2022年考博英语-天津师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第40期

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1、2022年考博英语-天津师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Britains press is unusual（ ）it is divided into two very different types of newspaper.问题1选项A.in howB.in whatC.in whichD.in that【答案】C【解析】考查状语从句。空格前面为两个完整的句子，缺少连词连接，in that意为“因为，原因是”，引导原因状语从句。句意：英国的印刷业与众不同，因为它被分成两种不同类型的报纸。2. 单选题Hunting for a job late last year

2、, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the sites “personal search agent”. Its an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary then E-mails them when a ma

3、tching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D, C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. I struck gold says Redmon, who e-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a com

4、pany.With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient, Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for

5、 example, may work against you: Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility, says one expert.For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept what you think you want to do- then broaden it. None of these programs do that says another expert. theres no career counseling imp

6、licit in all of this. Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database, when you get e-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again.I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that m

7、ight interest me, says the author of a job-searching guide.Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When Career Sites agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs those it considers the best matches. Th

8、ere may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them and they do. On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic, says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for Career Site. Even those who arent hunting for jobs may find

9、 search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at Career Builder, You always keep your eyes open, he says.

10、Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.1.How did Redmon find his job?2.Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?3.The expression tip service (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means（ ）.4.Why does Career Sites agent offer each j

11、ob hunter only three job options?5.Which of the following is true according to the text?问题1选项A.By searching openings in a job database.B.By posting a matching position in a database.C.By using a special service of a database.D.By e-mailing his resume to a database.问题2选项A.Lack of counseling.B.Limited

12、 number of visits.C.Lower efficiency.D.Fewer successful matches.问题3选项A.advisoryB.compensationC.interactionD.reminder问题4选项A.To focus on better job matches.B.To attract more returning visits.C.To reserve space for more messages.D.To increase the rate of success.问题5选项A.Personal search agents are indisp

13、ensable to job-hunters.B.Some sites keep e-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.C.Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.D.Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中a job database on the In

14、ternet.“personal search agent”. Its an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database.可知Redmon是通过使用数据库的特殊服务找到工作的，因此选C。第2题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中theres no career counseling implicit in all of t

15、his（所有这些都没有隐含的职业咨询）可知选A。第3题:词义题。advisory意为“咨询，劝告”；compensation意为“补偿，赔偿”；interaction意为“互动”；reminder意为“提示”。由文章第四段中Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database, when you get e-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database

16、again.（相反，最好的策略是使用代理作为一种“tip service”，以随时了解特定数据库中的工作，当你收到电子邮件时，把它当成一个提示，该再次检查数据库了）可知D选项符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段中Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return.（一些网站设计他们的代理来吸引求职者返回）When Career Sites agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it inc

17、ludes only three potential jobs those it considers the best matches. 可知选B。第5题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段中Even those who arent hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when n

18、egotiating for a raise. Although happily employed.可知非求职人员可以利用搜索代理来关注对他们工作岗位的需求以及薪资，这对他们也是有用的，因此选C。3. 单选题Scientists have found that scents （ ）efficiency and reduce stress among office workers.问题1选项A.enhanceB.amplifyC.fosterD.magnify【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。enhance意为“提高，增加”；amplify意为“放大，扩大”；foster意为“培养”；magnif

19、y意为“放大”。句意：科学家们发现，气味能提高办公室职员的效率，减轻他们的压力。4. 单选题Human beings spend a lot of time trying to figure out what will make them happy, but not nearly enough time trying to（ ）the happiness they already have.问题1选项A.hang on toB.put up withC.look down onD.go in for【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。hang on to意为“紧紧握住”；put up with意

20、为“忍受，容忍”；look down on意为“看不起，轻视”；go in for意为“从事”。句意：人类花了很多时间试图找出什么会使他们快乐，但却没有足够的时间去尝试把握他们已经拥有的幸福。5. 单选题Studies show that the things that contribute most to a sense of happiness cannot be bought（ ）a good family life, friendship and work satisfaction.问题1选项A.as forB.in view ofC.in case ofD.such as【答案】D【

