每隔一段时间; at length 详尽地; at gap,无此搭配

4、。故选D。4. 单选题It is reported that fewer and fewer of todays workers expect to spend their working lives in the same field, （ ）the same company.问题1选项A.much worseB.less likelyC.all elseD.let alone【答案】D【解析】句意:据报道，如今越来越少的工人愿意一辈子从事一个领域的工作，更不用说在一个公司了。考查短语辨析。much worse 更糟糕的是;less likely 最不可能的是;all else 其他一切；l

5、et alone 更不用说。故D符合句意。5. 单选题2. At first, the speaker was referring to the problem of pollution in the country, but halfway in her speech, she suddenly|（ ）to another subject.问题1选项A.committedB.switchedC.favoredD.transmitted【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。commit to“致力于”；switch to“转换到.”；transmit to. “传送到”; favor不与to sth

6、.搭配使用。句意：最开始演讲者讲述的是有关该国家环境污染的问题，但她演讲到一半就突然转到别的话题上去了。根据but和another subject “别的话题”可知，B项符合题意。故答案选B。6. 翻译题Translate the following into English.人们都有追求幸福的权利，但对幸福的理解却因人而异。绝大多数人认为幸福来自于健康的身体、愿望的实现和事业有成。正如经常发生的那样，许多人在遇到痛苦时才意识到幸福的真正含义。【答案】People have the right to pursue happiness, but different people have dif

7、ferent understanding of happiness. Most people believe that happiness comes from good health, wish fulfilment and successful career. As it often happens, it is not until they suffer that many people realize the true meaning of happiness.7. 单选题Well visit Europe next year（ ）we have enough money.问题1选项A

8、.lestB.providedC.unlessD.until【答案】B【解析】副词辨析题。A选项lest“唯恐，以免”；B选项provided“倘若，假如”；C选项unless“除非”；D选项until“直到.”。句意：如果我们有足够的钱，明年我们就去欧洲。选项B符合句意。8. 单选题For some crimes, and under certain conditions, a police officer must obtain a court order called（ ）before making an arrest.问题1选项A.warrantB.registryC.legislat

9、ionD.battery【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项warrant表示“根据，证明，正当理由”；B选项registry表示“注册，登记”；C选项legislation表示“立法”；D选项battery表示“电池；（法）殴打；炮台”。由句中a court order “一种法院命令”以及关键信息before making an arrest “在实施逮捕之前”可知，这是空缺处应该是指逮捕罪犯的证明或者逮捕令。因此，本题正确答案为A项。【句意】对于某些犯罪，在一定条件下，警察在实施逮捕之前必须获得法院的命令，也就是逮捕令。9. 单选题California is a land of v

10、ariety and contrast.Almost every type of physical land feature, sort of arctic ice fields and tropical jungles can be found within its borders.Sharply contrasting types of land often lie very close to one another.People living in Bakersfield, for instance, can visit the Pacific Ocean and the coastal

11、 plain, the fertile San Joaquin Valley, the arid Mojave Desert, and the high Sierra Nevada, all within a radius of about 100 miles.In other areas it is possible to go snow skiing in the morning and surfing in the evening of the same day, without having to travel long distance.Contrast abounds in Cal

12、ifornia.The highest point in the United States (outside Alaska) is in California, and so is the lowest point (including Alaska).Mount Whitney, 14,494 feet above sea level, is separated from Death Valley, 282 feet below sea level, by a distance of only 100 miles.The two areas have a difference in alt

13、itude of almost three miles.California has deep, clear mountain lakes like Lake Tahoe, the deepest in the country, but it also has shallow, salty desert lakes.It has Lake Tulainyo, 12,020 feet above sea level, and the lowest lake in the country, the Salton Sea, 236 feet below sea level.Some of its l

14、akes, like Owens Lake in Death Valley, are not lakes at all: they are dried up lake beds.In addition to mountains, lakes, valleys, deserts, and plateaus, California has its Pacific coastline, stretching longer than the coastlines of Oregon and Washington combined.1. Which of the following is the low

15、est point in the United States?2. Where is the highest point in the United States located?3.How far away is Death Valley from Mount Whitney?4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being within a radius of about 100 miles of Bakersfield?5.Which statement best demonstrates that Cal

