2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第7期

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1、2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Life is full of perils, but the wise man ignores those that are _.问题1选项A.ineluctableB.inevitableC.unessentialD.unforgettable【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 ineluctable“不可避免的；无法逃避的”；B选项 inevitable “必然的；无法避免的”；C选项 unessential“非本质的”；D选项 unforgettable“难忘的”。句意：生活充满了危险，但聪明的人会

2、忽略这些危险。“ineluctable”和 “inevitable”都有“无法避免”意思，但是 “inevitable” 所形容的事件存在着必然性。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题Fortune-tellers are good at making _ statements such as “Your sorrows will change”.问题1选项A.philosophicalB.ambiguousC.literalD.invalid【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 philosophical “哲学的（等于philosophic）；冷静的”；B选项 ambiguous“模糊不清

3、的，模棱两可的；不明确的，不明朗的；引起歧义的”；C选项 literal “文字的；逐字的；无夸张的”；D选项 invalid “无效的；有病的；残疾的”。句意：算命的人擅长说一些模棱两可的话，比如“你的悲伤会变的”。根据句意，B选项正确。3. 单选题The Spanish team, who are not in superb form, will be doing their best next week to revenge themselves on the German team for last years defeat.问题1选项A.retaliateB.recoverC.rep

4、elD.defend【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 retaliate “报复”；B选项 recover “恢复；弥补；重新获得”；C选项 repel “击退；抵制；使厌恶；使不愉快”；D选项 defend“辩护；防护”。句意：目前状态不佳的西班牙队将在下周全力以赴，为去年的失利向德国队报仇。结合此处关键词 revenge “报复；替报仇；洗雪”，得知A选项正确。4. 单选题In many countries now, smoking is not _ in public places.问题1选项A.permissiveB.permutableC.perniciousD.permi

5、ssible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项permissive“宽容的”；B选项 permutable “可排列的；能交换的”； C选项 pernicious“ 有害的；恶性的；致命的；险恶的”；D选项 permissible“可允许的；获得准许的”。句意：在许多国家，吸烟在公共场所是不。结合句意，A，B，C选项可以排除，D选项permissible（可允许的；获得准许的）最符合语意，吸烟在公众场合是不被允许的，因此选项D正确。5. 单选题The man had either to leave the country immediately or to surrender him

6、self to the enemy and had no other choice.问题1选项A.alternativeB.hopeC.resourceD.approach【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项alternative“二中选一；供替代的选择 ”；B选项hope“希望”；C选项resource“资源”；D选项 approach“方式”。句意：这个人要么立即离开这个国家，要么向敌人投降，结合此处关键短语leave the country（离开这个国家）以及surrender himself to the enemy（向敌人投降），可推测他是在两者之间进行选择，由此得知A选项正确

7、。6. 单选题A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the_ shadows of our unconscious desires and fears.问题1选项A.disclosedB.createdC.disguisedD.distinguished【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项disclosed “揭露的”；B选项 created “创造的”；C选项 disguised “伪装的”；D选项 distinguished “辨别的”。句意：一个世纪前，弗洛伊德阐述了革命

8、性的理论，即梦是人们潜意识中欲望和恐惧后的预示。A选项disclosed（揭露的）不符合题意，可排除。B选项created （创造的）不符合题意，可排除。C选项正确。7. 单选题In _ times human beings did not travel for pleasure but to find a more favorable climate.问题1选项A.primeB.primitiveC.primaryD.preliminary【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 prime “主要的；最好的；基本的”；B选项 primitive “原始的，远古的；简单的，粗糙的”；C选

9、项 primary “主要的；初级的；基本的”；D选项 preliminary “初步的；开始的；预备的”。句意：在原始时代，人类旅行不是为了娱乐，而是为了寻找更适宜的气候。因此B选项正确。8. 单选题The shell-covered animals without backbones have a nasty tendency to devour their neighbors.问题1选项A.developB.endeavorC.deludeD.consume【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 develop“开发；进步；使成长”；B选项 endeavor “努力；尽力”；C选项

