2022年考博英语-通用考博英语考试题库及模拟押密卷8（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-通用考博英语考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.They form the basis on which he builds his theory of love.B.They were carried out over a period of some thirty years.C.They were done by his former colleague at Yale.D.They are focused mor

2、e on attraction than love.问题2选项A.The relationship cannot last long if no passion is involved.B.It is not love if you dont wish to maintain the relationship.C.Romance is just impossible without mutual understanding.D.Intimacy is essential but not absolutely indispensable to love.18.问题3选项A.Whether it

3、is true love without commitment.B.Which of them is considered most important.C.How the relationship is to be defined if any one is missing.D.When the absence of any one doesnt affect the relationship.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C【解析】Recording OneOkay. So lets get started. And to start things off I think what

4、we need to do is consider a definition. Im going to define what love is but then 16 most of the experiments Im going to talk about are really focused more on attraction than love. And Im going to pick a definition from a former colleague, Robert Sternberg, who is now the dean at Tufts University but

5、 was here on our faculty at Yale for nearly thirty years. And he has a theory of love that argues that its made up of three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment, or what is sometimes called decision commitment. And these are relatively straightforward. He argued that you dont have love if y

6、ou dont have all three of these elements. Intimacy is the feeling of closeness, of connectedness with someone, of bonding. Operationally, you could think of intimacy as you share secrets, you share information with this person that you dont share with anybody else. Okay. Thats really what intimacy i

7、s, the bond that comes from sharing information that isnt shared with other people. The second element is passion. Passion is the drive that leads to romance. You can think of it as physical attraction. And Sternberg argues that this is a required component of a love relationship. The third element

8、of love in Sternbergs theory is what he calls decision commitment, the decision that one is in a love relationship, the willingness to label it as such, and a commitment to maintain that relationship at least for some period of time. 17 Sternberg would argue its not love if you dont call it love and

9、 if you dont have some desire to maintain the relationship. So if you have all three of these, intimacy, passion and commitment, in Sternbergs theory you have love. 18 Now whats interesting about the theory is what do you have if you only have one out of three or two out of three? What do you have a

10、nd how is it different if you have a different two out of three? Whats interesting about this kind of theorizing is it gives rise to many different combinations that can be quite interesting when you break them down and start to look at them carefully. So what Ive done is Ive taken Sternbergs three

11、elements of love, intimacy, passion and commitment, and Ive listed out the different kinds of relationships you would have if you had zero, one, two or three out of the three elements.16. What does the speaker say about most of the experiments mentioned in his talk?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问关于演讲中提到的大多数实验，说话者说

12、了什么? 录音开头提到说话者要给爱下定义，接下来指出将要谈论的大多数实验实际上更多地聚焦于吸引力而不是爱。D选项“更多地聚焦于吸引力而不是爱”是录音原文的复现，因此正确。A选项“它们形成了他建立爱的理论的基础”在录音中并没有提及；B选项“它们实施了大约三十年了”，利用录音中的thirty years设置的干扰项，录音中说的是说话人的同事在耶鲁工作了近30年，并不是说实验实施了大约30年；C选项“是他在耶鲁大学的前同事做的”录音中确实提到了说话人以前的同事，但并没有信息表明这些实验是他在耶鲁的前同事做的， 因此C选项排除。17. What does Robert Sternberg argue

13、about love?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问Robert Sternberg对爱有什么看法？录音提到在Sternberg的理论中，爱的第三个要素就是他所说的决定承诺。他主张，如果你不把它称之为爱，如果你没有想要维持这段关系的想法，那就不是爱。B选项中的wish to是对录音原文中have some desire to的同义替换，因此B选项“如果你不想维持这段关系，那就不是爱”正确。A选项“如果没有激情，这段关系就不会长久”这一信息在录音中并没有提及；C选项“没有相互理解，不可能有浪漫”中并没有提及mutual understanding（相互理解）；D选项“对于爱来讲，亲密是基本的，

