2022年考博英语-厦门大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷33（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-厦门大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Advance in food preservation gave consumers in developed countries access to_all foods grown in distant lands.问题1选项A.extensivelyB.virtuallyC.artificiallyD.continually【答案】C【解析】extensively广泛的； virtually事实上； artificially人为地；continually不断地，频繁地。句意：食品保存技术的进步使发达国家的消费

2、者能够人为地获取不同产地的食品。选项C符合句意。2. 单选题CNBC,the cable business network,and the New York Times have joined forces to create an alliance against a common_: Rupert Murdochs News Corp.问题1选项A.voidB.foeC.cockpitD.gist【答案】B【解析】void空间,空虚; foe反对者, 敌人,对手; cockpit驾驶员座舱, 战场; gist主旨,要点。句意：有线商业网络CNBC（消费者新闻与商业频道）和纽约时报联手创建了

3、一个联盟来对抗共同的竞争对手: Rupert Murdoch的新闻集团。选项B符合句意。3. 单选题Forum for the Future, working with Tesco and Unilever, reckon that by 2022 what we buy,how we buy it and who from will have changed radically. In their report,Retail Futures,they look ahead 15 years to see what lies in store for shoppers and the reta

4、il groups. They see not only new or bigger store chains,more sprawling retail parks,and more poultry products and pasta sauces. Their visions range from multi-storey car parks converted into city centre allotments or vertical farms with produce markets where the parking payment booths once were.to a

5、 nation of stay-at-home shoppers who let their fingers do the walking to order in almost everything they need or let their refrigerators do the talking,with automatic,direct-to-store reordering and home delivery every time yoghurt, salad or beer stocks run low.Forum for the Future,a sustainable deve

6、lopment charity founded by veteran environmentalist Sir Jonathon Porritt and which now advises more than 100 organizations in the public and private sector,says the reality of 2022 is probably somewhere between the two extremes.It will be a mixture, said Tom Berry,the Forums main sustainability advi

7、ser.The high street is vital to the economy and the environment：nearly three million people work in retail which generates 6% of UK GDPand 2. 5% of the countrys carbon dioxide emissions. The Forum says stores and retail groups have a disproportionate influence over society as a result of marketing c

8、ampaigns and daily dealings with consumers.The Forums researchers identified a range of factors which will affect what we buy,how we buy and who we will buy from in the next 15 years. They include: climate change, which is likely to affect agricultural production; higher or lower oil prices; new tec

9、hnology; advances in energy production; more globalization and demographic changes that will mean more immigrant labor and more elderly and single person households.They could prompt new shopping formats,says the Forum,like Tesco Silver outlets with customized products for retired baby boomers. They

10、 also reckon the bell could be tolling for endless aisles of utility products like toilet paper and bin liners,which might only be sold online,or from a utility section at the back of a store,alongside vast vats of liquids like fabric conditioner,where shoppers could fill reusable containers. The lo

11、ng queue at the checkout could also be history when bar codes are read for prices immediately an item is dropped into a trolley.The online revolution,says the Forum,has only just started: We can anticipate innovations such as entering your postcode for hyper-local sourcing. Consumers, however, might

12、 also use the internet to cut out the middleman and source direct from farms and manufacturers, so posing a threat to major retailers.The explosion in the number of TV channels and the rise of the internet to download entertainment means store chains will have to work far harder to build, and keep,

13、consumers trust. One retailer told the researchers: We wont be able to rely on hitting millions of people at 7:45 p.m. on a Wednesday night with a Coronation Street advertising slot.The Forum came up with four different visions of the future depending on high or low economic growth and changing cons

14、umer outlooks; whether shoppers want more convenience or to do more for themselves; perhaps buying more locally sourced products with more information about what their families are eating and wearing. 1.What does the passage mainly talk about?2.Which of the following behaviors has been carried out b

15、y Forum for the Future according to the passage?3.According to the report, the shopping scenario for shoppers and retailers in 15 years time will include the followings, except（） .4.Which of the following aspects has influence on peoples shopping behaviors according to the researchers?5.When the For

16、um advances four kinds of future consumption,the condition not taken into consideration is （）.问题1选项A.The big retailers and experts have forecast an individualistic, optimistic society where technology is held in very high regards.B.The big retailers and experts have gazed into the future and seen a

17、new world of shopping.C.The big retailers and experts have recognized that the economy is buoyant and big business will met shoppers demands.D.The big retailers and experts have predicted that consumer confidence will be low and people rely on big business for security.问题2选项A.It provides methods for

18、 consumers to measure their energy use and carbon emission.B.It promotes campaigns for the big retailers to build up consumer confidence.C.It provides counsels for some public and private organizations.D.It predicts that the big retailers would become more powerful in 2022.问题3选项A.vertical farmsB.ord

