制定分离叉轴的加工工艺设计铣R4槽的铣床夹具(生产纲领:中批生产)
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标准机械加工工序卡片机械加工工艺卡片产品型号零部件图号产品名称零部件名称分离叉轴共 5 页第 1 页(工序简图)车间工序号工序号称材料牌号1毛坯种类毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯可制件数每台件数11设备名称设备型号设备编号同时加工件数夹具编号夹具名称切削液工位器具编号工位器具名称工布工时机动辅助工步号工步内容工艺装备主轴速度(r/min)切削速度(m/min)进给量(mm/r)背吃刀量(mm)进给次数工步工时 机动辅助1车25mm端面普通车床,通用夹具,外圆车刀531108.60.18112车25mm外圆并倒角普通车床,通用夹具,外圆车刀5311161.0113车24mm端面普通车床,通用夹具,外圆车刀531100.80.18114车24mm外圆并倒角普通车床,通用夹具,外圆车刀5311161.011设计(日期)校对(日期)审核(日期)标准化(日期)会签(日期)标记处数更改文件编号签字日期标记处数更改文件号签字日期标准机械加工工序卡片机械加工工艺卡片产品型号零部件图号产品名称零部件名称分离叉轴共 5页第 2 页(工序简图)车间工序号工序号称材料牌号2毛坯种类毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯可制件数每台件数11设备名称设备型号设备编号同时加工件数夹具编号夹具名称切削液工位器具编号工位器具名称工布工时机动辅助工步号工步内容工艺装备主轴速度(r/min)切削速度(m/min)进给量(mm/r)背吃刀量(mm)进给次数工步工时 机动辅助1精车25mm外圆普通车床,通用夹具,外圆车刀531108.60.1811设计(日期)校对(日期)审核(日期)标准化(日期)会签(日期)标记处数更改文件编号签字日期标记处数更改文件号签字日期标准机械加工工序卡片机械加工工艺卡片产品型号零部件图号产品名称零部件名称换挡轴共 5 页第 3 页(工序简图)车间工序号工序号称材料牌号3毛坯种类毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯可制件数每台件数11设备名称设备型号设备编号同时加工件数夹具编号夹具名称切削液工位器具编号工位器具名称工布工时机动辅助工步号工步内容工艺装备主轴速度(r/min)切削速度(m/min)进给量(mm/r)背吃刀量(mm)进给次数工步工时 机动辅助1铣键槽铣床,专用夹具30023.60.153设计(日期)校对(日期)审核(日期)标准化(日期)会签(日期)标记处数更改文件编号签字日期标记处数更改文件号签字日期标准机械加工工序卡片机械加工工艺卡片产品型号零部件图号产品名称零部件名称共 5 页第 4 页(工序简图)车间工序号工序号称材料牌号4毛坯种类毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯可制件数每台件数11设备名称设备型号设备编号同时加工件数夹具编号夹具名称切削液工位器具编号工位器具名称工布工时机动辅助工步号工步内容工艺装备主轴速度(r/min)切削速度(m/min)进给量(mm/r)背吃刀量(mm)进给次数工步工时 机动辅助1铣R4弧铣床,专用夹具37.526.50.151设计(日期)校对(日期)审核(日期)标准化(日期)会签(日期)标记处数更改文件编号签字日期标记处数更改文件号签字日期标准机械加工工序卡片机械加工工艺卡片产品型号零部件图号产品名称零部件名称换挡轴共 5 页第 5 页(工序简图)车间工序号工序号称材料牌号5、6毛坯种类毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯可制件数每台件数11设备名称设备型号设备编号同时加工件数夹具编号夹具名称切削液工位器具编号工位器具名称工布工时机动辅助工步号工步内容工艺装备主轴速度(r/min)切削速度(m/min)进给量(mm/r)背吃刀量(mm)进给次数工步工时 