14、但并非绝对必要”，根据Sternberg的理论，爱的三要素就包括intimacy，因此D选项不正确。18. What question does the speaker think is interesting about Sternbergs three elements of love?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问关于Sternberg的爱情三要素，说话者认为哪个问题很有趣？录音最后提到，根据Sternberg的理论，如果你拥有了亲密、激情和承诺这三个要素，你就拥有了爱。但现在关于这个理论有趣的问题是，如果你只拥有三个中的一个或两个的话，那你拥有的是什么呢？也就是说，如果其中任何一个要

15、素缺失，那么该如何定义这段关系？C选项与原文表述相符，因此正确。A选项“没有承诺是否是真正的爱”，这一问题，Sternberg已经给出明确的答案：没有承诺就不是真正的爱，因此A选项可排除；B选项“哪一个被认为是最重要的”并不是说话者认为很有趣的问题；D选项“当缺少了任何一个要素，都不会影响这段关系”与录音表述不符，因此可排除。2. 单选题Ringing church bells sets up _ in the Alpine valleys.问题1选项A.resonanceB.forestsC.church buildingD.priests【答案】A【解析】resonance共鸣, 反响;

16、priests牧师, 神父。句意：教堂的钟声在阿尔卑斯山谷中回荡。选项A正确。3. 单选题The boy has learned from fairy stories that what at first seems a（ ）, threatening figure can magically change into a most helpful friend.问题1选项A.benevolentB.repulsiveC.compulsiveD.imperative【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。benevolent “仁慈的，慈善的”；repulsive “令人厌恶的，冷淡的”；compul

17、sive “强制的，强迫的”；imperative “必要的，紧要的”。句意：男孩从童话故事里知道那些第一眼看起来令人厌恶的并且危险的人物会魔法般地变成一个最有用的朋友。选项B符合题意。4. 单选题Fashion is something we deal with every day. Even people who say they dont care what they wear choose clothes every morning then say a lot about them and how they feel that day.One certain thing in the

18、 fashion world is change. We are constantly being showered with new fashion ideas from music, videos, books, and television. Movies also have a big impact on what people wear. Ray-Ban sold more sunglasses after the movie Men in Black. Sometimes a fashion is worldwide. Back in the 1950s, teenagers ev

19、erywhere dressed like Elvis Presley.Fashion and styles reveal what groups people are in, but they also create stereotypes and distance between groups. For instance, a businessman might look at a boy with green hair and piercings as an outsider. But to another person, he dresses a certain way to deli

20、ver the message of rebellion and separation, but within that group the look is uniform. The acceptance or rejection of a style is a reaction to the society we live in.Fashion is a language which tells a story about the person who wears it. “Clothes create wordless means of communication that we all

21、understand,” according to Katherine Hamnett, a top British fashion designer. Hamnett became popular when her T-shirts with large messages like “Choose Life” were worn by several rock bands.Fashion is an endless popularity contest. High fashion is the style of a small group of men and women with a ce

22、rtain taste and authority in the fashion world. People of wealth and position, buyers for major department stores,editors and writers for fashion magazines are all part of high fashion. Some of these expensive and often artistic fashions may triumph and become the fashion for the larger majority. Mo

23、st stay on the runway.Popular fashions are close to impossible to trace. No one can tell how the short skirts and boots worn by teenagers in England in 1960 made it to the runways of Paris or how blue jeans became so popular in the U. S., or how hip-hop made it from the street of Bronx to the fashio

24、n shows of London and Milan.“In the perspective of costume history,it is plain that the dress of any given period is exactly suited to the actual climate of the time.” according to James Laver,a noted English costume historian. How did bell-bottom jeans fade into the designer jeans and boots look of

25、 the 1980s into the baggy look of the 1990s? Nobody really knows.1.According to the second paragraph, the example that teenagers everywhere dressed like Elvis Presley in the 1950s shows that（ ）2.A boy with green hair and multiple piercings （ ） .3.Which of the following is not included among popular

