2022年考博英语-南昌大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷92（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-南昌大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The new designs of the Christmas stamps are always waited for with keen .问题1选项A.irritationB.predictionC.receptionD.anticipation【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。irritation “刺激，激怒”；prediction “预报，预言”；reception “接待，接收”；anticipation “预料，预期”。句意：人们总是热切地期待着新设计的圣诞邮票。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题Af

2、ter that shock, his friends and family often advise him not to drink more wine is good for his health.问题1选项A.thatB.thanC.asD.but【答案】C【解析】考查连词的用法。根据句意，可知此处需要填入一个表示原因的连词。句意：在那次打击之后，他的朋友和家人经常劝他不要再喝酒了，因为这对他的健康有好处。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题The manager lost his when he found that his secretary was half hour late for

3、work.问题1选项A.mannerB.moodC.temperD.passion【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。lose ones temper “发脾气”。句意：发现他的秘书上班迟到半小时，经理发了脾气。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题Though he wheedled and threatened, she didnt any details of the plan.问题1选项A.give offB.give awayC.give overD.give up【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。give off “发出（光）等”；give away “赠送，丧失；泄露”；give over “停

4、止；交出”；give up “放弃；交出”。句意：尽管他时而甜言蜜语，时而威胁，她没有透露计划的任何细节。5. 单选题Methods for typing blood were developed around the turn of the century, about the same time that fingerprints were first used for identification. Only in the last decade or two, however, have scientists begun to believe that genetic markers

5、in blood and other bodily fluids may someday prove as useful in crime detection as fingerprints.The standard ABO blood typing has long been used as a form of negative identification. Added sophistication came with the discovery of additional subgroups of genetic markers in blood and with the discove

6、ry that genetic markers are present not only in blood but also in other bodily fluids, such as perspiration and saliva（口水）.These discoveries were of little use in crime detection, however, because of the circumstances in which police scientists must work. Rather than a plentiful sample of blood fres

7、hly drawn from a patient, the crime laboratory is likely to receive only a tiny fleck of dried blood of unknown age from an unknown “donor” on a shirt or a scrap of rag that has spent hours or days exposed to air, high temperature, and other contaminants.British scientists found a method for identif

8、ying genetic markers more precisely in small samples. In this process, called electrophoresis, a sample is placed on a tray containing a gel through which an electrical current is then passed. D.A trained analyst reads the resulting patterns in the gel to determine the presence of various chemical m

9、arkers.Electrophoresis made it possible to identify several thousand subgroups of blood types rather than the twelve known before. However, the equipment and special training required were expensive. In addition, the process could lead to the destruction of evidence. For example, repeated tests of a

10、 blood-flecked shirt-one for each marker-led to increasing deterioration of the evidence and the cost of a week or more of laboratory time.It remained for another British researcher, Brian Wrexall, to demonstrate that simultaneous analyses, using an inexpensive electrophoresis apparatus (电冰器)，could

11、test for ten different genetic markers within a 24-hour period. D.This development made the study of blood and other fluid samples an even more valuable tool for crime detection.1.The author of the passage is primarily concerned with describing .2.It can be inferred from the passage that electrophor

12、esis resembles finger printing in that both _.3.The author put the word “donor(Para. A.3) into quotation marks in order to .4.The passage contains information that would answer which of the following questions:5.According to the passage, all of the following may reduce the usefulness of a fluid samp

13、le for crime detection EXCEPT_.6.The passage implies that electrophoresis may help scientists determine .问题1选项A.how advances in crime detection methods have led to new discoveries in scienceB.various ways in which crime detection laboratories assist the policeC.the development of new scientific tool

14、s for use in crime detectionD.areas of current research in the science of crime detection问题2选项A.provide a form of negative identification in crime detectionB.were first developed by British scientistsC.may be used to help identify those who were present at the time of a crimeD.were developed by scie

15、ntists at around the same time问题3选项A.emphasize that most of the blood samples received by crime laboratories come from anonymous sourcesB.underscore the contrast between the work done in a crime laboratory and that done in a blood bankC.call attention to the fact that, because of undemanding, crime

16、laboratories are forced to rely on charitable contributionsD.indicate that the blood samples received by crime laboratories are not given freely问题4选项A.Is evidence of genetic markers in bodily fluids admissible in courtB.Can electrophoresis be used to identify genetic markers in salivaC.How many subg

