八年级英语上册Unit8Naturaldisasters词汇与语法基础训练新版牛津版

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1、Unit 8 Natural disasters、必背词汇知识精讲disaster n.灾难；不幸，祸患mop vt.用拖把擦干净up adv.完全地earthquaken.地震accide nt n.事故，意外的事coach n.长途汽车crash vi. & vt.猛撞；碰撞flood n.洪水，水灾village n.村庄，乡村light ning n.闪电storm n.风暴，暴（风）雨thun der n.雷，雷声slight adj.轻微的shake vi. & vt.摇动，震动loud adj.响亮的；大声的；喧闹的bomb n.炸弹害怕，恐惧fear n.direction n

2、.方向brick n.砖，砖块silent adj.寂静的nervous adj. 紧张不安的heart n.心脏beat vi. & vt. （使）规律作响，作节奏运动trapped adj.困住的mind n.头脑calm vi. & vt. （使）平静， （使）镇定since conj.由于，既然still adv.仍然alive adj.活着的dark n.黑暗shout n.呼喊，喊叫声safe adj.安全的asleep adj.睡着的break vi.损坏；打破towel n.毛巾，浴巾rule n.规则railway n.铁路32pancake n. 烙饼，薄饼burn n.烧

3、伤，烫伤，灼伤board n.木板headache n. 头痛toothache n. 牙痛countrysiden. 乡下 , 农村nearly adv.几乎， 将近clear vt.清除，清理shaking n.摇动，震动#、重点词汇1. break verb /bre?k/1) . to (cause something to) separate suddenly or violently into two or more pieces, or to (cause something to) stop working by being damaged破碎，破裂；打破；打断；损坏，弄坏例句

4、：The dish fell to the floor and broke.碟子掉到地上摔碎了。She fell and broke her arm.她摔断了胳膊。2) . to destroy or end something, or to come to an end毁坏，打破；结束，终结例句：Eventually someone spoke, breaking the silence.最后终于有人开口打破了沉默。She broke the record for the 5,000 meters.她打破了 5000 米的纪录。3) . to interrupt or to stop som

5、ething for a short period打断；中断，中止例句：We usually break for lunch at 12.30.45例句：moveme nts,（因害怕The phone rang, break ing my concen trati on.电话铃响了，打断了我的注意。2. shake verb & noun /?1) . v. to movebackwards and forwards or up and downin quick, shortor to make someth ing or some one do this摇动； 抖动； 使颤动例句：A yo

6、ung boy climbed into the apple tree and shook the bran ches so that the fruit fell dow n.一个男孩爬上苹果树，用力摇着枝条好让苹果掉下来。She shook her hair loose from its ribb on.她抖了抖头发，把丝带抖掉。2) . v. If you are shak ing, your body makes quick short moveme nts, or you feel as if it is doing so, because you are frighte ned o

7、r n ervous.或紧张而)打颤，发抖例句：She was shak ing as she ope ned the letter.她颤抖着拆开了信。I was shak ing like a leaf (= very n ervous) before the test.我考试前特别紧张。She gave the box a shake to see if there was anything inside it. 她摇了摇盒子，看里面有没有东西。No, no, no, he said with a shake of his head.“不，不，不” ，他摇着头说。3. since adve

8、rb & preposition & conjunction /s ?ns/1) . adv. from a particular time in the past until a later time, or until now 此后，从此例句：Emma went to work in New York a year ago, and we haven t seen her since.埃玛一年前去纽约工作了，自那时起我们就没有见过她。He started working for the company in 1995, and has been there ever since. 他毕业后

9、就开始为这家公司工作，在此之后他一直呆在那里。2) . prep. from a particular time in the past until a later time, or until now自从；从以来例句：He hasn t won a game since last year.1966 年以后，英格兰队就再没有拿过世界杯冠军。6#It was the hottest October since records bega n.这是有史以来最热的十月。3) . conj. because; as因为；既然s have a cup of例句：Since we ve got a few

10、 minutes to wait for the train, let coffee.既然等火车还需要几分钟，我们去喝杯咖啡吧。Since she has lost weight that skirt bags on her.因为她减肥了，她穿那条裙子显得太松垂了。4. directi on n ou n /da?ffek?n/1) . the positi on towards which some one or someth ing moves or faces方向，朝向例句：He was going in the direct ion of the bedroom.他正朝着卧室走去。Th