16、ifornia is a land of variety and contrast?问题1选项A.Lake TulainyoB.Mojave desertC.Death ValleyD.The Salton Sea问题2选项A.Lake TahoeB.Sierra NevadaC.Mount WhitneyD.Alaska问题3选项A.about 3 milesB.Only 100 milesC.282 feetD.14,494 feet问题4选项A.The Pacific Ocean.B.San Joaquin ValleyC.Mojave DesertD.Oregon and Washin

17、gton问题5选项A.The highest lake in California is Lake TulainyoB.It is possible to go surfing and snow skiing in some parts of California without having to travel long distance.C.Sierra Nevada, San Joaquin Valley, Mojave Desert and Pacific Ocean all lie within a radius of about 100 miles.D.Owens Lake, in

18、 Death Valley, is not really a lake at all.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干中的the lowest point可以定位在文章描述海拔高度的部分。由文章第三段中的.Death Volley, 282 feet below sea level. “死亡谷， 低于海平面282英尺。”第三段提到了美国的最高点和最低点。故C项符合题意。2.细节事实题。同样根据题干定位在文章第三段中的The highest point in the United States (outside Alaska) is in

19、 California, and so is the lowest point (including Alaska). “(除了阿拉斯加州之外)美国的最商点就在加利福尼亚，并且(包括阿拉斯加州在内)美国的最低点也在加利福尼亚。”由此可以推断出，美国实际最高点应该在阿拉斯加州，因此答案选D。3.细节事实题。根据题干可以将答案定位在文章第三段中的 Mount Whitney, 14,494 feet above sea level, is separated from Death Valley, 282 feet below sea level, by a distance of only 100

20、 miles.“海拔14,494英尺的惠特尼山与海拔282英尺的死亡谷仅相距100英里。”由此选项B “仅仅100英里”正确。4.细节事实题。根据题干within a radius of about 100 miles of Bakersfield 可以将答案定位在文章第二段第一句话 People living in Bakersfield, for instance, can visit the Pacific Ocean and the coastal plain, the fertile San Joaquin Valley, the arid Mojave Desert, and th

21、e high Sierra Nevada, all within a radius of about 100 miles. “例如，生活在贝克斯菲尔德的人们可以游览太平洋和沿海平原，肥沃的圣华金山谷，干旱的莫哈韦沙漠，以及高海拔的内华达山脉，所有这些都在100英里的范围内。由此可知，只有D项没有提及，故答案为D。5.判断推理题。四个选项的信息均在文章中有所提及且表述正确，但最能体现加利福尼亚地貌多样性且差异巨大的为选项C“内华达山脉、圣华金河谷、莫哈韦沙漠和太平洋均在100英里的半径范围内”。故C项符合题意。10. 单选题Professor Johnson is said（ ）some sig

22、nificant advance in his research in the past years.问题1选项A.makingB.having madeC.to makeD.to have made【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。Sb is said 后接动词不定式，表示“据说某人.”。用不定式的完成式表示已经发生的动作。此句相当于It is said that Professor Johnson has made some significant advance in his research in the past year句意：据说约翰逊教授去年在他的研究中取得了重大进展。故本

23、题正确答案为D项。11. 单选题If any of these symptoms （ ）while you are taking the medicine, consult your doctor immediately.问题1选项A.establishB.representC.performD.occur【答案】D【解析】考察动词词义辨析。establish“建立;创立”；represent “代表；表现”；perform“表演；执行：完成”；occur “发生”。句意：如果用药期间出现上述症状，请立刻咨询医生。选项D符合题意。12. 单选题A recent study, published

24、 in last weeks Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. Indeed, a 16-year-old driver with three or more passengers is three times as likely to have a fatal accident as a teenager driving alone. By contrast, the risk of deat

25、h for drivers between 30 and 59 decreases with each additional passenger.The author also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased dramatically after 10 p.m., and especially after midnight. With passengers in the car, the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident.Rob

26、ert Foss, a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with really stupid behavior than with just a lack of driving experience. The basic issue he says, is that adults who are responsible for issuing l

27、icenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is.Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate (使 缓解) the problem is to have states institute so-called graduated licensing systems, in which getting a license is a multistage process. A graduated license requi

28、res that a teenager first prove himself capable of driving in the presence of an adult, followed by a period of driving with night of passenger restrictions, before graduating to full driving privileges.Graduated licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes, according to recent studies. Abo

29、ut half of the states now have some sort of graduated licensing system in place, but only 10 of those states have restrictions on passengers. California is the strictest, with a novice driver prohibited from carrying any passenger under 20 (without the presence of an adult over 25) for the first six