26、fashions?4.Which of the following is not true of fashion in terms of this passage?问题1选项A.there is constant change in the fashion worldB.stars set world-wide trends in fashionC.fashion is something we deal with every dayD.teenagers can show themselves off with what they are wearing问题2选项A.might be loo

27、ked down upon by a businessmanB.delivers the message of rebellion and separation to all the peopleC.manages to reveal that his style is uniqueD.might be accepted by some people in the society问题3选项A.Short boots.B.Baggy skirts.C.Hip-hop.D.Bell-bottom jeans.问题4选项A.People can get some ideas of a person

28、by the fashion he wears.B.Most of expensive and artistic fashions fail to be popular with common people.C.The fashion world is characterized by constant changes.D.Popular fashions are of great help to trace costume history.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】1. According to the second paragraph,

29、 the example that teenagers everywhere dressed like Elvis Presley in the 1950s shows that _. 1. 根据第二段，20世纪50年代各地的青少年都穿得像猫王一样的例子表明_。A. there is constant change in the fashion world A. 时尚界一直在变化B. stars set world-wide trends in fashion B. 明星引领全球时尚潮流C. fashion is something we deal with every day C. 时尚是我

30、们每天都要面对的事情D. teenagers can show themselves off with what they are wearing D. 青少年可以通过他们的穿着来炫耀自己【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】由题干的关键词Elvis Presley定位到第二段“时尚界有一件事是肯定的，那就是变化。我们不断从音乐、视频、书籍和电视中获得新的时尚理念。电影对人们的穿着也有很大的影响。黑衣人上映后，雷朋太阳镜销量增加。有时候一种时尚是世界性的。20世纪50年代，世界各地的青少年都穿得像猫王。”，这一段是说时尚的三个特点，变化，电影的影响，世界性；猫王是美国著名摇滚明星，他的例子放在第三

31、个，举例说明明星的影响可以让全世界的人都追求同一种时尚。B项“明星引领全球时尚潮流”正确。【干扰项排除】A项“时尚界一直在变化”在第二段第一句提到“时尚界有一件事是肯定的，那就是变化”，结合解题思路可知，与题干无关，张冠李戴；C项“时尚是我们每天都要面对的事情”在第一段第一句提到“时尚是我们每天都要面对的事情”，也与题干无关，张冠李戴；D项“青少年可以通过他们的穿着来炫耀自己”在原文没有相关表述，无中生有。第2题:2.【选项释义】2. A boy with green hair and multiple piercings _. 2. 一个长着绿色头发、穿了多个洞的男孩_。A. might b

32、e looked down upon by a businessman A. 可能会被商人看不起B. delivers the message of rebellion and separation to all the people B. 向所有人传达叛逆和离间的信息C. manages to reveal that his style is unique C. 成功地展示了他的独特风格D. might be accepted by some people in the society D. 可能会被社会上一些人接受【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干可定位到第三段中间两句“一个商人可

33、能会把一个长着绿色头发和穿洞的男孩看作局外人。但对另一个人来说，他的着装方式传达了反叛和分离的信息，在这个群体中，他的着装是一致的。”，可知，留着绿色头发和身上多处穿孔的男孩不被商人所接纳，但对于另一些人来说，他用这样的方法表达他的叛逆和隔离，在这个群体里大家和他都一样。也就是说即使怪异也会被另一些人所接受，D选项“可能会被社会上一些人接受”符合原文。【干扰项排除】A项“可能会被商人看不起”中的look down upon（看不起）与原文中的as an outsider（看作局外人）不符合，曲解原文；B项“向所有人传达叛逆和离间的信息”由第三段倒数第二句的to another person（对

34、另一个人）可知，是对少数人即能理解这种穿着的人才能传递出反叛和分离的信息，该项曲解原文；C项“成功地展示了他的独特风格”没有原文依据，无中生有。第3题:3.【选项释义】3. Which of the following is not included among popular fashions? 3. 下列哪一种不属于流行时尚？A. Short boots. A. 短靴。B. Baggy skirts. B. 宽松的裙子。C. Hip-hop. C. 嘻哈风格。D. Bell-bottom jeans. D. 喇叭牛仔裤。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据选项内容可定位到倒数第二段第二句