21、解析】考查介词辨析。as for意为“关于”；in view of 意为“由于，鉴于”；in case of意为“万一，如果”；such as意为“例如”。句意：研究表明，能够极大地给人幸福感的东西不能买到，例如好的家庭生活、友谊和工作满足感。6. 单选题We hope the students would （ ）the information contained in the lecture.问题1选项A.associateB.understandC.assimilateD.assess【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。associate意为“联系”；understand意为“理解”；assi

22、milate意为“吸收， 消化”；assess意为“评定”。句意：我们希望学生们能掌握讲座中保护的信息。7. 单选题The press in America is particularly important because, （1）than in any other country, it is recognized as having a responsible role to（2）in relation to one aspect of the process of government. The press（3）is an American invention, and it bega

23、n to be important（4）the form of a meeting between President and（5）in which the President（6）question. Press conferences take place all（7）the world now, but the presidential press conference is an institution（8）gives us a key（9）the special role America（10）to the press and to the newspapermen. The Brit

24、ish parliament has its question time（11）each day Members of Parliament（12）question to ministers in charge of（13）departments, and some European parliaments have something of（14）kind. There is no possibility（15）such a device in the United States Congress because heads of executive departments are not

25、members of（16）Thus the executive has no political platform（17）which to explain its（18）and give information. President Franklin Roosevelt showed the advantages of using the Press for such（19）when he called regular meetings of newspapermen（20）which he invited questions.问题1选项A.lessB.moreC.ratherD.great

26、er问题2选项A.performB.conductC.doD.make问题3选项A.sessionB.meetC.meetingD.conference问题4选项A.atB.withC.inD.for问题5选项A.ministerB.officialsC.opponentsD.journalists问题6选项A.repliedB.replied toC.answered toD.returned问题7选项A.overB.roundC.upD.though问题8选项A.whereB.whatC.whichD.it问题9选项A.forB.atC.towardsD.to问题10选项A.resigns

27、B.assignsC.designsD.assists问题11选项A.whenB.onC.forD.in问题12选项A.answerB.respondC.addressD.serve问题13选项A.executiveB.managementC.executionD.direction问题14选项A.sameB.a sameC.the sameD.the similar问题15选项A.forB.toC.aboutD.of问题16选项A.itB.themC.importanceD.significance问题17选项A.withB.throughC.forD.in问题18选项A.viewsB.po

28、intsC.standsD.locations问题19选项A.sakeB.saveC.intentionsD.purposes问题20选项A.inB.onC.atD.for【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:D第6题:B第7题:A第8题:C第9题:D第10题:B第11题:A第12题:C第13题:A第14题:C第15题:D第16题:A第17题:B第18题:A第19题:D第20题:C【解析】第1题:考查逻辑关系。由前面的“新闻在美国尤其重要”可推测此处表示比较，比在其他国家更重要，因此填more。第2题:考查固定搭配。perform a role意为“扮演角色”。第3题:考查固

29、定搭配。the press conference意为“新闻发布会，记者招待会”，后面句子也提到了Press conferences。第4题:考查固定搭配。in the form of意为“以的形式”。第5题:考查逻辑关系。根据上下文，可知此处为记者招待会，故应为总统与记者的见面，因此选D。第6题:考查动词辨析。answer作动词时，后面直接跟宾语；rely一般作不及物动词，后面接to，reply to意为“回答，答复”。第7题:考查固定搭配。all over the world意为“全世界”。第8题:考查定语从句。从句中缺少主语，先行词an institution表示物，因此用which引导定

30、语从句。第9题:考查固定搭配。a key to.意为“的关键”。第10题:考查固定搭配。assign.to意为“赋予（某功能或价值）”。第11题:考查定语从句。先行词time表示时间，因此用关系副词when引导定语从句。第12题:考查动词辨析。answer意为“答复”；respond意为“回答，响应”；address意为“对发话”；serve意为“（为）服务”。此处表示议员向行政官员发问，因此选C。第13题:考查逻辑关系。此处表示负责行政部门的部长，与后文中的heads of executive departments相对应，因此选A。第14题:考查固定搭配。same一般与定冠词the连用，t