19、ers from home refrigeratorsC.home deliveryD.fingers doing the walking问题4选项A.The changes of the population.B.The emission of the countrys carbon dioxide.C.The emerging of the baby boomers.D.The rearrangement at the back of the stores.问题5选项A.smart package productsB.purchasing more local productsC.econ

20、omic growthD.consumers perspectives【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:A【解析】第1题:1.结合文章内容可知, 本文主要通过未来论坛来讲述零售商和专家对未来商品销售的展望和未来购物的全新方式。所以, 选项B正确。2.根据第二段的第一句.which now advises more than 100 organizations in the public and private sector,未来论坛是由资深环保人士Jonathon Porritt爵士创立的一个可持续发展的慈善机构, 目前为100多个公共和私营部门的组织提供咨询服务。选项C

21、符合原文。3.根据第一段后半部分的内容可知, 消费者和零售商在未来15年的购物情景包括在家购物, 家用冰箱直接下单以及送货上门。只有选项A垂直农场不是未来的趋势, 而是现在已经存在的。4.根据第四段的内容可知, 在未来的15年影响人们的购物行为的因素包括气候的变化, 石油价格, 新科技, 能源的生产与发展, 全球化的加大和人口变化。四个选项中只有选项A正确。5.根据最后一段的内容可知, 论坛提出了四种不同的未来愿景, 这些愿景取决于经济增长的快慢和消费者观念的变化; 消费者是想要更多的便利, 还是想为自己做更多的事; 又或者是购买更多适合家人饮食习惯的当地特产。只有选项A没有提及, 所以本题选

22、A。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:4. 单选题Arriving anywhere with these possessions, he might just as easily_for a month or a year as for a single day.问题1选项A.put upB.stay upC.speed upD.make up【答案】A【解析】put up在某地投宿; stay up熬夜, 不睡觉; speedup加速; makeup组成, 化妆, 整理。句意：带着这些东西到任何地方, 他都可以轻松地住上一个月或一年, 就好像只住一天一样。选项A符合句意。5. 单选题The_

23、action of the policemen saved the people in the house from being burnt.问题1选项A.supremeB.significantC.promptD.vital【答案】C【解析】supreme最高的, 至高的; significant重大的, 有意义的; prompt及时的, 迅速的; vital至关重要的。句意：警察迅速采取措施, 使得房子里的人免于烧伤。选项C符合句意。6. 单选题Pick a disease at random, and the chances are that females and males will

24、 handle the pain_with it differently.问题1选项A.connectedB.combinedC.associatedD.compared【答案】A【解析】connect连接, 联合; combine使联合, 使结合; associate联想，使联合； compare比较, 匹敌。句意：随机选择一种疾病，很可能女性和男性会以不同的方式处理与之相关的疼痛。选项A符合句意。7. 单选题The captain performs his duties with great_and all the crew believed that they can get over

25、the storm.问题1选项A.affectionB.suspicionC.assuranceD.definition【答案】C【解析】affection喜爱, 影响; suspicion怀疑; assurance确信, 断言, with assurance指有把握地, 自信地; definition定义。句意：船长信心十足地履行着他的职责，所有的船员都相信他们能够战胜暴风雨。选项C符合句意。8. 单选题Many economists believed that_consumers would cut spending once the value of their homes began

26、to fall.问题1选项A.overstretchedB.oversaturatedC.overproducedD.overpopulated【答案】A【解析】overstretched过度延伸的，指系统或组织被迫过度运作的；oversaturated过饱和的；overproduce过度生产的；overpopulated人口过密的，人口过剩的。句意：许多经济学家认为，一旦房价开始下跌，超负荷的消费者就会削减支出。选项A符合句意。9. 单选题If a country wants to develop its economy successfully, there has to be a cle

27、ar_of its social needs.问题1选项A.assessmentB.assumptionC.assuranceD.appreciation【答案】A【解析】assessment评定, 估价; assumption设想, 假定; assurance确信, 保证; appreciation欣赏, 鉴别, 感激。句意：一个国家要想成功地发展经济, 就必须对其社会需求进行明确的评估。选项A符合句意。10. 单选题The more time scientists spend designing computers the more they marvel at the human bra

28、in. Tasks that baffle（难住）the most advanced supercomputer recognizing a face, reading a handwritten note 一 are childs play for the 3-pound organ. Most important, unlike any conventional computer, the brain can learn from its mistakes. Researchers have tried for years to program computers to imitate t

29、he brains abilities, but without success. Now a growing number of designers believe they have the answer: if a computer is to function more like a person and less like an over-grown calculator it must be built more like a brain, which distributes information across a vast interconnected web of nerve

30、 cells, or neurons.Conventional computers function by following a chainlike sequence of detailed instructions. Although very fast, their processors can perform only one task at a time. This approach works best in solving problems that can be broken down into simpler logical pieces. The processors in