35、“没有人能说出1960年英国青少年穿的短裙和靴子是如何在巴黎的跑道上流行的，或者牛仔裤是如何在美国如此流行的，或者嘻哈是如何从布朗克斯的街头流行到伦敦和米兰的时装秀的”，从中可知，只有B选项“宽松的裙子”在文中没有提及。【干扰项排除】A项“短靴”和C项“嘻哈风格”根据解题思路可知，这两项属于流行时尚，反向干扰；D项“喇叭牛仔裤”在最后一段倒数第二句提到“喇叭裤（bell-bottom jeans）是如何从20世纪80年代的设计师牛仔裤和靴子风格变成90年代的宽松风格的呢？”，可知该项也属于流行时尚，反向干扰。第4题:4.【选项释义】4. Which of the following is no

36、t true of fashion in terms of this passage? 4. 就这篇文章而言，下列哪一项关于时尚是不正确的？A. People can get some ideas of a person by the fashion he wears. A. 人们可以通过一个人的穿着来了解他。B. Most of expensive and artistic fashions fail to be popular with common people. B. 大多数昂贵而有艺术感的时装并没有受到普通人的欢迎。C. The fashion world is characteri

37、zed by constant changes. C. 时尚界的特点是不断变化。D. Popular fashions are of great help to trace costume history. D. 流行时装对追溯服装历史有很大帮助。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据倒数第二段第一句“时尚流行几乎不可能被追踪（Popular fashions are close to impossible to trace）”，可知，时尚流行几乎不能被追踪，那就是说流行时装不可能对溯源服装历史有帮助，D选项“流行时装对追溯服装历史有很大帮助”与原文的表述意义相反。故该题选择D项正确。【干扰项

38、排除】A项“人们可以通过一个人的穿着来了解他”在第三段第一句话有提到“时尚和风格揭示了人们属于哪个群体”，可知该项符合原文，属于反向干扰；B项“大多数昂贵而有艺术感的时装并没有受到普通人的欢迎”根据第五段最后两句“其中一些昂贵的艺术时尚可能会成功，成为大多数人的时尚。大多数都留在T台上了。”，可知该项符合原文，属于反向干扰；C项“时尚界的特点是不断变化”根据第二段的第一句“时尚界有一件事是肯定的，那就是变化”，可知该项符合原文，属于反向干扰。5. 单选题Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.问题1选

39、项A.When luck plays a role.B.Whether practice makes perfect.C.What determines success.D.How important natural talent is.问题2选项A.It knocks at your door only once in a while.B.It means being good at seizing opportunities.C.It is something that no one can possibly create.D.It comes naturally out of ones

40、self-confidence.问题3选项A.Practice is essential to becoming good at something.B.One should always be ready to seize opportunities.C.One must have natural talent to be successful.D.Luck rarely contributes to a persons success.问题4选项A.People who love what they do care little about money.B.Being passionate

41、 about work can make one wealthy.C.Putting time and effort into fun things is profitable.D.People in need of money work hard automatically.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B【解析】Conversation TwoW: I have many Business English students. 5 When I teach the classroom, we often end up talking about things like suc

42、cess and what leads to success. And its interesting that many of them mention the element of luck.M: Right.W: Luck is important to success. But since youve seen that fantastic video on the Ted talks website by Richard St. John, he doesnt mention luck at all.M: Well, Im a firm believer that people ca

43、n make their own luck. I mean what people regard as luck, you can actually create to a degree.W: Sure. 6 I think a lot of what people consider luck is attributed to how you respond to the opportunities that come your way.M: Yes, very good point.W: 6 Seizing the opportunities. But was there any point

44、 in the video that you thought was particularly interesting?M: Yes, actually there was. Something very impressive to me is many people think that luck is important and that natural talent is something you must have in order to be successful. 7 And in the video we saw, the point about getting good at

