2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考试题库及模拟押密卷32（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Tea dinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had ever heard about tea. People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive. It could not be bought in shops and even

2、those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity. Some of them were not sure how to use it. They thought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves. Then they served them mixed with butter and salt. They soon discovered their mistake

3、but many people used to spread the used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches.Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century. During the next few years so muc

4、h tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea. Until then tea had been drunk without milk in it, but one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sevigne decided to see what tea

5、tasted like when milk was added. She found it so pleasant that she would never again drink it without milk. Because she was such a great lady her friends thought they must copy everything she did, so they also drank their tea with milk in it. Slowly this habit spread until it reached England and tod

6、ay only very few Britons drink tea without milk.At first, tea was usually drunk after dinner in the evening. No one ever thought of drinking tea in the afternoon until a duchess found that a cup of tea and a piece of cake at three or four oclock stopped her getting a sinking feeling as she called it

7、. She invited her friends to have this new meal with her, and tea-time was born.1. Which of the following is true of the introduction of tea into Britain?2. This passage mainly discusses _.3. Tea became a popular drink in Britain _.4. People in Europe began to drink tea with milk because _.5. We may

8、 infer from the passage that the habit of drinking tea in Britain was mostly due to the influence of _.问题1选项A.The Britons got expensive tea from India.B.Tea reached Britain from Holland.C.The Britons were the first people in Europe who drank tea.D.It was not until the 17th century that the Britons h

9、ad tea.问题2选项A.the history of tea drinking in BritainB.how tea became a popular drink with milkC.how a duchess got the habit of drinking tea in the afternoonD.how tea-time was born问题3选项A.in eighteenth centuryB.in sixteenth centuryC.in seventeenth centuryD.in the late seventeenth century问题4选项A.it tast

10、ed like milkB.it tasted more pleasantC.it became a popular drinkD.Madame de Sevigne was influential问题5选项A.a famous French ladyB.the ancient ChineseC.the upper social classD.people in Holland【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.语义推测题。根据第一段第三句It could not be bought in shops and even those people who cou

11、ld afford to have it sent from Holland（在商店里买不到茶，有的人让人从荷兰寄来茶），可知B选项“茶叶是从荷兰传入英国的”正确。根据第二段第一句Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century.（在17世纪早期东印度公司的船只开始直接从中国运茶之前，茶叶在英国一直稀缺且非常昂贵。），可知A选

12、项“英国人从印度买到昂贵的茶叶”错误；在这之前英国人从荷兰卖茶，故D选项“直到17世纪，英国人才开始喝茶”错误。C选项“英国人是最先在欧洲喝茶的人”：文章没有提到在欧洲没有提到哪个国家最先喝茶，故错误。因此B选项正确。2.主旨大意题。根据整篇文章从英国从古至今在各个时期不同茶的来源方式、饮茶方式和习惯等，可知这篇文章在讲英国饮茶的历史，故A选项“英国饮茶的历史”正确。B选项“茶如何和牛奶一起成为一种受欢迎的饮料”，C选项“公爵夫人是如何养成下午喝茶的习惯的”和D选项“下午茶是如何诞生的”是其中一部分内容，故错误。因此A选项正确。3.事实细节题。根据第二段in the seventeenth c

13、entury. During the next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.（17世纪早期，在接下来的几年里，大量茶叶流入这个国家，导致价格下降，许多人买得起。），可知在17世纪早期，茶在英国受欢迎，故C选项“17世纪”正确。A选项“18世纪”，B选项“16世纪”和D选项“17世纪后期”错误。因此C选项正确。4.语义推测题。根据第三段第二、四、五句Until then tea had been drunk withou

14、t milk in it, but one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sevigne decided to see what tea tasted like when milk was added Because she was such a great lady her friends thought they must copy everything she didSlowly this habit spread until it reached England.（在那之前，人们喝茶不加牛奶，直到一位名叫塞维尼夫人的法国著名女士决定看

15、看牛奶加茶是什么味道。因为她是如此伟大的一位女士，她的朋友们认为她们必须模仿她所做的一切慢慢地，这个习惯传到了英国），可知是因为塞维尼夫人的影响人们开始喝茶加奶，故D选项“塞维尼夫人很有影响力”正确。A选项“它尝起来像牛奶”和B选项“它尝起来更美味”：奶加上茶的口感是欧洲人持续这样喝的原因，故错误。C选项“它成为了一种受欢迎的饮料”：这是欧洲人喝茶加奶的结果，故错误。因此D选项正确。5.判断推理题。根据第三段第五句Slowly this habit spread until it reached England and today only very few Britons drink tea