11、ey drove away in opposite directi ons.他们朝相反的方向驶去。2) . control or in struction管理；控制；指挥；指导 例句: I couldn t understand the directions on the packet.我看不懂包装盒上的说明。The project was under the direction of a well-known academic. 这项工程是在一位著名学者的指导下进行的。5. beat verb & noun /bi ?t/1). v. to defeat or do better than

12、打败，战胜 例句：Simon always beats me at tennis. 西蒙打网球总是赢我。Holla nd beat Belgium (by) 3 1.荷兰队 3 比 1 战胜比利时队。2) .v. to hit repeatedly(接连地)打，击例句：They saw him beating his dog with a stick.他们看见他用棍子打他的狗。Beat the drum.打起鼓来。3) . v. to (cause to) make a regular movement or sound(使)跳动；使拍打；敲打例句：22#The doctor could fe

13、el no pulse beat ing.医生感觉不到脉搏的跳动。The hum min gbird beats its wings at great speed.蜂鸟高速振动翅膀。4）. n. a regular moveme nt or sound, especially that made by your heart（尤指心脏）连续的跳动（声）例句：I put my head on his chest but I could feel no heartbeat.我把头贴近他的胸口，但感觉不到他的心跳。They danced to the beat of the drums.他们随着鼓声翩

14、翩起舞。6. sile nt adjective /Ea? nt/1）. without any sou nd 宁静的；寂静的例句：The empty house was completely sile nt.那座空房子一片寂静。It was four o clock in the morning and the streets were as silent as thegrave.这是凌晨四点，伦敦如坟墓一样沉寂，十分安静。2）. without talki ng沉默的；缄默的例句：Trish was silent because she was reluctant to put her t

15、houghts into words. 特里希一言不发，因为她不愿意把她的想法说出来。She and Ned sat silently for a moment, absorbing the peace of the lake. 她和内德默默地坐了片刻，享受着那湖泊的宁静。三、必背短语1. thousands of许多；成千上万的2. wash away冲走；洗掉；忘却3. crash into闯入；撞到上4. fall from从洛下5. catch fire着火6. at first起初；首先7. in fear害怕8. run out of用光，用尽9. try one sbest 尽某

16、人最大的努力10. inall directions四面八方；全面地11. come down下来，降落12. not.at all一点也不13. calm down平静下来14. say to oneself自言自语15. find one s way out 寻找解决方法16. at last最终，最后17. the noise of之声18. because of因为，由于19. as.as possible尽可能20. on fire 着火；起火21. a loud noise like thunder一声雷鸣般的巨响10#四、经典句型1. Then I heard a loud no

17、 ise like然后我听到一声般的巨响。2. I tried my best to.我尽最大的努力3. I could not see anything at all, an d.我什么都看不见，也心建三点剖析一、考点1. 掌握本课核心词汇和固定搭配。2. 过去进行时的用法1) .定义过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。2) .结构was/were +doing (现在分词)3) .用法(1) .过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday,from

18、 nine to ten last evening, when, while例句：We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.学生们边听课边做笔记。(2) . 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词 短语、副词或从句来表示。例句：When I saw him he was decorating his room.当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。(3) . 在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么 主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例句：While he was waiting for the bu

19、s, he was reading a newspaper.他边等车边看报。 (两个动作都是延续的)He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.他擦车时我在做饭。 (两个动作同时进行)3. when ， while 和 as 在过去进行时中的用法1) . when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而 while和as只能 和延续性动词连用。例句：Sorry, I was out when you called me.对不起 , 你打电话时我刚好外出了。Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。The studen

20、ts took notes as they listened.2) . whe n 从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。例句：When he had fini shed his homework, he took a short rest.当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。While/ As we were dancing, a stra nger came in.当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。3) .当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用as这时，as常表示