31、he same意为“一样的”。第15题:考查介词辨析。of意为“的”，此处表示的可能性。第16题:考查逻辑关系。根据上下文可知行政部门不是United States Congress（美国国会）的成员，因此用it指代美国国会，选A。第17题:考查介词辨析。此处表示这些行政官员没有地方通过论坛的形式解释他们的观点，因此填through（通过）。第18题:考查逻辑关系。由后面的give information（提供信息）可知此处与explain views（解释观点）像对应。第19题:考查逻辑关系。此处表示利用新闻达到这样的目的，因此填purpose。第20题:考查固定搭配。空格后的which指的

32、是meeting，此处表示在会议上，总统要求大家提出问题。at the meeting意为“在会议上”。8. 翻译题Read the following text carefully and then translate it into Chinese.The United Kingdom has an extraordinarily rich and diverse artistic heritage, with British poets, playwrights, musicians, sculptors, painters and filmmakers enjoyed and admi

33、red all over the world.The United Kingdoms contributions to the visual arts are immense and then there are many traces to be found around the country, from striking architecture to paintings, ceramics and sculptures which can be easily found in our many art galleries and museums.The performing arts

34、are thriving as well. Music, theatre, filmmaking, dance and opera are all performed enthusiastically in theatres, concert halls and studios all over the country every night of the year.The richness of our cultural life is largely down to our diverse history, for many hundreds of years different race

35、s and cultures have had an influence on the United Kingdom and have consequently played a role in creating the society we live in today.【答案】英国有着及其丰富多样的艺术遗产，受人喜爱和尊敬英国诗人、剧作家、音乐家、雕塑家、画家和电影制作人遍布世界各地。英国对视觉艺术的贡献是巨大的，在全国各地有许多踪迹可寻，从引人注目的建筑到绘画、陶瓷和雕塑，在我们的许多美术馆和博物馆都很容易找到。表演艺术也蓬勃发展。音乐、戏剧、电影制作、舞蹈和歌剧每晚都在全国各地的剧院、音

36、乐厅和摄影棚中激情地演出。我们文化生活的丰富性在很大程度上取决于我们多元的历史。数百年来，不同的种族和文化对英国产生了影响，并因此在创造我们今天生活的社会中发挥了作用。9. 单选题If a girls eyes （ ）when she looks at you, it means she is interested in you.问题1选项A.glitterB.sparkleC.flashD.flicker【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。glitter意为“闪烁，闪现(某种强烈情感)”；sparkle意为“闪耀，闪烁”；flash意为“使闪光，使闪烁”，带有“兴奋、喜悦、高兴之色”，指快速地发

37、出强光；flicker意为“闪烁”，指闪出不太强的光。句意：如果一个女孩看着你，她的眼睛放光，意思是她对你感兴趣。10. 单选题In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror or the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the suns rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.According to a weather experts prediction, the atmosphe

38、re will be 3C warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming-up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temp

39、erature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of the earths chief food growing zones.In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thic

40、ker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming, in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.Satellite pictures show that large

41、 areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, theref

42、ore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have gone beyond those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and cold spots (that is,

43、 the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates, every 27. 5 days, it presents hotter or colder faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earths atmospheric pressure, and consequently

44、on wind circulation. The sun is also changeable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.Scientists are now finding shared relations between models of solar weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the la

45、st Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia of the earths climate. If this is right, the

46、 warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful opposed balance to the suns fading heat.1.It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would （ ）.2.The article was written to explain（ ）.3.Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemi

47、sphere, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is（ ）.4.On the basis of their models, scientists believe the opinion that （ ）.5.If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correct, （ ）.问题1选项A.prevent the suns rays from reaching the earths surfaceB.mean a warming-up in the ArcticC.accou

48、nt for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphereD.raise the temperature of the earths surface.问题2选项A.the greenhouse effectB.the solar effects on the earthC.the models of solar-weather interactionsD.the causes affecting weather问题3选项A.mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are risin