16、 without milk.（慢慢地，这个习惯传到了英国，直到今天，只有很少的英国人喝茶不加牛奶。），可知英国喝茶主要受法国影响，法国主要受塞维尼夫人影响，故A选项“著名的法国女士”正确。B选项“古代中国”：文中只说欧洲对茶的了解慢于中国，没有提到古代中国和英国人喝茶的因果关系。C选项“上层阶级”：没有提到塞维尼夫人是什么阶层，其他地方也没有强调上层阶级。D选项“荷兰人”：最初英国从荷兰买茶，跟喝茶习惯没有直接因果关系。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题Those naughty boys were caught _flowers in the garden again.问题1选项A.to stea

17、lB.stealingC.having stolenD.to have stolen【答案】B【解析】考查现在分词的用法。现在分词放在另一动作之后，表示主语在进行谓语动向所表示的动作的同时正在进行另一个动作，此时现在分词对谓语动词起修饰或陪衬的作用。句意：那些淘气的男孩又在花园里偷花被抓了，因此根据句意B项为正确答案。catch的常见用法catch sb doing sth“发现某人正在做某事”，转换为被动用法则是sb be caught doing sth，因此A和D项均错误；C项使用的是现在分词的完成式，与句意不符，故排除。3. 单选题Some materials will conduct

18、 heat better than others. These materials are said _good conductors.问题1选项A.to beB.areC.having beenD.being【答案】A【解析】考查动词用法。said后接不定式，said to be“被认为”。句意：有些材料导热比其他材料好，这些材料被叫作热的良导体。所以选A。4. 单选题While he was climbing the high mountain, he had his leg_.问题1选项A.brokeB.breakC.brokenD.breaking【答案】C【解析】考查宾语与宾语补足语

19、之间的关系。此句中的had为使役动词，其后的宾语与宾语补足语之间的关系是逻辑上的动宾关系，根据英语语法，此处应用过去分词。本句句意：他在爬那座高山时，摔断了腿。5. 单选题The question _ tomorrow is whether income tax should be increased.问题1选项A.to be debatedB.to debateC.debatedD.that it will be debated【答案】A【解析】考查后置定语。句意：明天要讨论的问题是是否应该提高所得税。根据question被debate确定用被动语态，不定式表目的可以用作定语成分，A选项to

20、 be debated正确。D选项that it will be debated中it作从句主语多余。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题The father cant even discipline himself, _ a good example to his children.问题1选项A.much more to setB.much less settingC.much less to setD.still more setting【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项much more“更加；多得多”，后面接形容词；B选项much less doing“更不用说”，后面可跟名词、代词和从句

21、；C选项much less to do非固定搭配；D选项still more“更加”。句意：这位父亲甚至不能约束自己，_给他的孩子做个好榜样了。根据语境，这里指不能约束自己，就更加不能做个好榜样了，B选项much less doing“更不用说”符合题意。因此B选项正确。7. 单选题Earthquakes rank _ forest fires, flood and tornadoes _ major calamities.问题1选项A.with, asB.like, inC.in, asD.for, in【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项rank with“与并列”，rank as“列为

22、；看作”；B选项rank like非词组，rank in非词组；C选项rank in非词组，rank as“列为；看作”；D选项rank for非词组，rank in非词组。句意：地震和森林火灾排名_，洪水和龙卷风_重大灾害。综合四个选项，只有A选项都可组成有意义的词组，并且符合地震和森林火灾等级相同，洪水和龙卷风为重大灾害的生活场景。因此A选项正确。8. 翻译题除了干旱时期，人们从不把水看成宝贵的自然资源。诚然，水不是世界上的稀有之物。如果天不下雨，农民会抱怨，但在有可靠供水系统的城区，很少有人感到缺水。我们想当然地以为水与空气一样不值钱，到处都有。然而，部分因为人口增加，部分因为可怕的浪费

23、，在当今世界许多地方，供水已成为一大挑战。这是一个不可忽视的严重问题。如果不降低需求，减少浪费，人类在不久的将来就会面临灾难。【答案】In addition to the dry period, people have never regarded water as a valuable natural resource. It is true that water is not a rare thing in the world. If it does not rain, the farmers will complain, but in the city with reliable wat

24、er supply system, few people feel water shortage. We take it for granted that water is no more valuable than air. However, in part because of the increase in population, partly because of the terrible waste, water supply has become a big challenge in many parts of the world. This is a serious proble