30、 months.1.Which of the following situations is most dangerous according to the passage?2.According to Robert Foss, the high death rate of teenage drivers is mainly due to（ ）.3.According to Paragraph 3, which of the following statements is TRUE?4.A suggested measure to be taken to reduce teenagers dr

31、iving accidents is that（ ）.5.The present situation in about half of the states is that the graduated licensing system（ ）.问题1选项A.Adults giving a lift to teenagers on the highway after 10 p.m.B.A teenager driving after midnight with passengers in the car.C.Adults driving with three or more teenage pas

32、sengers late at night.D.A teenager getting a lift from a stranger on the highway at midnight.问题2选项A.their frequent driving at nightB.their improper way of drivingC.their lack of driving experienceD.their driving with passengers问题3选项A.Teenagers should spend more time learning to drive.B.Driving is a

33、skill too complicated for teenagers to learn.C.Restrictions should be imposed on teenagers applying to take driving lessons.D.The licensing authorities are partly responsible for teenagers driving accidents.问题4选项A.driving in the presence of an adult should be made a ruleB.they should be prohibited f

34、rom taking on passengersC.they should not be allowed to drive after 10 p.m.D.the licensing system should be improved问题5选项A.is under discussionB.is about to be set upC.has been put into effectD.has been perfected【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。题干要求判断四个选项中哪种情况最危险。根据原文前两段可知，青少年驾车载着超过3名乘客出行发生致命

35、事故的概率是那些独自开车青少年的3倍，而青少年司机的死亡率在晚上10点，特别是午夜之后急剧上升。因此，B选项正确。A选项“成年人在晚上10点钟后搭载青少年”与C选项“成年人在晚上很晚时搭载3名以上青少年乘客”均不正确。D选项“青少年在午夜搭陌生人的车”在原文没有提及，可排除。2.细节事实题。题干询问Robert Foss认为青少年死亡率高的原因。根据题干定位至原文第三段第一句可知，青少年司机的死亡率高与其真正愚蠢的行为关系不大，而是因为他们缺乏驾驶经验，故本题正确答案为C。A选项“频繁在晚上驾驶”：B选项“他们不恰当的驾驶方式”；D选项“他们载乘客驾驶”均与原文不符，故排除。3.细节事实题。A

36、选项“青少年应该花更多的时间学习驾驶”在原文并未提及，可排除；B选项“驾驶对青少年来说太复杂了所以学不会”，属于无中生有，可排除；C选项“青少年申请参加驾驶课程应当有一些限制”由第三段内容不能得出，可排除。根据原文第三段最后一句可知，根本问题是，负责发放驾照的成年人没有意识到驾驶是一项多么复杂和需要熟练度的任务。也就是说驾照发行机构应该对此事负有一定的责任。因此，只有D项与原文内容相符，故本题正确答案为D选项。4.事实细节题。根据原文倒数第二段the way to mitigate the problem is to have states institute so-called gradua

37、ted licensing systems可知，缓解青少年驾驶事故的方法是建立所谓的驾照分级许可制度，因此D选项“改善驾照许可制度”正确。A选项为“规定青少年要在成人陪同下驾驶”；B选项为“应该不准他们载客”：C选项为“应该禁止他们晚上10点后开车”。A、B、C三项均不符合题意，因此本题正确答案为D项。5.事实细节题。根据题干定位至原文最后一段第二句About half of the states now have some soil of graduated licensing system in place, but only 10 of those states have restric

38、tions on passengers可知，美国现在大约有一半的州已经有了分级许可制度，但只有10个州对乘客有限制。说明这种制度已经建立了，只是还不够完善。A选项“在讨论中”、B选项“即将建立”和C选项“已经被实施”都不符合，因此本题正确答案为C项。13. 单选题（ ） such as a washing machine and microwave offer a lot of convenience to people in their housework.问题1选项A.ApplicationsB.InstrumentsC.AppliancesD.Facilities【答案】C【解析】考查名

39、词词义辨析。A选项application表示“应用；申请；应用程序”；B选项instrument表示“仪器；工具；乐器；手段；器械”；C选项appliance表示“装置；器具，器械（尤指家用电器）”；D选项facility表示“设备，工具；容易；灵巧；才能；天赋”。根据a washing machine and microwave（洗衣机和微波炉）可知，句意是指家用电器为人们在家务上提供了很多方便。因此，本题的正确答案为C项。14. 单选题Writing is a slow process, requiring （ ）thought, time, and effort.问题1选项A.signi