17、roups of blood types are currently identifiableD.How accurate is the process of electrophoresis问题5选项A.the passage of timeB.discoloration or stainingC.exposure to heatD.the small size of the sample问题6选项A.whether or not a sample of blood could have come from a particular personB.the age and condition

18、of a dried specimen of blood or other bodily fluidC.when and where a crime was probably committedD.the cause of death in homicide cases【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:D第6题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段提出血型分析、指纹以及遗传标记都可以在犯罪侦查中起作用；第二段提出遗传标记不仅仅存在于血液中，还存在于像汗液和唾液这类的体液中；第三段讲述了以上这些发现在犯罪侦查方面用处不大的原因；第四段讲述了英国科学家发现了一种在小样本中更精

19、确识别基因标记的方法，这个过程叫作做电泳；第五段讲述了电泳技术的优缺点；第六段提到以为英国研究员的发现使得血液和其他液体样本的研究成为犯罪检测的工具。由此可知本文主要讲述的是新的科学工具用于犯罪侦查，选项C符合题意。2.判断推理题。文章中并没有提及指纹是由谁最先提出的，因此选项B可以排除；根据文章第二段第一句话可知negative identification是ABO blood typing，因此选项A可以排除；文章并没有提及电泳的时间，因此选项D可以排除。综上，选项C符合题意。3.判断推理题。文章第三段主要讲述了为什么指纹、血型分析这些不能在犯罪侦查中发挥作用，是因为警察科学家工作的环境导

20、致的（These discoveries were of little use in crime detection, however, because of the circumstances in which police scientists must work）。他们没有新鲜的血液来分析，有的只是从一个不知名的“捐赠者”那里得到的一小块干血斑，由此可知警察科学家所需要的样本不是免费的，选项D符合题意。4.推理判断题。根据文章第四段的内容In this process, called electrophoresis, a sample is placed on a tray contai

21、ning a gel through which an electrical current is then passed可知选项D符合题意。5.细节事实题。根据文章第三段最后that has spent hours or days exposed to air, high temperature, and other contaminants可知选项A、B、C都会影响样本，因此选项D符合题意。6.推理判断题。文章第五段提到电泳技术使鉴定几千种血型成为可能（Electrophoresis made it possible to identify several thousand subgrou

22、ps of blood types rather than the twelve known before），意味着可能鉴别出样本来自于谁，因此选项A符合题意。6. 单选题It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners in the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheels

23、. It is all very well, again to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the drivers seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate drive, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “

24、Be kind to other drivers” campaign; otherwise it may get completely out of hand.Road politeness is not only good manner, but good sense, too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a li

25、ttle politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modem modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness

26、 are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when

27、a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the

28、highways are not covered with dead bodies of these grannies.A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that gives rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motoris

29、ts cant even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of roadmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.1. According to this passage, trou

30、bles on the road are mainly caused by .2. The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road-hog.the rule” (Para. A.1) implies that_.3. By “good sense”, the writer means .4. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion, _.5. In the writers opinion, _.问题1选项A.peoples attitude t

31、owards road-hogB.the rhythm of modern lifeC.the behavior of the driverD.traffic conditions问题2选项A.our society is unjust towards well-mannered motoristsB.rude drivers can be met occasionallyC.the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hogD.nowadays impolite drivers constitute a majority of mo

32、torists问题3选项A.the drivers ability to understand and react reasonablyB.the drivers prompt response to difficulty and severe conditionsC.the drivers tolerance of rude or even savage behaviorD.the drivers acknowledgement of politeness and regulations问题4选项A.road users should make more sacrificeB.drivers

33、 should be ready to yield to each otherC.drivers should have more communication among themselvesD.drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others问题5选项A.strict traffic regulations are badly neededB.drivers should apply road politeness properlyC.rude drivers should be punishedD.drivers

34、 should avoid traffic jams【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段第一句话“It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible.”可知，公路上的麻烦主要是由司机的行为导致的。因此选项C符合题意。2.推理判断题。文章第一段倒数第二句话提到如今彬彬有礼的驾车者却成了例外（You mig