25、m that cant be ignored. If we do not reduce blood cells, reduce waste, mankind will face disaster in the near future.9. 单选题In former revolutionary base areas, the poverty-stricken people can not afford to live in _ conditions.问题1选项A.graciousB.decentC.honorableD.positive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项gracious“宽

26、厚的；仁慈的”；B选项decent“像样的；相当好的”；C选项honorable“可敬的；保护声誉的；体面的”；D选项positive“积极的”。句意：在旧的革命根据地，贫困群众不能拥有_的生活条件。根据语境，B选项decent“像样的；相当好的”搭配conditions“条件”比较合理，意思指生活条件优越。因此B选项正确。10. 单选题Many things _ impossible in the past are common today.问题1选项A.consideredB.to considerC.consideringD.being considered【答案】A【解析】考查后置定语

27、。句意：许多过去认为不可能的事情在今天很常见。句子的主干是many things are common（许多事情很普遍），横线部分内容和impossible组合起来修饰many things，根据语境得知这里是指被认为不可能的许多事，属于被动语态，所以A选项considered符合题意，故正确。B选项to consider为不定式表示目的等，故错误。C选项considering表示主动语态，故错误。D选项being considered表示现在进行时的被动语态，故错误。因此A选项正确。11. 单选题All the doctors efforts were _ and the patient s

28、oon died.问题1选项A.in tearsB.in vainC.in turnD.in all【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项in tears“流着泪”；B选项in vain“无效”；C选项in turn“轮流；依次；反过来”；D选项in all“总共，合计”。句意：医生的所有努力都是_，病人很快就死了。根据语境，医生的努力没有成功救回病人，in vain“无效”符合题意。因此B选项正确。12. 单选题A mysterious black cloud approaches the earthour planets weather is severely affected.Throu

29、ghout the rest of June and July temperatures rose steadily all over the Earth. In the British Isles the temperature climbed through the eighties, into the nineties, and moved towards the hundred mark. People complained, but there was no serious disaster.The death number in the U. S. remained quite s

30、mall, thanks largely to the air-conditioning units that had been fitted during previous years and months. Temperatures rose to the limit of human endurance throughout the whole country and people were obliged to remain indoors for weeks on end. Occasionally air-conditioning units failed and it was t

31、hen that fatalities occurred.Conditions were utterly desperate throughout the tropics as may be judged from the fact that 7943 species of plants and animals became totally extinct. The survival of Man himself was only possible because of the caves and cellars he was able to dig. Nothing could be don

32、e to reduce the hot air temperature. More than seven hundred million persons are known to have lost their lives.Eventually the temperature of the surface waters of the sea rose, not so fast as the air temperature, but fast enough to produce a dangerous increase of humidity. It was indeed this increa

33、se that produced the disastrous conditions just remarked. Millions of people between the latitudes of Cairo and the Cape of Good Hope were subjected to a choking atmosphere that grew damper and hotter from day to day. All human movement ceased. There was nothing to be done but to lie breathing quick

34、ly as a dog does in hot weather.By the fourth week of July conditions in the tropics lay balanced between life and total death. Then quite suddenly rain clouds appeared over the whole globe. The temperature declined a little, due no doubt to the clouds reflecting more of the Suns radiation back into

35、 space. But conditions could not be said to have improved. W arm rain fell everywhere, even as far north as Iceland. The insect population increased enormously, since the burning hot atmosphere was as favorable to them as it was unfavorable to Man and many other animals.1. In the British Isles the t

36、emperature _.2. Few people in the United States lost their lives because _.3. Millions of people in Cairo and the Cape of Good Hope were subjected to a choking atmosphere because _.4. By the fourth week of July conditions in the tropics were such that _.5. The insect population increased due to _.问题

37、1选项A.stayed at eightyB.ranged from eighty to ninetyC.approached one hundredD.exceeded the hundred mark问题2选项A.the temperature was tolerableB.people remained indoors for weeksC.the government had taken effective measures to reduce the hot temperatureD.people were provided with the most comfortable air

38、-conditioners问题3选项A.the temperature grew extremely hotB.the temperature became damper and hotter as the humidity of the surface waters of the sea increasedC.their conditions were too dangerousD.nothing could be done with the hot temperature问题4选项A.human survival would be impossibleB.more and more peo

39、ple would lose their livesC.fewer people could be savedD.survival or death was still undecided问题5选项A.the hot airB.the tropical climateC.the rain cloudsD.the damp atmosphere【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句In the British Isles the temperature climbed through the eighties, into the nin