40、ficantB.enormousC.considerableD.numerous【答案】C【解析】句意:写作是一个缓慢的过程，需要进行大的思考，耗费大量的吋间并付出巨大努力。考查形容词辨析。significant 有重大意义的，显著的；enormous 巨大的，庞大的：considerable 相当多（或大、重要等）的；numerous 众多的，许多的 ,般用来修饰可数名词。故选C。15. 单选题Nowadays, a cellphone service is available to everyone, everywhere. Probably thousands of people hav

41、e already been using it, but I just discovered it, so Im going to claim it and also name it: Fake Foning.The technology has been working well for me at the office, but there are infinite applications. Virtually in any public space.Say you work at a big university with lots of talky faculty members b

42、uzzing about. Now, say you need to use the restroom. The trip down the hall will take approximately one hour, because a person cant walk into those talky people without getting pulled aside for a question, a bit of gossip, a new read on a certain line of Paradise Lost.So, a cellphone. Any cellphone.

43、 Just pick it up. Dont dial. Just hold that phone to your face and start talking. Walk confidently down the hall engaged in fake conversation, making sure to tailor both the topic and content to the person standing before you whom you are trying to evade.For standard colleague avoidance, I suggest f

44、ake chatting about fake business:“Yes, Im glad you called, because we really need to hammer out the details. Whats that? Yes, I read Page 12, but if you look at the bottom of 4, I think you can see the problem begins right there.”Be engaged in your fake fone conversation. Make eye contact with the p

45、eople passing, nod to them, gesture keen interest in talking to them at a later time, point to your phone, shrug and move on.Shoppers should consider fake foning anytime they spot a talky neighbor in the produce department pinching (用手捏) unripe peaches. Without your phone at your face, youd be in fo

46、r a 20-minute speech on how terrible the world is.One important caution about fake foning. The other day I was fake foning my way past a colleague, and he was actually following me to get my attention. I knew he wanted to ask about a project I had not yet finished. I was trying to buy myself some ti

47、me, so I continued fake foning with my doctor. “So I dont need the operation? Oh, doctor, that is the best news.”And then: Brrrrrrng! Brrrrrmg! Brrrrrmg! My phone started ringing, right there while it was planted on my face. My colleague looked at me, and I at him, and naturally I gasped. “What is t

48、he matter with this thing?” I said, pulling the phone away to look at it, and then putting it back to my ear.“Hello? Are you still there?”Oops.1.Which of the following statement is INCORRECT?2. What is faking foning?3. In the authors opinion, in order to make foning look real one has to4. What does

49、the last example show?5. After his phone suddenly began ringing, the author问题1选项A.Cellphone service is popular among people.B.Fake foning is a new cellphone service.C.Cellphone has much use in office.D.Fake foning is a new discovery.问题2选项A.A device newly produced.B.A strategy to avoid people.C.A ser

50、vice provided everywhere.D.A skill of communication.问题3选项A.talk about interesting matters.B.hold the phone while walking.C.appear absorbed in conversation.D.behave politely to people passing by.问题4选项A.One has to be careful while fake foning.B.One effective way is to fake fone ones doctor.C.Fake foni

51、ng may not deceive people.D.Fake foing is always quite successful.问题5选项A.immediately started talking to the caller.B.immediately started talking to his colleague.C.put the phone away and stopped talking.D.continued with his faking conversation.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。本题要找出说法错误的选项，可采

52、用排除法。文章第一句提到任何人在任何地方都可以使用手机服务，因此选项A“手机服务对人们来说很普遍”正确。B选项说fake foning是一项新的手机服务，明显错误。而由文章第二段可知，这种方法在办公室非常有用，故C项正确。文章第一段第二句指出可能已经有相当多的人在用这种方法了，但作者才刚刚发现，故D项正确。因此本题正确答案应为B项。2.推理判断。本题询问fake foning的含义，这正是文章的主题。虽然原文没有给出fake foning的确切定义，但通过原文内容推理可知，fake foning就是假装接听手机的意思。而foning也假借了ph的发音，其含义其实就是phoning。由原文第四段