21、“随着”；“一边，一边”之意。例句：As the time went on, the weather got worse.随着时间的推移，天气变得更糟了。例题：1. -San dy, the glass is broke n. How did that happe n?-Sorry, Mum. I don t know. I outside.A. playB. was play ingC. have playedD. amplay ing【答案】BD。【解析】考查过去进行时。根据句意：桑迪，这玻璃杯坏了，是怎样发生的？ 对不起，妈妈，我不知道，我当时在外面玩。根据句意可知应该用过去进行时。故选

22、2. 用 when， while ， as 填空1).The teacher came in the students were talking.2) . was sleeping, my parents were watching TV.3) . it grew darker, it became colder.【答案】1). when/ while/ as2). While3) . As【解析】考查过连词 when，while ， as 的用法。根据相关用法填出对应连词即可。二、易错点loud ， aloud 和 loudly1. loud 作副词时，常用比较级形式，意为“响亮地”或“高声

23、地” ，侧重发出的音量 大，传得远，一股多用来修饰 speak， talk ，laugh 等动词；作形容词时意为“大声的； 响亮的”。例句：Speak louder, or I can t hear you.大点声，否则我听不见你说话。The children made a loud noise downstairs.孩子们在楼下大声喧哗。2. aloud 为副词，强调发出的声音能被听见，意为“出声地”或“大声地”。aloud作出声地”讲时，主要与 read连用；作“大声地”讲时，主要与 call ，shout， cry等词连用。例句：Please read the letter aloud

24、so that everybody can hear.请大声地把信读出来，让大家都能听见。The boy is crying aloud.那个男孩哭的声音很大。3. loudly作副词，意为“响亮地”，其基本意义与loud相同，还常与ring ， knock等动词连用，可指人的说话声、敲门声或其他各种声音，强调“声音高”。含有“喧闹”的意思。例句：Some one kno cked loudly at the door.有人大声敲门。例题：Sudde nly the bell on the wall rang.A. quietB. aloudC. loudlyD.quietly【答案】C【解析

25、】考查词汇辨析。根据句意：突然墙上的铃突然想了起来。aloud意为“大声地”；loudly意为“响亮地”，故选Co题模精选题模一：Un it 8 词汇应用例 1.1.1The girl felt sothat she fellat the table.A.sleepy; asleepB.sleepy; sleepyC.asleep; sleepyD. asleep; asleep例1.1.2根据括号提示填空1) . There are many n atural(灾难)in the world every year.2) . A strong earthquake killed(thousa

26、nd) of people last year.题模二：过去进行时例 1.2.1 I was writ ing a lettershe was maki ng a teleph one call.A.whileB.whe nC.beforeD.as例1.2.2根据中文提示完成句子1) .雷电总是跟在闪电后面，因为电的传播速度比声音快。because light travels faster tha n sound.2) .我们应该学习怎样在地震中保护自己。We shouldlearn 随堂练习随练 1.1 The man triedseveral times to startthe car,

27、and hesucceeded.A.in the pastB.in the endC.at firstD.at once随练 1.2 If there is any cha nge to the pla n, I will tell you as soonA.as possibleC.as quickB. as impossibleD.as quickly随练 1.3 -What s wrong with you? -1 don t feel well. I have.A.toothacheB.headacheC.a headacheD.cold随练1.4根据括号提示完成句子1. It is

28、dan gerous to travel by ship this week. There will be a(暴风雨)on the sea.2. There are lots of people in this(村寸庄).3. Don t lose(信心)when you fail. Cheer up and have another try.4. My( 头脑)went empty whe n I heard the shock ing n ews.5. Without the help of the police, I wouldn t be(live) today.6. The poo

29、r dog was (trap)under the bricks and could do nothing but waitfor help.7. (luck), we sent the boy to hospital in time and saved his legs.8. Liste n! Can you hear them(shout) at each other? What is happe ning?clock this随练 1.5 Jennyin the kitche n whe n you called her at 5 oafter noon.A.is cook ingB.w

30、as cook ingC.cooksD.cooked随练1.6 The twi ns did nt go to the theatre; theythe light music allni ght.A.have enjoyedB.will enjoyC.are enjoyingD.were enjoying.自我总结疋课后作业作业 1 -Is that a baby crying outside?-No. It a baby. But in fact, it is my neighbor s cat.A looks likeB sounds likeC feels likeD hears li