40、eties, and moved towards the hundred mark.（在不列颠群岛，温度从80度上升到90度，并接近100度。），可知不列颠群岛的温度快接近100度，故C选项“接近100”正确。A选项“保持在80度”，B选项“从80上升到90度”和D选项“超过100度”错误。因此C选项正确。2.事实细节题。根据第二段第一句The death number in the U. S. remained quite small, thanks largely to the air-conditioning units that had been fitted during previ

41、ous years and months.（美国的死亡人数仍然很少，这在很大程度上要归功于前几年和前几个月安装的空调设备。），可知，在美国很少人因为高温而丧生得益于空调，故D选项“人们装有最舒适的空调”正确。A选项“温度还可以忍受”和B选项“人们在室内待了几个星期”：根据第三段第二句Temperatures rose to the limit of human endurance throughout the whole country and people were obliged to remain indoors for weeks on end.（全国各地气温上升到人类承受能力的极限，

42、人们被迫连续数周待在室内。），可知这气温已超出承受范围，故A选项错误，并且因为气温太高人们不得不待在室内，这是高温带来的影响而非只有少数人死亡的原因，故B选项错误。C选项“政府已经采取了有效的措施来降低高温”：文章没有提到政府做了什么，故错误。因此D选项正确。3.实细节题。根据第五段第一句Eventually the temperature of the surface waters of the sea roseto produce a dangerous increase of humidity.（最终，海水表层的温度上升了致命的湿度增加。）和第三句grew damper and hott

43、er from day to day（天气一天比一天潮湿和炎热），可知是海水温度和湿度增加影响的开罗和好望角地区，故B选项“随着海洋表层海水湿度的增加，温度变得更潮湿、更热”正确，A选项“温度变得非常热”中仅仅因为温度变化不至于造成这样的结果。C选项“他们的条件太危险了”：这是对这情况的描述而非原因，故错误。D选项“他们对高温无计可施”：根据第四段第二句The survival of Man himself was only possible because of the caves and cellars he was able to dig.（人类之所以能活下来，完全是因为挖到了洞穴和地窖

44、。），可知人类运用了一些对策面对高温，故错误。因此B选项正确。4.语义推测题。根据第六段By the fourth week of JulyThe temperature declined a littleBut conditions could not be said to have improvedas it was unfavorable to Man and many other animals.（到了七月的第四个星期温度降低了一点但不能说情况有所改善就像对人类和许多其他动物不利一样），可知对人类来说，气温的威胁降低了，可是其他的危险同时出现，人类安全与否仍然未知，故D选项“生死仍未定

45、”正确。A选项“人类将不可能存活”，B选项“越来越多的人将失去生命”和C选项“更少的人可以被拯救”与句意不符，故错误。因此D选项正确。5.事实细节题。根据第六段最后一句The insect population increased enormously, since the burning hot atmosphere（昆虫的数量急剧增加，因为灼热的大气对它们有利），可知昆虫因为灼热的大气而增加，故A选项“灼热的大气”正确。B选项“热带气候”C选项“云雨天气”和D选项“潮湿的空气”：文章没有说这些因素和昆虫数量增多的关系，故错误。因此A选项正确。13. 单选题While fashion is

46、thought of usually in relation to clothing, it is important to realize that it covers a much wider domain. It is to be found in manners, the arts, literature, and philosophy, and may even reach into certain areas of science. In fact, it may operate in any field of group life, apart from the technolo

47、gical and utilitarian area and the area of the sacred. Its operation requires a class society, for in its essential character it does not occur either in a homogeneous society like a primitive group, or in a caste (社会等级) society.Fashion behaves as a movement, and on this basis it is different from c

48、ustom which, by comparison, is static. This is due to the fact that fashion is based fundamentally on differentiation and emulation. In a class society, the upper classes or so-called social elite are not able to differentiate themselves by fixed symbols or badges. Hence the more external features o

49、f their life and behavior are likely to be imitated by classes immediately below them, who, in turn, are imitated by groups immediately below them in the social structure. This process gives to fashion a vertical descent. However, the elite class finds that it is no longer distinguishable, by reason

50、 of the imitation made by others, and hence is led to adopt new differentiating criteria, only to displace these as they in turn are imitated. It is primarily this feature that makes fashion into a movement and which has led one writer to remark that a fashion, once launched, moves to its doom.As a

51、movement, fashion show little resemblance to any of the other movements which we have considered. While it occurs spontaneously and moves along in a characteristic cycle, it involves little in the way of crowd behavior and it is not dependent upon the discussion process and the resulting public opin

