2022年考博英语-厦门大学考试题库及模拟押密卷74（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-厦门大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it and this_produces artificial cold surrounding it.问题1选项A.absorptionB.transitionC.consumptionD.interaction【答案】A【解析】absorption吸收; transition过渡, 转变; consumption消费, 消耗; interaction相互作用。句意：水

2、从固体变成液体, 会吸收附近所有物质的热量, 这种吸收会在周围产生人工寒潮。选项A符合句意。2. 单选题Don Hambrick,a management professor at Penn States Smeal College of Business, says Its become much more_and a lot less fun to be an executive or director.问题1选项A.sinkingB.indifferentC.taxingD.slouching【答案】C【解析】sinking沉没; indifferent无关紧要的; taxing繁重的,

3、 费力的; slouching没精打采的, 懒散的。句意：宾夕法尼亚州Smeal大学商学院管理学教授Don Hambrick表示:“做一名主管或总监更费力，也少了许多乐趣。”选项C符合句意。3. 单选题Arriving anywhere with these possessions, he might just as easily_for a month or a year as for a single day.问题1选项A.put upB.stay upC.speed upD.make up【答案】A【解析】put up在某地投宿; stay up熬夜, 不睡觉; speedup加速; m

4、akeup组成, 化妆, 整理。句意：带着这些东西到任何地方, 他都可以轻松地住上一个月或一年, 就好像只住一天一样。选项A符合句意。4. 单选题.Any Democratic president will try to_the United States from the mess in Iraq,yet all would face rigid constraints.问题1选项A.knockoutB.distinguishC.overtureD.extricate【答案】D【解析】knockout击倒; distinguish区别,辨别; overture作动词意为建议; extrica

5、te使摆脱,解救。句意：任何一位民主党总统都将试图把美国从伊拉克的混乱中解救出来, 但所有人都将面临严格的约束。选项D符合句意。5. 单选题Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and_for us in an advanced age; and if we do not plant it while young, it will give us no shade when we grow old.问题1选项A.ingredientB.relianceC.shelterD.inclination【答案】C【解析】ingredient原

6、料, 要素; reliance信赖, 信心; shelter庇护, 避难所, 遮盖物; inclination倾向, 爱好。句意：知识是我们老年时舒适而必要的退隐之所; 如果我们年轻时不准备, 年老时就得不到它的庇护。选项C符合句意。6. 单选题Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes into contact with them. Their valuesthis cant be repeated too oftenare not necessarily our values. Physical

7、 comfort, cleanness and order are necessarily the most important things. The social services from time to time find themselves faced with a flat with decaying food covered by small worms, and an old person lying alone on bed, taking no notice of the worms. But is it interfering with personal freedom

8、 to insist that they go to live with some of their relatives so that they might be taken better care of? Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safe

9、ty of the old.Indeed, the old can be easily hurt or harmed. The body is like a car it needs more mechanical maintenance as it gets older. You can carry this comparison right through to the provision of spare parts. But never forget that such operations are painful experiences, however good the resul

10、ts. And at what point should you cease to treat the old body? Is it morally right to try to push off death by pursuing the development of drugs to excite the forgetful old mind and to activate the old body, knowing that it is designed to die? You cannot ask doctors or scientists to decide, because s

11、o long as they can see the technical opportunities, they will feel bound to give them a try on the principle that while theres life, theres hope.When you talk to the old people, however, you are forced to the conclusion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health than

12、it does on your ability to have fun.1.It is implied in Paragraph one that（ ）.2.Some social workers think that （ ） .3.In the authors opinion, （ ） .4.The word it in the last paragraph refers to （ ）.5.The author thinks that （ ）.问题1选项A.very old people enjoy living with their relativesB.social services h

13、ave nothing to do with very old peopleC.very old people would like to live alone so that they can have more personal freedomD.very old people are able to keep their rooms very clean问题2选项A.health and safety are more important than personal freedomB.personal freedom is more important than health and s

14、afetyC.old people should keep their rooms cleanD.one should not take risks of dealing with old people问题3选项A.the human body cant be compared to a carB.the older a person, the more care he needsC.too much emphasis has been put on old peoples valuesD.it is easy to provide spare parts for old people问题4选

15、项A.the conclusion you have come toB.your talk to the old peopleC.whether age is happy or unpleasantD.ones money or ones health问题5选项A.medical decisions for the old people should be left to the doctorsB.old people can enjoy a happy life only if they are very richC.the opinion that we should try every