35、ht tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate drive, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule），由此可推测粗鲁的司机占了大多数，选项D符合题意。3.推理判断题。文章第二段第一句提到道路礼仪不仅是好的态度，还是良好的意识（Road politeness is not only good manner, but good sense, too.），接着又提到当遇到不文明行为时，只有头脑最冷静、脾气最好的司机才能抵制报复的诱惑（I

36、t takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior），说明良好的意识就是能够忍受一些不良的行为，因此选项C符合题意。4.推理判断题。文章最后一段倒数第二句话提到专家几年前就告诫我们汽车数量的增多需要道路使用者相互理解（Years ago the experts warned us that the car ownership explosion would demand a lot

37、more give-and-take from all road users），因此选项CB符合题意。5.推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句话“A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper.” 一个资深的司机，认为司机应该学会正确

38、加入交通而不会造成令人生气的交通阻塞。可知，作者认为司机应该适当地使用礼貌。因此选项B符合题意。7. 单选题The unfair criticism left Norman quite with anger.问题1选项A.spellboundB.speechlessC.silentD.mute【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。spellbound “出神的；被迷住的”；speechless “说不出话的”；silent “沉默的”；mute “哑的”。句意：不公平的批评让诺曼愤怒无语。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题The way people hold to the belief that

39、a fun-filled pain-free life equals to happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true; more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.A

40、s a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment, and self-improvement.Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds

41、dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment, for commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.Couples w

42、ith infant children are lucky to get a whole nights sleep or a three-day vacation. I dont know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children will never know the joys of watching a child growing up or of playing with a grandchild.Un

43、derstanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying a new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothi

44、ng to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.1. According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because .2. Raising children, in the authors opinion, i

45、s .3. From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from .4. To understand what true happiness is, one must .5. What is the author trying to tell us?问题1选项A.he is reluctant to take on family responsibilitiesB.he believes that life will be more cheerful to remain singleC.he finds more fu

46、n in dating than in marriageD.he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement问题2选项A.a moral dutyB.a rewarding taskC.a thankless jobD.a source of inevitable pain问题3选项A.hatredB.misunderstandingC.prejudiceD.ignorance问题4选项A.have as much fun as possible during ones lifetimeB.make ever

47、y effort to liberate oneself from painC.put up with pain under all circumstancesD.be able to distinguish happiness from fun问题5选项A.iIt is pain that leads to happinessB.One must know how to attain happinessC.It is important to make commitmentsD.Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain【答案】第1题:B第2题:B

48、第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。文章第三段最后两句提到单身生活充满着乐趣、冒险以及兴奋，而婚姻虽然偶尔也会有这些，但是不再是主要的特征（The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features），由此可知在他们看来，婚姻会影响他们的精彩生活，选项B符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第四段提到没有孩子的夫妻无法感受到那种看着自己孩子慢慢长大的喜悦感（But coupl

49、es who decide not to have children will never know the joys of watching a child growing up or of playing with a grandchild），因此选项B符合题意。3.判断推理题。文章最后一段最后一句话提到它把我们从嫉妒中解放出来，我们现在能够理解那些玩得开心的人实际上可能并不幸福（And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually

50、 may not be happy at all），由此推测出之所以会嫉妒是因为误解：以为那些看起来开心的人是真的幸福，因此选项B符合题意。4.细节事实题。文章最后一段第一句话提到理解并且接受真正的幸福与乐趣无关是最自由的认识之一(Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations)，因此选项D符合题意。5.判断推理题。在作者看来，幸福与痛苦是分不开的，并不是完全没有痛苦的人生就是幸福的人生（The way pe

51、ople hold to the belief that a fun-filled pain-free life equals to happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness），因此选项D符合题意。9. 单选题_ his knowledge and academic background, he is basically stupid.问题1选项A.But forB.According toC.For allD.Thanks to【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。but for “要不是；如

52、果没有”；according to “根据，依据”；for all “尽管，虽然”；thanks to “由于，幸亏”。句意：尽管他知识渊博，也受过教育，但本质上是愚蠢的。选项C符合题意。10. 单选题_ conflict among city-states caused the eventual decline of Greek civilization.问题1选项A.ContinuousB.ContinualC.ConstantD.Contrary【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。continuous “连续的，持续的”，中间没有间断；continual “持续不断的；频繁的”，中间可