52、ion. It does not depend upon the mechanisms of which we have spoken. The participants are not recruited through agitation. No morale is built up among them. Nor does the fashion movement have, or required, an ideology. Further, since it does not have a leadership imparting conscious direction to the

53、 movement, it does not build up a set of tactics. People take part in the fashion movement voluntarily and in response to the interesting and powerful kind of control which fashion imposes on them.1. It is known from the first paragraph that _.2. According to the author, which of the following peopl

54、e usually lead a new fashion?3. Which of the following statement is true?4. According to the author, a fashion movement _.5. It can be inferred from the passage that a fashion movement _.问题1选项A.fashion originates in a class societyB.fashion can be found only in a few fields of group lifeC.fashion op

55、erates in every societyD.people like to keep up with fashion in a primitive society问题2选项A.Philosophers.B.Artists.C.The social elite.D.Writers.问题3选项A.Fashion, as a movement, is true.B.The upper classes play a little role in making fashion into a movement.C.A fashion will never vanish once it is launc

56、hed.D.A fashion is destined to disappear once it is launched.问题4选项A.has little in common with other movementsB.will eventually develop into a social organizationC.has a powerful leadership guiding itD.has a set of symbols and values问题5选项A.functions in the same way as specific social movementsB.is a

57、form of expressive behaviorC.can boost the morale of its participantsD.contributes a great deal to the way of crowd behavior【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句Its operation requires a class society, for in its essential character it does not occur either in a homogeneous society like

58、a primitive group, or in a caste society.（它的运作需要一个阶级社会，因为从本质上讲，它既不发生在原始群体那样的同质社会，也不发生在种姓社会。），可知A选项“时尚起源于阶级社会”正确，B选项“时尚只存在于群体生活的几个领域”和C选项“时尚存在于每个社会”错误，时尚也不会存在于原始社会，D选项“在原始社会，人们喜欢赶时髦”错误。因此A选项正确。2.推理判断题。根据第二段第四句Hence the more external features of their life and behavior are likely to be imitated by cla

59、sses immediately below them, who, in turn, are imitated by groups immediately below them in the social structure.（因此，他们生活和行为的更多外在特征很可能被直接低于他们的阶级所模仿，反过来，这些阶级又被社会结构中直接低于他们的群体所模仿。），这里指的是社会精英，可知社会精英引领时尚，C选项“社会精英”正确。A选项“哲学家”，B选项“艺术家”和D选项“作家”正确。因此C选项正确。3.语义推测题。根据第二段最后一句It is primarily this feature that ma

60、kes fashion into a movement and which has led one writer to remark that a fashion, once launched, moves to its doom.（正是这一特点使时尚成为一种运动，也正是这一特点使得一位作家评论道，一种时尚一旦推出，就注定要灭亡。），可知时尚会消亡，也就不是真实的，D选项“一种时尚一旦推出就注定要消失”正确，A选项“时尚是一种真实的运动”和C选项“一种时尚一旦推出就永远不会消失”错误。B选项“上层阶级在使时尚成为运动中发挥了一点点作用”：上层阶级是推动时尚的主要人群，不符合文章内容，故错误。因

61、此D选项正确。4.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句As a movement, fashion show little resemblance to any of the other movements which we have considered.（作为一种运动，时尚与我们考虑过的其他运动几乎没有相似之处。），所以A选项“与其他运动没有什么共同之处”正确。C选项“有一个强有力的领导引导”：根据文章倒数第二句it does not have a leadership imparting conscious direction to the movement（没有领导为运动提供有意识的方向），可

62、知不符合文章内容。B选项“最终会发展成一个社会组织”和D选项“有一系列符号和价值”文章没有提到。因此A选项正确。5.推理判断题。根据文章最后一句People take part in the fashion movement voluntarily and in response to the interesting and powerful kind of control which fashion imposes on them.（人们自愿参加时尚运动，是对时尚强加给他们有趣而有力控制的一种响应。），可知时尚运动是一种对时尚的回应，他们通过时尚运动这种行为表达了对时尚的态度，B选项“是一种表达行为”正确。A选项“其功能与特定的社会运动相同”：根据第三段第一句As a movement, fashion show little resemblance to any of the other movements which we have considered.（作为一种运动，时尚与我们考虑过的其他运动几乎没有相似之处。），可知时尚运动和其他社会运动没有相同之处。C选项“可以提高参与者的士气”：根据第三段第五句No morale is built up among them.（他们没有树