10、delude“欺骗；哄骗；诱惑”；D选项consume“消耗，消费；着迷”。句意：这些没有脊骨、壳覆盖的动物有一种令人讨厌的倾向，它们会吃掉它们的邻居。根据此处关键词their neighbors（他们的邻居）可排除A选项及B选项，C选项delude（欺骗）主要侧重于虚伪的意见或信念欺骗，因此也可排除。结合语境，得知D选项正确。9. 单选题The historic meeting of the presidents of these two countries will greatly promote _ relationship and cooperation at all levels.问

11、题1选项A.bilateralB.benignC.significantD.fundamental【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 bilateral “双边的；有两边的”；B选项 benign “良性的；和蔼的，亲切的；吉利的”；C选项 significant “重大的；有效的；有意义的；值得注意的；意味深长的”；D选项 fundamental “基本的，根本的”。句意：两国元首的历史性会晤将有力地推动双边的关系和各层次合作。结合句意，A为正确答案。10. 单选题Since the 1950s, conservation efforts including stricter hu

12、nting rules and measures like trapping the birds and then releasing them into healthy forests helped restore wild turkey populations.问题1选项A.protectionB.conspiracyC.compensationD.destruction【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项protection“保护；防卫；护照”；B选项 conspiracy “阴谋；共谋”；C选项compensation “补偿；报酬；赔偿金”；D选项 destruction “破

13、坏，毁灭；摧毁”。句意：自20世纪50年代以来，保护措施包括更严格的狩猎规则和诱捕火鸡然后将它们放归健康的森林等措施帮助了野生火鸡数量的恢复。结合此处关键短语 helped restore wild turkey populations（帮助恢复了野生火鸡的数量），可排除B、D选项，C选项不符合题意，也可排除，得知A选项正确。11. 单选题The acid rain attacks the leaves and _ their waxy coating.问题1选项A.resolvesB.unsolvedC.dissolvesD.shoves【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项resolves

14、 “决定；决心要做”；B选项unsolved “未解决的；未解答的”；C选项 dissolves “溶解；分解”；D选项shoves “挤；强使；撞；猛推”。句意：酸雨会侵蚀树叶，它们的蜡涂层。根据attacks the leaves （侵蚀树叶）可推测acid rain（酸雨）的危害极大，A选项resolves（决定）不符合题意，B选项unsolved（未解决的）可排除，D选项shoves（挤）不符合题意，可排除，结合此处语境，C选项正确。12. 单选题I cant _ what has happened to the vegetables, for they were freshly pi

15、cked this morning.问题1选项A.figure outB.draw outC.look outD.work out【答案】A【解析】考查词组。A选项 figure out “了解，弄清楚”；B选项 draw out “拉长”；C选项look out “留神，小心”；D选项 work out “解决出，算出”。句意：我不知道这些蔬菜怎么了，因为它们是今天早上刚摘的。结合句意，A选项正确。13. 单选题Film CriticMark Adams looks back over the last ten years of his workas a film critic for a

16、newspaper called The Front PageWriting articles about films for The Front Page was my first proper joB.Before then I had done bits of reviewing novels for other newspapers, films for a magazine and anything I was asked to do for the radio. That was how I met Tom Seaton, the first arts editor of The

17、Front Page who had also written for television. He hired me, but Tom was not primarily a journalist, or he would certainly have been more careful in choosing his staff.At first, his idea was that a team of critics should take care of the art forms that didnt require specialized knowledge: books, TV,

18、 theatre, film and radio. There would be a weekly lunch at which we would make our choices from the artistic material that Tom had decided we should cover, though there would also be guests to make the atmosphere sociable.It all felt like a bit of a dream at that time: a new newspaper, and I was one

19、 of the team. It seemed so unlikely that a paper could be introduced into a crowded market. It seemed just as likely that a millionaire wanted to help me personally, and was pretending to employ me. Such was my lack of self-confidence. In fact, the first time I saw someone reading the newspaper on t

20、he London underground, then turning to a page on which one of my reviews appeared, I didnt know where to look.Toms original scheme for a team of critics for the arts never took off. It was a good idea, but we didnt get together as planned and so everything was done by phone. It turned out, too, that

21、 the general public out there preferred to associate a reviewer with a single subject area, and so I chose film. Without Toms initial push, though, we would hardly have come up with the present arrangement, by which I write an extended weekly piece, usually on one film.The Luxury of this way of work