31、 a neural-network computer, by contrast, form a network much like the nerve cells in the brain. Since these artificial neurons are interconnected, they can share information and perform tasks at the same time. This two-dimensional approach works best at recognizing patterns.Instead of programming a

32、neural-network computer to make decisions, its maker trains it to recognize patterns in any solution to a problem by repeatedly feeding examples to the machine.Neural networks come in all shapes and sizes. Until now most existed as software simulations（模拟品）because redesigning computer chips took a l

33、ot of time and money. By experimenting with different approaches through software rather than hardware, scientists have been able to avoid costly mistakes. 1.It can be inferred from the first paragraph that the most advanced supercomputer （ ）.2.What is NOT true of a conventional computer?3.The main

34、feature of a neural-network computer is that（ ） .4.The expression this two-dimensional approach in the second paragraph refers to （ ）.5.Scientists use software rather than hardware in their experiments because （ ） .问题1选项A.can recognize a face and read a handwritten noteB.can learn from its mistakesC

35、.weighs only 3 poundsD.cannot distribute information across an interconnected web of nerve cells问题2选项A.It must be programmed before it works.B.It can only solve one problem at a time.C.It is good at solving one problem at a time.D.It is trained to recognize patterns instead of making decisions.问题3选项

36、A.its processors act as an interconnected web of neuronsB.it is programmed to make decisionsC.its networks are of all shapes and sizesD.its neurons are artificial问题4选项A.the conventional computer and the neural computerB.making decisions and recognizing patternsC.sharing information and performing ta

37、sksD.the computer and the human brain问题5选项A.it can avoid redesigning computer chipsB.it can save a lot of time and moneyC.it can avoid making mistakesD.it is more like the human brain【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.根据第一段最后一句if a computer is to function more like a person and less like an over-gro

38、wn calculator it must be built more like a brain, which distributes information across a vast interconnected web of nerve cells, or neurons.可知选项D正确。2.根据第三段的内容可知选项D指的是neural-network computer而不是传统计算机。所以选项D正确。3.根据第二段第四句The processors in a neural-network computer, by contrast, form a network much like t

39、he nerve cells in the brain.相比之下, 神经网络计算机中的处理器形成的网络很像大脑中的神经细胞。选项A符合原文。4.根据第二段的最后两句可知, this two-dimensional approach指的是上文提到的share information and perform tasks。所以选项C正确。5.根据最后一段最后一句By experimenting with different approaches through software rather than hardware, scientists have been able to avoid cost

40、ly mistakes.通过用软件而不是硬件来试验不同的方法, 科学家已经能够避免代价高昂的错误。选项B符合原文。11. 单选题Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to_wonderful bargains in the market.问题1选项A.pick upB.bump intoC.pile upD.bring back【答案】A【解析】pick up捡起, 获得, 买到; bump into偶然碰上, 猛撞, 猛击; pile up堆集, 相撞; bring back拿回来, 使.恢复;

41、使.回忆起。句意：有些人喜欢在星期天购物, 因为他们希望能在市场上买到物美价廉的东西。选项A符合句意。12. 单选题All the credit card organizations charge interest on a monthly basis which may_at 25 per cent a year, yet judicious purchasing using a card can mean that you obtain up to seven weeks interest-free-credit.问题1选项A.come upB.account forC.add upD.w

42、ork out【答案】B【解析】come up走近, 发生, 上升; account for（比例）占; add up合计; work out解决, 算出。句意：所有的信用卡机构都按月收取利息, 每年的利息可能占25%, 但明智地使用信用卡购物意味着你可以获得长达7周的无息信贷。选项B符合句意。13. 单选题Rental housing,which is an important component of price indices,looks likely to moderate in the next year,in part because of an_of new homes.问题1选

43、项A.overrideB.oversupplyC.oversightD.overture【答案】B【解析】override推翻, 践踏; oversupply过度供给; oversight监管, 疏忽; overture建议。句意：作为价格指数的一个重要组成部分, 租赁住房的价格明年可能会回落, 部分原因是新房供应过剩。选项B符合句意。14. 单选题The Committee has approved your qualifications and you will be_to the retiring Head Clerks post.问题1选项A.employedB.appointedC.