16、means possible to save old people is doubtfulD.it is always morally right to treat old people and push off death【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知选项A和D表述错误, 选项B在文中没有提及, 只有选项C符合原文。2.根据第一段最后一句Some social workers,., think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the p

17、oint where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old.认为我们持有个人自由的概念是危险的, 因为这会给老年人的健康和安全带来严重的风险。也就是说他们认为健康和安全比自由更重要。选项A符合原文。3.根据第二段的内容, 将人的身体和汽车相比较, 汽车需要的是机械保养, 而人需要手术进行治疗, 不管结果如何如何好, 但过程是极度痛苦的。作者的潜在意思是, 人能感到疼痛, 但车却不会, 两者完全没有可比性, 所以本题选A。4.分析句子结构并结合句意可知, it指的是上句中的whether age i

18、s happy or unpleasant。所以选项C正确。5.根据第二段的最后一句You cannot ask doctors or scientists to decide,.可知选项A错误; 根据最后一段可知选项B错误; 根据第二段倒数第二句Is it morally right to.that it is designed to die?明知道这是死亡必须经历的过程, 却还是通过开发药物来激发健忘的老思想, 激活衰老的身体, 这在道德上是正确的吗?该句为反问句, 说明作者对此是持怀疑的态度, 所以选项C正确, 选项D错误。7. 单选题You invest in the equity m

19、arket to provide yourself with stream of future dividends which will hopefully _inflation.问题1选项A.outpaceB.outfaceC.outgrowD.outlaw【答案】A【解析】outpace超过速度, 赶过; outface蔑视; outgrow出生, 蜕变; outlaw将放逐, 宣布不合法。句意：投资股票市场会给自己带来未来的红利，而且它将有望赶超通货膨胀。选项A符合句意。8. 单选题It is interesting to reflect for a moment upon the di

20、fferences in the areas of moral feeling and standards in the peoples of Japan and the United States. The Americans divide these areas somewhat rigidly into spirit and flesh,the two being in opposition in the life of a human being. Ideally,spirit should prevail but all too often it is the flesh that

21、does prevail. The Japanese make no such division, at least between one as good and the other as evil. They believe that a person has two souls,each necessary. One is the gentle soul, the other is the rough soul. Sometimes the person uses his gentle soul, sometimes he must use his rough soul. He does

22、 not favor his gentle soul,neither does he fight his rough soul. Human nature in itself is good,Japanese philosophers insist,and a human being does not need to fight any part of himself. He has only to learn how to use each soul properly at the appropriate times. Virtue for the Japanese consists in

23、fulfilling ones obligations to others. Happy endings,either in life or in fiction,are neither necessary nor expected,since the fulfillment of duty provides the satisfying end, whatever the tragedy it inflicts. And duty includes a persons obligations to those who have conferred benefits upon him and

24、to himself as an individual of honor. He develops through this double sense of duty a self-discipline which is at once permissive and rigid,depending upon the area in which it is functioning.The process of acquiring this self-discipline begins in childhood. Indeed, one may say it begins at birthhow

25、early the Japanese child is given his own identity! If I were to define in a word the attitude of the Japanese toward their children I would put it in one succinct word. Love? Yes,abundance of love, warmly expressed from .the moment he is put to his mothers breast. For a mother this nursing of her c

26、hild is important psychologically.Rewards are frequent,a bit of candy bestowed at the right moment,an inexpensive toy. As time comes to enter school, however, discipline becomes firmer. To bring shame to the family is the greatest shame for the child.What is the secret of the Japanese teaching of se

27、lf-discipline? It lies, I think,in the fact that the aim of all teaching is the establishment of habit. Rules are repeated over and over,and continually practiced until obedience becomes instinctive. This repetition is enhanced by the expectation of the elders. They expect a child to obey and to lea

28、rn through obedience. The demand is gentle at first and tempered to the childs tender age. It is no less gentle as time goes on,but certainly it is increasingly inexorable.Now, far away from that warm Japanese home, I reflect upon what I learned there. What, I wonder,will take the place of the web o

29、f love and discipline which for so many centuries has surrounded the life and thinking of the people of Japan? 1.According to Japanese belief a child is born（ ） .2.The training of the Japanese child can best be described as（ ） .3.In the teaching of self-discipline the Japanese emphasize （ ） .4.The J