45、 something is not about having some natural talent, its all about practice, practice, practice.W: Definitely yeah. Natural talent helps in some way. But at the end of the day, you really do need to work hard and get really, really good at what you do.M: Sure.W: I thought one interesting thing in the

46、 video was the idea of passion being so important and that people who really love what they do. Of course youre going to want to work harder and put the time and effort into it. 8 And the funny thing is that if you love what you do and are really passionate about it and work really hard, the money k

47、ind of comes automatically.5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问说话者主要在谈论什么？录音开头，女士就提到她在教学课堂上经常会讨论“成功”这个话题以及什么因素导致了成功。由此可知C选项“什么决定了成功”正确。A选项“幸运什么时候发挥作用”，录音只是提及幸运对于成功的作用，并没有提及什么时候发挥作用，因此可排除；B选项“是否熟能生巧”和D选项“个人天赋如何重要”在录音中虽有提及，但都不是说话人谈论的主要内容，因此也可排除。6. What is the womans view of l

48、uck?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问女士是如何看待运气的？录音中，女士提到运气对成功来说是很重要，但是否有运气其实主要是看我们能否把握机会。B选项“运气意味着善于把握机会”符合录音原文，因此正确。A选项“幸运有时会自己找上门”和D选项“幸运自然来自于一个人的自信”在录音中均没有信息提及。C选项“幸运是任何人都不可能创造出来的”，录音中，男士提到一定程度上幸运是需要我们自己创造的，女士对此表示认同，因此C选项错误。7. What is the chief point the Ted talks video makes?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问Ted演讲视频的要点是什么？录音中，男士提

49、到，Ted演讲视频里强调一个人是否擅长做某事并不是取决于其个人天赋，而是要靠不断地练习。因此A选项“要想擅长某件事，练习是必不可少的”正确。B选项“一个人应该随时准备抓住机会”在录音中是女士所提出的观点，并不是Ted演讲视频的要点，因此不正确；C选项“一个人必须拥有天赋才能获得成功”与Ted演讲视频里强调的内容不符，因此可排除；D选项“运气很难促进一个人的成功”录音中女士提到，Richard St. John在Ted演讲网站上的精彩视频，他一点都没提到运气。因此D选项也不正确。8. What does the woman think is the funny thing in the Ted

50、talks video?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问女士认为Ted演讲视频中最有趣的事情是什么？录音最后，女士说她认为视频演讲内容中有一点很有趣：若一个人喜欢他所做的事情，对所从事的工作抱有热情，并努力做好工作，那金钱自然就会来。B选项中的passionate about.为录音原词复现，wealthy对应录音中的money. comes。因此B选项“对工作的热情可以使人富有”正确。A选项“热爱工作的人不太关心金钱”；C选项“把时间与精力投放在有趣的事情上是有利可图的”和 D选项“需要钱的人会自动努力工作”均不正确。6. 单选题Questions 12 to 15 are based on

51、 the passage you have just heard.问题1选项A.The recent finding of a changed gene in obese mice.B.A breakthrough in understanding gene modification.C.A newly discovered way for people to lose weight.D.The self-repairing ability of a gene in obese mice.问题2选项A.It renders an organism unable to fight disease

52、s.B.It prevents the mices fatty tissues from growing.C.It helps organisms adapt to environmental changes.D.It renders mice unable to sense when to stop eating.问题3选项A.Human beings have more obesity genes than most mice do.B.Half of a persons total weight variation can be controlled.C.People are born

53、with a tendency to have a certain weight.D.The function of the obesity genes is yet to be explored.问题4选项A.The worsening of natural environment.B.The abundant provision of rich foods.C.The accelerated pace of present-day life.D.The adverse impact of the food industry.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B【解析】Passa

54、ge Two12 Public interest was aroused by the latest discovery of a changed gene in obese mice. The news was made known by Rockefeller University geneticist Jeffrey Friedman. The researchers believe this gene influences development of a hormone that tells organism how fat or full it is. 13 Those with