31、ke作业 2 -Does the child need any help?-No. She is to dress herself.A enough old B young enoughC old enough D enough young作业 3 Last week a big flood the village and hundredsdied.A put; awayB ran; awayC took; awayD washed; away作业 4 I got back, I found my mother cooking for me.A WhenB BeforeC sinceD Alt

32、hough作业 5 根据中文提示完成句子1. 由于大雪，他们被困在汽车里了。They were in the car because of the snow.2. 当他的妈妈外出的时候，我将送他去上学。I will when his mother is out.3. 在那次事故中 , 他用手机打电话求救。He with his in that4. 如果你的手烧伤了，你应该把它放在冷水里 10 分钟左右。If you burn your hand, you should it forabout 10 minutes.5. 我们应该采取有效措施来保护我们自己远离交通事故。We should tak

33、e effective measures to .作业 6 -I didn t see you at the meeting yesterday. Why?-I for an important telephone call at that moment.A waitof peopleaccident.B waitedC.am wait ingD. was wait ing答案解析题模精选题模一：Un it 8 词汇应用 例 1.1.1【答案】A【解析】考查词汇辨析。根据句意：这个女孩儿感到如此困倦以至于在桌子旁睡着了。feelsleepy表示“感到困倦的” ，fall asleep 表示“睡

34、着了”，故选A 例 1.1.2【答案】1). disasters 2). thousa nds【解析】考查本课重点核心词汇，根据提示和语境，填出相应单词及其适当形式。题模二：过去进行时 例 1.2.1【答案】A【解析】考查过去进行时连词辨析。根据句意：我在写信时她正在打电话。While并列连词，表示从句中谓语动词表示的动作与主句中谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，故选Co例 1.2.2【答案】1). Thu nder always follows light ing 2). how to protect ourselves in an earthquake【解析】考查本课重点短语和句型，注意动词单复

35、数和固定搭配。人碇随堂练习随练1.1【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。根据句意：那个人次试图发动汽车，最后他成功了。in the past在过去” ；in the end 最后” ；at first 起初” ；at onee 立刻，马上”，故选B。随练1.2【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。根据句意：如果计划有变，我会尽快告诉你。固定短语as soonas possible 尽可能快的”，故选A。随练1.3【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。根据句意：我感觉不舒服，我头疼。have a headache 头疼”，故选Co随练1.4【答案】1. storm2. village3. heart4. min

36、d5. alive6. trapped7. Luckily8. shout ing【解析】考查本课重点词汇。根据提示填出对应单词，注意词的正确形式。【答案】B【解析】考查动词时态。根据句意：今天下午五点你打电话给詹妮时，她正在厨房做饭。根据 when you called her at 5 o clock this afternoon可知要用过去进行时，故选B。随练1.6【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态。根据句意：这对双胞胎没有去看戏，他们整晚都在听音乐。可知此处应该用过去进行时，故选D【答案】B【解析】考查词汇辨析。根据句意：一一那是一个婴儿正在外面哭吗？一一不是，听起来像婴儿，但事实上那是我

37、邻居家的猫，sou nd like “听起来像”符合题意，故选B。作业2【答案】C【解析】考查enough用法。根据句意：不，她已经足够大了，能自己穿衣服了。enough修饰形容词时常放在形容词之后，故选Co作业3【答案】D【解析】考查固定短语。根据句意：上周一场大洪水冲走了那座村庄，数百人死了。put away“放好” ；run away “逃跑” ；take away “带走” ；wash away 冲走”，故选 D。作业4【答案】A【解析】考查连词。根据句意：我回到家时，发现妈妈正在为我做饭。 When当时候”；since “自从” ；before “在之前” ；although “尽管”，故选 A 作业5【答案】1. trapped; heavy2. send him to school3. called for help; mobile phone4. keep; in cold water5. protect ourselves from traffic accidents【解析】 考查本课中重点表达，注意时态，固定搭配和单复数问题。作业 6【答案】 D【解析】 考查时态。 根据句意：昨天的会议上我没有看到你。为什么？那时我在 等一个重要的电话。 因为等电话是昨天开会那段时间正在发生的动作， 故用过去进行时， 故 选 D。