30、apanese idea of virtue is（ ） .5.To the Japanese,the aim of existence is（ ） .问题1选项A.basically goodB.amoral, neither good nor evilC.with two souls which are in combat with one anotherD.in sin问题2选项A.a system of rewards and punishmentsB.frequent disciplining which becomes more inexorably severe as the c

31、hild grows olderC.benevolent and indulgent during the early years,but somewhat more severe as the child grows olderD.almost entirely psychological问题3选项A.duty to ones family and relationsB.early toilet training combined with restrictive movementC.heavy external control including both verbal and physi

32、cal punishmentD.a permissive atmosphere almost until puberty问题4选项A.sublimating the rough soul to permit ascendancy of the gentle soulB.fulfilling ones obligations to othersC.doing good and avoiding evilD.being friendly and courteous to all people问题5选项A.the pursuit of happinessB.reward in the afterli

33、feC.a happy ending to ones activitiesD.fulfilling ones duty【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.根据第一段“Human nature in itself is good,Japanese philosophers insist,and a human being does not need to fight any part of himself. He has only to learn how to use each soul properly at the appropriate times.”日

34、本哲学家坚持认为, 人性本身是好的, 一个人不需要与自己的任何一部分作斗争。他只需要学习如何在适当的时候恰当地使用每一个灵魂。所以选项A符合原文。2.根据倒数第二段的最后一句“The demand is gentle at first and tempered to the childs tender age. It is no less gentle as time goes on,but certainly it is increasingly inexorable.”这种要求一开始是温和的, 根据孩子们幼小的年龄而进行调整, 随着时间的推移这种要求就不那么温和了, 可以肯定的说是越来越无

35、情了。选项C符合原文。3.本题与上一题意思相近, 这种要求一开始是温和的, 根据孩子们幼小的年龄而进行调整, 随着时间的推移这种要求就不那么温和了, 可以肯定的说是越来越无情了。选项D符合原文。4.根据第一段中提到的“Virtue for the Japanese consists in fulfilling ones obligations to others.”可知选项B符合原文。5.根据第一段的后半部分的内容可知, 对于日本人来说, 存在的目的就是履行职责。所以选项D正确。9. 单选题Business is improving but much more hard work and co

36、mmon sense will be_before any substantial profits can be realized.问题1选项A.put up withB.called forC.taken upD.gone through【答案】B【解析】put up with容忍; called for需要, 要求; taken up拿起, 占据, 开始从事; gone through经历。句意：生意正在好转, 但要想获得可观的利润, 还需要做更多的工作和了解更多的常识。选项B符合句意。10. 单选题In 1914, an apparently insignificant event in

37、 a remote pan of Eastern Europe_Europe into a great war.问题1选项A.pitchedB.imposedC.insertedD.plunged【答案】D【解析】pitched倾斜; 投掷; imposed强加的; inserted插入; plunged投入, 陷入。句意：1914年, 东欧一个偏远地区发生的一件显然无关紧要的事件使欧洲陷入了一场大战。选项D符合句意。11. 单选题To give you a general idea of our products, we enclose the catalogues showing vari

38、ous products handled by us with detailed_and means of packing.问题1选项A.specimensB.inspectionsC.samplesD.specifications【答案】D【解析】specimens样本; inspections视察, 检查; samples样品; specifications规格, 规范。句意：为了使您对我们的产品有一个大致的了解, 随函附上我方经营的各种产品的目录, 以及详细的规格和包装方法。选项D更符合句意。12. 单选题Many of the conditions that_population pr

39、essuresovercrowding, unemployment, poverty, hunger and illnesslead to dissatisfaction.问题1选项A.bring forwardB.give rise toC.feed up withD.result from【答案】D【解析】bring forward提出, 提供; give rise to引起, 导致, 使发生; feed up with使对厌烦; result from起因于, 由造成。句意：过度拥挤、失业、贫穷、饥饿和疾病等诸多情况都是由人口压力造成的, 从而导致了不满。选项D符合句意。13. 单选题E

40、xactly how many people experience stress-related eating isnt known,but as the obesity_worsens,theres growing scientific interest in the topic.问题1选项A.peregrinationB.originationC.epidemicD.fragrance【答案】C【解析】peregrination游历, 旅行; origination起源; epidemic（风尚等的）流行, 传染病; fragrance芬芳, 香气。句意：到底有多少人经历过在压力下进食还不