55、the changed gene may not sense when they have eaten enough or if they have sufficient fatty tissue, and thus cant tell when to stop eating.The researchers also reported finding a gene nearly identical to the mouse obesity gene in humans. The operation of this gene in humans has not yet been demonstr

56、ated, however. 14 Still, professionals like University of Vermont psychologist Esther Rothblum reacted enthusiastically, “This research indicates that people really are born with a tendency to have a certain weight, just as they are to have a particular skin color or height.”Actually, behavioral gen

57、eticists believe that less than half of the total weight variation is programmed in the genes, while height is almost entirely genetically determined. Whatever role genes play, Americans are getting fatter. A survey by the Center for Disease Control found that obesity has increased greatly over the

58、last 10 years. 15 Such rapid change underlines the role of environmental factors like the abundance of rich foods in Americans overeating. The Center for Disease Control has also found that teens are far less physically active than they were even a decade ago.Accepting that weight is predetermined c

59、an relieve guilt for overweight people. But peoples belief that they cannot control their weight can itself contribute to obesity.12. What does the speaker say has aroused public interest?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问什么事引起了公众的兴趣。录音一开头便指出，最近在肥鼠身上发现了变异基因，这一发现引起了公众的兴趣，A选项“最近在肥鼠身上发现了变异基因”是录音原文的复现，因此正确。B选项“在理解基因改造方面实

60、现突破”；C选项“人们减肥的新方法”和D选项“肥鼠身上某种基因的自我修复能力”在录音中没有信息提及，均可排除。13. What do we learn about the changed gene?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问的是关于变异基因的相关信息。录音指出，那些携带变异基因的老鼠在过量进食时，自身却浑然不觉，因此不知道什么时候应该停止进食，D选项“它使老鼠无法感觉到何时停止进食”与录音原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“它使生物体无法抵抗疾病”和C选项“它帮助生物体适应环境变化”在录音中没有信息提及；B选项“它阻止老鼠身上脂肪组织的生长”，录音中提及那些携带变异基因的老鼠无法感知自身是否

61、有足够的脂肪组织，因此B选项错误。14. What does University of Vermont psychologist Esther Rothblum say?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问佛蒙特大学的心理学家Esther Rothblum说了什么？录音说到了Esther Rothblum的观点：该研究表明，人天生就有一定的体重倾向，就像肤色和身高一样。C选项“人天生就有某种体重的倾向”与原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“人的肥胖基因比老鼠的多”，录音中并没有将二者进行比较，因此可排除；B选项“有一半的影响体重的变量是可控的”，录音中只是提及：影响体重的变量中，不到一半由基因决定。

62、至于其他的变量可控不可控并没有指明，该选项属于推断过度；D选项“肥胖基因的功能尚待探索”，这并不是Esther Rothblum的观点，因此可排除。15. What accounts for Americans obesity according to a survey by the Center for Disease Control?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问根据疾病控制中心的调查，美国人肥胖的原因是什么。录音提到，过去十年美国肥胖的人越来越多，这一急剧增长的变化彰显了一些“环境因素”的影响，例如，丰富的食物。B选项中的abundant provision of rich foods

63、是录音中abundance of rich foods的同义替换，因此B选项“丰富食物的充足供应”正确。A选项“自然环境的恶化”主要是利用录音中的environmental factors作干扰，实际上录音中说的是社会环境而不是自然环境，因此A选项错误；C选项“现今生活节奏的加快”和D选项“食品业的不利影响”在录音中均未提及，因此排除。7. 单选题The parts of the machine which experience a lot of friction have to be made from（ ） materials.问题1选项A.sufferableB.bearableC.durableD.enumerable【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。sufferable “可忍耐的，可容忍的”；bearable “可忍受的，支持得住的”；durable “耐用的，持久的”；enumerable “可列举的，可点数的”。句意：经过大量摩擦的机器零部件必须使用耐用的材料