22、ing suits me well. I wouldnt have been interested in the more standard film critics role, which involves considering every film that comes out. Thats a routine that would make me stale in no time at all. I would soon be sinking into my seat on a Monday morning with the sigh, “What insulting rubbish

23、must I sit through now?” a style of sigh that can often be heard in screening rooms around the world.1. What do we learn about Tom Seaton from the first paragraph?2. A weekly lunch was arranged for critics to _.3. When Mark started working for The Front Page, he_.4. In the end, the organization of t

24、he team was influenced by_.5. Mark takes the new way of working as “luxury” (paragraph 5) because_.问题1选项A.He encouraged Mark to become a writerB.He had worked in various areas of the mediaC.He met Mark when working for televisionD.He prefers to employ people that he meets somewhere问题2选项A.get to know

25、 each otherB.exchange informationC.take works for new criticismD.entertain occasional visitors问题3选项A.doubted the paper would succeedB.was embarrassed at being recognizedC.felt it needed improvementD.was surprised to earn so much问题4选项A.the readers preferenceB.the availability of writersC.the pressure

26、 of timeD.the popularity of subjects问题5选项A.it enables him to play his roleB.it enables him to make a choiceC.it enables him to see the worldD.it enables him to see a lot of films【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键字the first paragraph可以定位到文章首段 “That was how I met Tom Seaton, the first art

27、s editor of The Front Page who had also written for television.”中文翻译为：我就是这样认识了汤姆西顿(Tom Seaton)的，他是纽约时报头版的第一位艺术编辑，同时也为电视撰稿。可以判断只有C项“他在为电视台工作时遇到了马克”正确。2.细节事实题。由题干关键字A weekly lunch可以定位到原文第二段 “There would be a weekly lunch at which we would make our choices from the artistic material that Tom had decide

28、d we should cover” 中文大意为：每周会有一次午餐，我们会从汤姆决定我们应该报道的艺术材料中做出选择。因此可知C选项“接受新的评论工作”正确，符合题意。3.推理判断题。由题干可定位到原文第三段 “It seemed so unlikely that a paper could be introduced into a crowded market. ”中文翻译为：一份报纸似乎不太可能被引入一个拥挤的市场。判断A选项“怀疑这份报纸能否成功”正确。4.推理判断题。由题干可定位到原文第四段“It turned out, too, that the general public out

29、 there preferred to associate a reviewer with a single subject area, and so I chose film. ”中文翻译为：结果也证明，公众更喜欢把一个评论家和一个单一的主题领域联系起来，所以我选择了电影。可知选项A“读者的偏好”正确。5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文倒数第二段 “Without Toms initial push, though, we would hardly have come up with the present arrangement, by which I write an extended

30、 weekly piece, usually on one film.” 中文翻译为：如果没有汤姆最初的推动，我们很难达成现在的安排，我每周写一篇文章，通常是关于一部电影。以及最后一段 “I wouldnt have been interested in the more standard film critics role, which involves considering every film that comes out.” 中文翻译为：我不会对更标准的影评人这个角色感兴趣，这个角色需要考虑每一部上映的电影。判断出B选项“这使他能够做出选择”符合题意。14. 单选题The choco

31、late company maintained stable sales _ and increased profits by 4.7% in the fiscal period ending in February.问题1选项A.volumesB.rowsC.dimensionsD.outputs【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 volumes “体积，容量”；B选项rows “一排，一行；一排座位；排屋，排房”；C选项 dimensions “规模，大小”；D选项outputs “输出”。句意：在2月份结账期结束巧克力公司保持稳定的销售，并增加了4.7%的利润。sales vol

32、umes为固定搭配，译为销售量，因此A选项正确。15. 单选题The protective covering of lobsters, nobody could doubt, is an adaptation evolved by Darwinian selection.问题1选项A.adjustmentB.applicationC.argumentD.assembly【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 adjustment “调整，调节；调节器”；B选项 application “应用；申请；应用程序；敷用；（对事物、学习等）投入”；C选项 argument “论证；论据；争吵；内容