41、清楚, 但是随着肥胖的流行越来越严重, 人们对这个话题的科学兴趣也越来越大。选项C符合句意。14. 单选题Mark Moore, director of the Northwest Weather,warned skiers of the deadly avalanches that have_ the mountains of Washington state,killing nine people.问题1选项A.pummeledB.elaboratedC.executedD.alleged【答案】A【解析】pummel击, 打; elaborate详细描述; execute执行, 处死;

42、allege宣称,断言。句意：西北气象局局长Mark Moore警告滑雪者, 致命的雪崩袭击了华盛顿州的山区, 造成9人死亡。选项A符合句意。15. 单选题In fact,the country has exhibited considerable flexibility, relaxing its position on many_issues,including agricultural subsidies.问题1选项A.surpassingB.commodiousC.contentiousD.judicable【答案】C【解析】surpassing胜过的, 优秀的; commodious

43、宽敞的, 方便的; contentious有争议的, 诉讼的; judicable 应受审判的。句意：事实上, 该国表现出相当大的灵活性, 在包括农业补贴在内的许多有争议的问题上放松了立场。选项C符合句意。16. 写作题Universities should require every student to take some courses outside his or her field of study because acquiring knowledge of different academic fields is the best way to become truly educ

44、ated.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?You should write at least 250 words.You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.【答案】University is such a place where one can get knowledge needed in life. After

45、 entering university, every student is asked to choose a specific major, and then study courses within the restricted field. However, if a student wants to be truly educated, he should take some courses outside his field of study for acquiring knowledge of different academic fields is the best way t

46、o become truly educated. For me, I prefer to choose a wide range subjects in college and the following reasons explain my opinion.First and foremost, the ultimate goal of college education is to train qualified talents for our countrys modernization. With the development of social technology, requir

47、ements of each position are becoming high and high. Knowledge of one single major cannot satisfy most positions requirement and the information of many other aspects is needed. So students should study courses related to the industry they may be engaged in, making a good preparation for their future

48、 development. Moreover, college is not only a training camp for jobs, but also a platform for students comprehensive development. There is no doubt that learning different courses will make students much more excellent. So every university should offer the students a variety of courses so that the s

49、tudents have the opportunity to contact different fields. Last but not the least, general courses are benefit for students who dont know their interests or who do not have interests at present. Different courses would inspire students interests in a certain subject.In spite of the reasons above, how

50、ever, taking too many courses outside their own fields may also distract college students from their own major study. To sum up, universities should try to offer enough chances for students to touch courses outside the students major, the decision should be fallen to students themselves.17. 单选题Despi

51、te almost universal_of the vital importance of womens literacy, education remains a dream for far many women in far too many countries of the world.问题1选项A.confessionB.identificationC.acknowledgementD.compliment【答案】C【解析】confession忏悔, 供认；identification鉴定, 识别；acknowledgement承认, 认知；compliment恭维, 称赞。句意：尽

52、管几乎普遍承认妇女识字的至关重要性, 但对世界上许多国家的许多妇女来说, 教育仍然是一个梦想。选项C符合句意。18. 单选题Although he had done many great things,he never felt it necessary to_his achievements.问题1选项A.lavishB.extravertC.imposeD.vaunt【答案】D【解析】lavish浪费, 慷慨给予; extravert使思想外倾; impose征税,强加; vaunt自夸，吹嘘。句意：虽然他做了许多伟大的事情，但他从不觉得有必要夸耀自己的成就。选项D符合句意。19. 单选题

53、Pick a disease at random, and the chances are that females and males will handle the pain_with it differently.问题1选项A.connectedB.combinedC.associatedD.compared【答案】A【解析】connect连接, 联合; combine使联合, 使结合; associate联想，使联合； compare比较, 匹敌。句意：随机选择一种疾病，很可能女性和男性会以不同的方式处理与之相关的疼痛。选项A符合句意。20. 单选题In the Spring Export Commodities Fair the_of fine china attracted much attention of easterners from all over the world.问题1选项A.successionB.arrayC.stringD.cluster【答案】C【解析】succession继承权; array排列, 布局; string系列, 一串; cluster群, 簇。句意：在春季出口商品交易会上, 一系列精美的瓷器吸引了来自世界各地的东方人的目光。选项C符合句意。