44、admittedD.accepted【答案】B【解析】employed雇用; appointed任命为; admitted接纳; accepted接受。句意：委员会已批准你的资格, 你将被任命为退休的文书主任。选项B符合句意。15. 单选题Although the government still enjoys a high level of public support,the crime problem has stirred political _and suspicions.问题1选项A.substanceB.antagonismsC.dimensionD.possession【答案】

45、B【解析】substance物质, 实质; antagonism对抗,敌意; dimension尺寸; possession拥有。句意：虽然政府仍然享有很高的公众支持, 但犯罪问题已经引发了对抗对立和猜疑。选项B符合句意。16. 单选题By 1817 the United States Confess had_all internal taxes and was relying on tariffs on imported goods to provide sufficient revenues to run the government.问题1选项A.allocatedB.distribut

46、edC.eliminatedD.collected【答案】C【解析】allocated分配; distributed分发; eliminated忽略, 除去; collected收集。句意：到1817年, 美国承认取消了所有的国内税收, 运行政府依靠进口商品的关税来提供足够的收入。选项C符合句意。17. 单选题Since the authors unflattering references to her friends were so_, she was surprised that her _were recognized.问题1选项A.laudatory.stylesB.obvious.

47、anecdotesC.oblique. allusionsD.critical.eulogies【答案】C【解析】laudatory .styles赞美的风格； obvious. anecdotes明显的轶事；oblique.allusions拐弯抹角的隐喻；critical.eulogies爱挑剔的颂词。句意：由于作者对她朋友的不恭维是如此的拐弯抹角，所以她很惊讶她的隐喻被发现了。选项C符合句意。18. 案例题Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years ago. you cannot help bein

48、g struck by the appearance of the women taking part. Their hair-styles and make-up look dated: their skirts look either too long or too short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous. The men taking part in the film, on the other hand, are clearly recognizable. There is nothing abou

49、t their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entirely different age.This illusion is created by changing fashions. （1） .The same cannot be said for women. Each year a few so-called top designers in Paris or London lay down the law and women over the whole world rush to obey. The decrees of t

50、he designers are unpredictable and dictatorial. This year, they decide in their arbitrary fashion, skirts will be short and waists will be high; zips are in and buttons are out. Next year the law is reversed and far from taking exception, no one is even mildly surprised.If women are mercilessly expl

51、oited year after year they have only themselves to blame.（2）. Clothes, which have been worn, only a few times have to be discarded because of the dictates of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a women is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly

52、that she has nothing to wear.（3）. Many women squander vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women, who cannot afford to discard clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Hem-limes are taken up or let down; waist-lines are ta

53、ken in or let out; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.（4） . Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort,

54、providing they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasnt at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shivering in a flimsy dress on a wintry day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in dainty shoes.（5） . Do the constantly changing fashions of womens clothes, one wonders

55、, reflect basic qualities of fickleness and instability? Men are too sensible to let themselves be bullied by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.A.Changing fashions are nothing more than the deliberat

56、e creation of waste.B.No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society.C.The difference between men and women in the mailer of fashion is fascinating.D.Over the year, the great majority of men have successfully resisted all attempts to make them change thei

57、r style of dress.E.Because they shudder at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are annually black-mailed by the designers and the big stores.In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 15, choose the most suitable one from the li

58、st a to e to fit into each of the numbered blank.【答案】（1）D（2）E（3）A（4）B（5）C【解析】1.上文提到，电影中的女士会让人觉得外表和现在相比差别很大， 而男士却没什么变化。这种错觉是由不断变化的时尚造成的。填空处的下文提到女性对时尚改变的态度和反应，由此可推断，填空处应该是指男士对时尚改变的态度，两者形成对比。选项D正确。2.上一句提到：如果妇女年复一年受到无情的剥削, 那只能怪她们自己。选项E道出了受到无情剥削的原因，符合原文逻辑。3.本段主要讲述女性浪费金钱购买衣服或花费时间修改衣服。选项A概括了本段内容。4.本段主要讲设计师

59、们只关注服装的外在形式，而并不关注实用的东西。选项B符合本段大意。5.根据下文的内容：人们不禁要问，不断变化的女装时尚是否反映了基本原则易变和不稳定的特性?接下来提到男士对待时尚的态度。作者对男女对待时尚的不同态度提出了质疑。选项C符合原文逻辑。19. 单选题The patients_symptoms to get appointments quicker and ask doctors to hide the truth from insurance companies.问题1选项A.feignB.obstructC.coinageD.conjure【答案】A【解析】feign假装, 捏造;

60、 obstruct阻隔, 妨碍；coinage造币; conjure祈求。句意：患者假装生病以便更快地得到预约, 并要求医生向保险公司隐瞒事实。选项A符合句意。20. 单选题Despite much discussion, and efforts by both womens and business groups to break the glass ceiling down, the worlds biggest companies are still almost_run by men.问题1选项A.exceptionallyB.excessivelyC.exclusivelyD.exceedingly【答案】C【解析】exceptionally例外地,异常地; excessively过分地, 极度; exclusively排外地, 专有地; exceedingly非常地, 极度地。句意：尽管女性和商业团体为了打破“玻璃天花板”经过多次讨论并为此付出很多努力，但世界上的大公司仍然几乎完全由男性经营。选项C符合句意。