机动辅助1去除毛刺2终检设计(日期)校对(日期)审核(日期)标准化(日期)会签(日期)标记处数更改文件编号签字日期标记处数更改文件号签字日期机械加工工艺过程卡片产品型号零件图号产品名称零件名称分离叉轴共1页第1页材 料 牌 号45钢毛 坯 种 类锻件毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯件数1每 台 件 数1备 注 工 序 号 工 名 序 称 工 序 内 容 车 间 工 段设 备工 艺 装 备 工 时 准终 单件锻造锻1调制处理金工普通车床通用夹具2车车端面及外圆25mm和24mm,并倒角。金工普通车床通用夹具3车精车外圆25mm。金工普通车床通用夹具4铣铣键槽金工铣床专用铣夹具5铣铣R4弧金工铣床专用铣夹具6去除毛刺钳工7终检 设 计(日 期) 校 对(日期) 审 核(日期) 标准化(日期) 会 签(日期)标记处数更改文件号签 字 日 期标记处数更改文件号签 字 日 期哈尔滨理工大学机械制造工艺学课程设计说明书设计题目 指定分离叉轴的加工工艺,设计铣R4槽的铣床夹具(生产纲领:中批生产)班 别 机设09-1 学 号 0930120105 设 计 者 王子同 指导教师 陶福春 评定成绩 分 设计日期 2011 年 11 月 28 日至 12 月 16 日目录设计任务书3课程设计说明书正文4序言4一、零件的分析4二、工艺规程设计4(一)确定毛坯的制造形式4(二)基面的选择4(三)制定工艺路线5(四)机械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的确定5(五)确定切削用量及基本工时6三、专用夹具设计8(一)设计主旨8(二)夹具设计8四、课程设计心得体会10参考文献10哈尔滨理工大学机械制造工艺学课程设计任务书设计题目 指定分离叉轴的加工工艺,设计铣R4槽的铣床夹具(生产纲领:中批生产)设计内容:1.绘制加工工件图,计算机绘图 1张 2.制定零件的加工工艺过程 2张 3.填写零件加工工艺过程卡 1张 4.所有工序的工序卡 1套 5.指定工序夹具的全套图纸 1份 6.编写设计说明书 1份班 级 机设09-1 学 号 0930120105 学生姓名 王子同 指导教师 陶福春 系 主 任 陶福春 2011 年 12 月 15 日序言 机械制造工艺学课程设计是在我们学完了大学的全部基础课、技术基础课以及大部分专业课之后进行的。这是我们在进行毕业设计之前对所学各课程的一次深入的综合性的链接,也是一次理论联系实际的训练。因此,它在我们的大学学习生活中占有十分重要的地位。就我个人而言,我希望能通过这次课程设计对自己未来将从事的工作进行一次适应性训练,从中锻炼自己分析问题、解决问题的能力,为今后参加祖国的现代化建设打下一个良好的基础。由于能力所限,设计尚有许多不足之处,恳请各位老师给予指教。一、零件的分析(一)零件的作用题目所给定的零件是汽车离合器内装载分离叉的载体轴。其主要作用,一是传递转矩,使分离叉可以在垂直轴线的平面上往复摆动;二是当分离叉在轴线方向上处在不同的位置上时,承受分离叉作用在其上的静摩擦载荷。由于该零件在工作中所承受的载荷不是很大,所以零件几乎只是起连接作用。(二)零件的工艺分析分离叉轴共有两组加工表面,它们相互间有一定的位置要求。现分述如下:1.25mm的轴线为中心的加工表面。这一组加工表面包括:25-0.08 -0.12mm的外圆表面及其倒角,24-0.1 -0.2mm的外圆表面及其倒角。其中,主要加工表面为25-0.08 -0.12mm的外圆表面。2.24-0.1 -0.2mm的端面为基准的加工表面。这一组加工表面包括:24-0.1 -0.2mm的端面,25-0.08 -0.12mm的端面,距24-0.1 -0.2mm的端面为236.5mm的R4mm的弧,从距24-0.1 -0.2mm的端面242mm至276mm的键槽。其中,弧与键槽底面相互平行。