53、能有间断；constant “不变的；恒定的；经常的”；contrary “相反的，对立的”。句意：城邦之间持续不断的冲突最终导致了希腊文明的衰落。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题When Mr. Simpson went to apply for a in the office of a local newspaper, he was told to see the manager.问题1选项A.careerB.positionC.professionD.location【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Career “事业”；position “职位”；profession “职业，专业”

54、；location “位置，地点”。句意：当辛普森先生去当地一家报纸寻求职位时，他被告知去见经理。选项B符合题意。12. 单选题Competition, many people believe, the national character rather than corrupt it.问题1选项A.enforcesB.confirmsC.intensifiesD.strengthens【答案】D【解析】than决定了这里的corrupt(腐坏，破坏)与空格处的词相对，所以空白处应填入D，表示“加强”的意思。句意：很多人相信竞争会加强民族性格而不是破坏它。13. 填空题The Food and

55、 Drug Administration on Friday proposed two important rules _1_ at preventing the contamination of produce and processed foods. The _2_ rule represent a sea change in the way the agency polices food, a process that currently _3_ taking action after contamination has been identified.Changes include r

56、equirements for better record keeping, contingency （应急的）plans for handling outbreaks and measures that would prevent the spread of contamination in the first place. While food producers would have latitude in 4 how to execute the rules, farmers would have to ensure that water used in irrigation meet

57、 certain standards and food _5_ need to find ways to keep fresh that may contain bacteria from coming into _6_ with food that has been cooked. New safety measures might include requiring that farm workers wash their hands, _7_ portable toilets in fields and ensuring that foods should be cooked at te

58、mperatures high enough to kill bacteria.Whether consumers will _8_ bear some of the expenses of the new rules was unclear, the agency estimated that the proposals would cost food producers tens of thousands of dollars a year. President Obama requested $220 million in his 2013 _9_, but Dr. Margaret H

59、amburg, commissioner of the F. D. A, said “resources remain an ongoing concern.” Nonetheless, agency officials were _10_ that the new rules would protect consumers better.【答案】1.A 2.N 3.H 4. F 5.M 6.D 7.G 8.O 9.C 10.I【解析】1.根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：美国食品和药物管理局在周五提出了两项重要规定，_防止生产和加工食品的污染。从选项中的动词可以判断aim针对

60、、目的在于符合句意，aim at为固定搭配。2. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入形容词。由上文内容“proposed two important rules ”可判断空格部分“The _rule”。从选项中的形容词可以判断 proposed 被提议的、建议的符合句意。3. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：这项规定标志着该机构监管食品的方式发生了巨大变化，目前这一过程_在确定污染后采取行动。从选项中的动词可以判断involve包含符合句意，involve doing sth包含。4. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：食品生产商可以自由_如何执行这些规定。

61、从选项中的动词可以判断determine决定符合句意。5. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入名词。由上文内容“While food producers would have”可判断空格部分“food _”。句意为：食品_需要找到保持新鲜的方法。从选项中的名词可以判断producers生产者、制造者符合句意。6. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意为：食品生产商需要找到保持新鲜的方法，防止可能含有细菌的食品_煮熟的食品。从选项中的动词可以判断contact接触符合题意，come into contact with和接触、接触到。7. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入动词。句意

62、为：新的安全措施可能包括要求农场工人洗手，在田地里_便携的洗手间，确保食物在足够高的温度下烹饪以杀死细菌。从选项中的动词可以判断install安装符合句意。8. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入副词。句意为：消费者_是否会承担新规定的部分费用尚不清楚。从选项中的动词可以判断ultimately最后、最终符合句意。9. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入名词。句意为：奥巴马总统在2013年的_中要求2.2亿美元。这里提到金额，因此从选项中的名词可以判断budget预算符合句意。10. 根据句意和句子结构可以分析空格处填入形容词。由Nonetheless尽管如此可以判断空格部分需要填入一个与前文相反的态度，从选项中的动词可以判断optimistic乐观的符合句意。14. 单选题Iceland lies far north in the Atlantic, with its northern most tip actually the Arctic Circle.问题1选项A.touchedB.touchingC.being touchedD.touches【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据前半部分内容可知句子已经有谓语部分，因此空格处不可能再出现谓语形式，因