53、和第五段可以看出，这种假装接电话的目的是colleague avoidance，故B选项正确。其余选项均为对文中语句的混淆解释。3.推理判断题。题干询问“为了让假接手机看起来更真实，作者认为应该怎么做”。由原文第四段最后一句可知，要根据你想要避开的人而改变谈论的主题和内容，因此不能只谈论有趣的话题，故A项错误。而“走路的时候拿着手机”显然也不能单纯地提高真实性，故B项错误。根据原文第七段可知，要专注接听电话，对路过的人只需用眼神交流一下，点点头，同时还要指指电话，表示在讲电话，只能以后再聊，但并不能推断出这种礼貌地回应能让假接手机看起来更真实，故D项错误。只有C项“装成投入到交谈中的样子（没有

54、注意到旁人）”最真实，最符合题意。因此，本题正确答案为C选项。4.推理判断题。题干询问文中最后一个例子的含义，其实也就是询问最后四段的主旨。这个例子是讲作者有一次在假装接电话时，正好有一个电话打进来，作者只好急中生智，装成手机出问题断线了，而自己还不知道后面又继续通话，可见假接电话也要多加小心，故A选项正确。在这个例子中，作者只是刚好假装在和医生通话，故B选项错误。C选项认为fake foning可能欺骗不了别人，是片面的，作者就很巧妙地化解了尴尬局面，成功骗了同事。选项D说假装接电话总是成功的，根据最后这个例子来看这也未必，还是需要小心的。因此本题正确答案为A选项。5.细节事实题。根据倒数第

55、三段可知，当电活铃突然响起时，作者正好与同事四目相对，但是作者并未惊慌，只是很自然地说道：“这东西出什么毛病了?”同时拿开手机看了一下，然后重新放回耳边说到：“喂喂喂，还在吗?”由此可以看出，作者是对同事说了一句话，因此本题正确答案为B选项。16. 单选题The famous scientist was so easy-going and（ ） that college students liked to talk with him.问题1选项A.gracefulB.graciousC.grimD.glorious【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项graceful表示“优雅的；优美的

56、”；B选项gracious表示“亲切的；高尚的；雅致的”；C选项grim表示“冷酷的；糟糕的；残忍的”；D选项glorious表示“光荣的；辉煌的；极好的”。根据easy-going（平易近人的）可知空缺处部分应为其近义词，因此B项“和蔼的”符合语境，故正确答案为B项。句意：这位著名科学家是如此的平易近人又和蔼可亲，大学生们都喜欢与他交谈。17. 单选题We had no way to measure the exact distance we had traveled, but we thought it was（ ）five miles.问题1选项A.preciselyB.appropri

57、atelyC.apparentlyD.approximately【答案】D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项precisely表示“精确地，恰恰”；B选项appropriately表示“恰当地，合适地”；C选项apparently表示“显然地，表面上”；D选项approximately表示“大约，近似地”。根据句中关键信息We had no way to measure the exact distance可知，我们没有办法测量准确距离。所以后文中的距离只能是大约值，因此本题正确答案为D项。【句意】我们没有办法测量走过的准确距离，但我们认为大约是5英里。18. 单选题Generally, pro

58、mpt cooling and proper refrigeration of foods can hold （ ）bacteria in foods to a safe level.问题1选项A.a number ofB.the number ofC.an amount ofD.a quantity of【答案】B【解析】句意:一般来说，迅速冷却并经过适当的冷藏，食物中的细菌量会被控制在安全范围内。考查短语辨析。a number of若干，许多; the number of 的数量; an amount of 总量”通常与不可数、无生命的名词连用；a quantity of 一些。故B符合句

59、意。19. 单选题The health-care economy is filled with unusual and even unique economic relationships. One of the least understood involves the peculiar roles of producer or provider and purchaser or consumer” in the typical doctor-patient relationship. In most sectors of the economy, it is the seller who

60、attempts to attract a potential buyer with various inducements of price, quality, and utility, and it is the buyer who makes the decision. Such condition, however does not prevail in most of the health-care industry.In the health-care industry, the doctor-patient relationship is the mirror image of

61、the ordinary relationship between producer and consumer. Once an individual has chosen to see a physician and even then there may be no real choice it is the physician who usually makes all significant purchasing decisions: whether the patient should return next Wednesday, whether X-rays are needed,

62、 whether drugs should be prescribed, etc. It is a rare and sophisticated patient who will challenge such professional decisions or raise in advance questions about price, especially when the disease is regarded as serious.This is particularly significant in relation to hospital care. The physician must certify the need for hospitalization, determine what procedures will be performed, and announce when the patie