由以上分析可知,对于这两组加工表面而言,可以先加工第一组表面然后加工第二组表面,第二组表面中的弧可以借助于专用夹具加工。二、工艺规程设计(一)确定毛坯的制造形式零件材料为45钢。考虑到汽车在运行中要经常换挡,零件在工作过程中经常承受交变载荷,因此应该选用锻件,以使金属纤维尽量不被切断,保证零件工作可靠。由于零件年产量已达到中批生产水平,而且零件的轮廓尺寸不大,故可采用模锻成形。这对于提高生产率、保证加工质量也是有利的。(二)基面的选择基面的选择是工艺规程设计中的重要工作之一。基面选择的正确、合理,可以保证加工质量,提高生产效率。否则,就会使加工工艺过程问题百出,严重的还会造成零件大批报废,是生产无法进行。1.粗基准的选择对于一般的轴类零件而言,以外圆作为粗基准是完全合理的。对于本零件来说也同样适用。同时按照有关粗基准的选择原则(即当零件有不加工表面时,应以这些不加工表面作为粗基准;以重要表面、加工余量较小的表面作为粗基准;粗基准应尽量避免重复使用在同一尺寸方向上通常只允许使用一次;以质量较好的毛坯作为粗基准),选取轴颈为25-0.08 -0.12mm的外圆表面作为粗基准。2.精基准的选择精基准的选择主要应该考虑基准重合的问题。当设计基准与工序基准不重合时,应该进行尺寸换算。以25mm外圆及24mm端面作为精基准。铣R4槽时以前两个基准和键槽作为精基准。(三)制定工艺路线制定工艺路线的出发点,应当是使零件的几何形状、尺寸精度及位置精度等技术要求能得到合理的保证。在生产纲领已确定为中批生产的条件下,可以采用通用机床配以专用工夹具,并尽量使工序集中来提高生产率。除此以外,还应考虑经济效果,以便降低生产成本。工艺路线方案:工序1:车端面和外圆25mm,24mm及其倒角,以25mm外圆作为粗基准,选用CA6140卧式车床和三爪卡盘。工序2:将加工轴反向装夹精车外圆25mm,选用CA6140车床和三爪卡盘。工序3:铣键槽,以25mm外圆及24mm端面作为基准,选用X63卧式铣床加工。工序4:铣R4弧,以25mm外圆和24mm端面以及键槽为基准,选用X63卧式铣床加工。工序5:去除毛刺。工序6:终检。以上工艺过程详见机械加工工艺过程卡片和机械加工工序卡片。(四)机械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的确定“分离叉轴”零件材料为45钢,硬度为220-260HBW,毛坯重量约为3kg,生产类型为中批生产,可采用在锻锤上合模模锻毛坯。根据上述原始资料及加工工艺,分别确定各加工表面的机械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸如下:1.外圆表面(25mm及24mm)考虑其加工长度为448.5mm,加工外圆表面直径为25mm及24mm,为简化模锻毛坯的外形,现直接取其外圆表面直径为31.8mm。25mm及24mm表面为自由尺寸公差,表面粗糙度值要求分别为0.8m和6.3m,此时直径余量2Z=6.8mm已能满足加工要求。2.外圆表面沿轴线长度方向的加工余量及公差查机械制造工艺设计简明手册(以下简称工艺手册)表2.2-14,其中锻件重量为3kg,锻件复杂形状系数为S1,锻件材质系数取M1,锻件轮廓尺寸(长度方向)315500mm,故长度方向偏差为+1.3 -0.7mm。长度方向的余量查工艺手册表2.22.5,其余量值规定为2.02.7mm,现取为2.0mm。(五)确定切削用量及基本工时工序1:粗车端面、外圆及倒角。本工序采用计算法确定切削用量。1.加工条件工件材料:45钢调质,b=0.60GPa,模锻。加工要求:粗车25mm、24mm端面和25mm、24mm及其倒角,表面粗糙度值为6.3m。机床:CA6140卧式车床。刀具:刀片材料为YT15,刀杆尺寸为16mm25mm,r=90o,o=15o,o=8o,r=0.5mm。2.计算切削用量(1)粗车25mm,24mm端面。1)确定端面最大加工余量:已知毛坯长度方向的加工余量为2+1.3 -0.7mm,考虑7o的模锻拔模斜度,则毛坯长度方向的最大加工余量Zmax=7.5mm。分三次加工,ap=3mm计。