33、提要；自变数；主词，受词”；D选项 assembly “装配；集会，集合；汇编，编译”。句意：毫无疑问，龙虾身上的保护层是由达尔文选择进化而来的一种适应。结合此处关键词adaptation “适应”，得知A为正确答案。16. 单选题In practice the theory often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.问题1选项A.declineB.fluctuateC.frustrateD.prosper【答案】D【解析】考查动

34、词词义辨析。A选项 decline “下降；衰落；谢绝”；B选项 fluctuate “波动；涨落；动摇”；C选项 frustrate“失败；受挫”；D选项prosper“繁荣，昌盛；成功”。句意：在实践中，这一理论往往使铁路公司处于决定哪些公司会兴旺发达、哪些会倒闭的位置。结合此处关键词fail“衰败；倒闭”，可推测前文的单词应是与之相反的词，得知D选项正确。17. 翻译题通过资料查阅、实地调研、数据分析和专家会商等途径，筛选出适用于该地区的古树健康诊断形态指标，确立各指标的分级依据，构建古树健康诊断标准，并依据该标准对滇中地区86株古树（树名暂略）的健康状况进行诊查。结果表明：古树的健康状

35、况大多为良和一般，不同树种有些许差异，其结果与古树长势强弱成正相关,能够反映古树健康的真实状况，应用效果良好。此外，对影响古树健康状况的原因进行分析，并提出相应解决方法。【答案】By means of data consulting, field research, data analysis and expert consultation, this paper screened out the diagnostic morphological indexes of ancient trees suitable for this area, established the grading b

36、asis of each index, constructed the diagnostic criteria of ancient trees health, and based on the criteria, diagnosed the health status of 86 ancient trees (tree names are temporarily abbreviated) in central Yunnan. The results showed that the health status of ancient trees was mostly good and avera

37、ge, with some differences among different tree species. The results were positively correlated with the growth strength of ancient trees, which could reflect the real health status of ancient trees, and the application effect was good. In addition, the reasons that affect the health status of ancien

38、t trees are analyzed, and corresponding solutions are put forward.18. 单选题Many scientists remain skeptical about the value of this research program.问题1选项A.consciousB.doubtfulC.noveltyD.obscure【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 conscious “意识到的；故意的；神志清醒的”；B选项 doubtful “可疑的；令人生疑的；疑心的；不能确定的”；C选项 novelty “新奇；新奇的事物；新颖

39、小巧而廉价的物品”；D选项 obscure “昏暗的，朦胧的；晦涩的，不清楚的；隐蔽的；不著名的，无名的”。句意：许多科学家对这个研究项目的价值仍持怀疑态度。结合此处关键词 skeptical “怀疑的”，得知B选项正确。19. 单选题The president of the board always gives his directions so _ that everyone can understand them.问题1选项A.simplyB.explicitlyC.largelyD.shortly【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项simply“简单地；朴素地；坦白地”；B选项

40、explicitly“明确地；明白地”；C选项 largely“主要地；大部分；大量地”；D选项 shortly“立刻；简短地；唐突地”。句意：总统总是使他的方向，让每个人都能理解他们。根据everyone can understand them.（每个人都能够理解他们），可推测，要使每个人都能理解他们，总统会让他的方向通俗易懂。结合句意，A选项正确。20. 翻译题China Dream is the guiding ideology put forward by President Xi Jinping. He believes that it is the greatest dream o

41、f the Chinese nation in modern times, and states that the dream can definitely be realizeD.The core objective of China Dream is to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. To be more specific, that is to realize national prosperity and rejuvenation, as well as the well-being of people.

42、And its fundamental requirement is to build a well-off society in an all-round way. Only when the country is developed comprehensively and scientifically, can individuals realize their dreams. Similarly, only when everyone is full of passion, can China Dream be beautiful.【答案】中国梦，是习近平主席提出的指导思想。他认为，这是近代以来中华民族最伟大的梦想，这个梦想一定能够实现。中国梦的核心目标是实现中华民族伟大复兴。具体来说，就是要实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。其根本要求是全面建设小康社会。只有国家全面科学发展，个人才能实现自己的梦想。同样，只有每个人都充满激情，中国梦才会美丽。