49、gB.possible because the ice caps in the poles are meltingC.exclusively due to the effect of the inertia of the earths climateD.partly due to variations in the output of solar energy问题4选项A.the climate of the world should be becoming coolerB.it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth

50、s climate to take effectC.the man-made warning effect helps to increase the solar effectsD.the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect问题5选项A.the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuels.B.ice would soon cover the northern hemisphere.C.the increased levels of c

51、arbon dioxide in the astrosphere could warm up the earth even more quickly.D.the greenhouse effect could work to the advantage of the earth.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。文章第一段的内容为：在大气中，二氧化碳的作用就像一面单面镜子或温室屋顶上的玻璃，它允许阳光进入，但阻止热量溢出。因此选D，在大气中二氧化碳的浓度将提高地球表面的温度。第2题:主旨大意题。文章第一段至第四段主要讲了二氧化碳对全球气候的影

52、响，最后两段主要讲了太阳活动对全球气候变暖的影响，因此选D，本文主要解释影响天气的原因。第3题:推理判断题。由文章第五段中However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling.The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?和第六段中第一句One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun（一种可能是太阳的变化

53、行为）可知选D，部分的原因是太阳活动的变化。第4题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段中The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not.（问题是，这些模型预测，世界应该进入一个新的冰河时代，但事实并非如此）可知A选项“世界气候应该变得更冷”符合题意。第5题:推理判断题。由文章最后一段中If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving

54、as a useful opposed balance to the suns fading heat.（如果这是正确的，那么二氧化碳的温室效应可以抵消太阳热量的减少）可知选B，如果关于新冰河延期的假设是正确的，那么冰很快就会覆盖北半球。11. 单选题The old lady has developed a （ ）cough which cannot be cured completely in a short time.问题1选项A.perpetualB.permanentC.chronicD.sustained【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。perpetual意为“永久地”；perman

55、ent意为“永恒的，不变的”；chronic意为“慢性的”；sustained意为“持久的，持续的”。句意：这位老太太得了一种慢性咳嗽，不能在短时间内彻底治愈。12. 单选题Among the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction. Hundreds of（1）are published every year and are read by all kinds of people. （2）, some of the most success

56、ful films of recent years have been（3）on science fiction stories.It is often thought that science fiction is a（4）new development in literature,（5）its ancestors can be found in book written hundreds of years ago. These books often（6）the presentation of some form of（7）society, a theme which is（8）often

57、 found in modern stories.Most of the classics of science fiction, （9）, have been written within the last one hundred years. Books（10）writers, such as Jules Veme and H.G. Wells, to（11）just two well-known authors, have been translation into many languages.（12）science fiction writers dont write about m

58、en from Mars or Space adventure stories. They are（13）interested in predicting the effect of technical progress（14）society and the human mind, or in（15）future worlds which are a（16）of the world（17）we live in now. （18）of this, their writing has obvious political undertones (含蓄) .In an age when scienti

59、fic fact frequently（19）science fiction, the writers may find（20）difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances.问题1选项A.stylesB.titlesC.subjectsD.topics问题2选项A.FurthermoreB.OtherwiseC.AnywayD.Evidently问题3选项A.reliedB.dependedC.basedD.focused问题4选项A.asB.whenC.soD.fairly问题5选项A.asB.whenC.butD.if问题6选项A.look

60、forB.care forC.ask forD.call for问题7选项A.societyB.idealC.futureD.end问题8选项A.yetB.alreadyC.almostD.still问题9选项A.consequentlyB.thereforeC.howeverD.moreover问题10选项A.onB.byC.aboutD.For问题11选项A.introduceB.mentionC.tellD.remind问题12选项A.AncientB.ModernC.PreviousD.Former问题13选项A.neverB.lessC.moreD.scarcely问题14选项A.onB.ofC.inD.at问题15选项A.recognizingB.imaginingC.rememberingD.adapting问题16选项A.regulationB.reactionC.reductionD.reflection问题17选项A.whichB.whereC.thereD.when问题1