长度加工公差按IT12级,取-0.46mm(入体方向)。2)确定进给量:根据切削用量简明手册(第3版)(以下简称切削手册)表1.4,当刀杆尺寸为16mm25mm,ap3mm以及工件直径为25mm时=0.18mm/r按CA6140车床说明书取=0.51mm/r3)计算切削速度:按切削手册表1.27,切削速度的计算公式可算出c=115m/min4)确定机床主轴转速:ns=1151r/min按机床说明书,与1151r/min相近的机床转速为1120r/min。所以实际切削速度=111.83r/min。5)计算切削工时:按工艺手册表6.2-1,取l=31.8/2mm=15.9mm,l1=2mm,l2=0,l3=0tm=(15.9+2)/(11200.18)3min=0.266min(2)粗车25mm外圆,同时应校验机床功率及进给机构强度。1)背吃刀量:单边余量Z=1.3mm,可一次切除。2)进给量:根据切削手册表1.4,选用=0.5mm/r。3)计算切削速度:见切削手册表1.27c=116m/min4)确定主轴转速:ns=1154r/min按机床选取n=1120r/min。所以实际切削速度为=112.54r/min5)切削工时:t=20.201min(3)车24mm外圆柱面取ap=1mm,=0.51mm/r(切削手册表1.6,Ra=6.3m,刀尖圆弧半径r=0.1mm)切削速度 c=105m/minn=1338r/min按机床说明书取 n=1400r/min则此时: =109.9m/min切削工时 t=0.008min工序2:精车25mm外圆背吃刀量:单边余量Z=0.3mm,可一次切除。进给量:根据切削手册表1.4,选用=0.3mm/r。计算切削速度:见切削手册表1.27c=115m/min确定主轴转速:ns=1465r/min按机床选取n=1400r/min。所以实际切削速度为=109.9r/min切削工时:t=1.1min工序3:铣键槽每齿进给量:z=0.06mm/z切削速度:参考有关手册,确定=25m/min。采用高速钢镶齿三面刃铣刀,dw=25mm,齿数z=3。则ns=318r/min现选用X63卧式铣床,根据机床使用说明书,取nw=300r/min,故实际切削速度为=23.6m/min当nw=300r/min时,工作台的每分钟进给量m应为m=54mm/min查机床说明书,接近的有m=60mm/min,故选用该值。切削工时:利用零件图,可得出铣刀的行程为34mm。因此,机动工时为tm=0.57min工序4:铣R4弧每齿进给量:z=0.1mm/z切削速度:参考有关手册,确定=30m/min。采用凸圆弧铣刀,圆弧半径r=4mm,dw=225mm,齿数z=20。则ns=38r/min现选用X63卧式铣床,根据机床使用说明书,取nw=37.5r/min,故实际切削速度为=26.5m/min当nw=37.5r/min时,工作台的每分钟进给量m应为m=60mm/min查机床说明书,刚好有m=60mm/min,故直接选用该值。切削工时:利用作图法,可得出铣刀的行程为15mm。因此,机动工时为tm=0.25min三、专用夹具设计为了提高劳动生产率,保证加工质量,降低劳动强度,通常需要设计专用夹具。经过与指导教师的协商,决定设计工序 铣R4弧的铣床夹具。本夹具将用于铣床。刀具为高速钢凸圆弧铣刀,对工件进行铣R4弧加工。(一)设计主旨本夹具主要用来铣R4弧,这个弧在加工中需要一定的技术要求。在加工到本道工序时,键槽已经加工好, R4的弧需要借助已加工的键槽和外圆表面定位进行加工。本道工序不需要考虑精度问题,因此,本道工序加工时,主要应考虑如何提高劳动生产率,降低劳动强度。(二)夹具设计1、定位基准的选择由零件图可知,R4的弧的中心线应对已加工键槽底面有平行度要求,其设计基准为已加工的键槽底面。为了使定位误差为零,应该选择以已加工键槽定位的自动定心夹具。但这种自动定心夹具在结构上将过于复杂,因此这里只选用以已加工键槽为主要定位基面。为了简化夹具结构,准备采用手动夹紧装置。2、切削力及夹紧力的计算切削刀具:凸圆弧铣刀,8mm,z=20,则 =式中,=650,=3.1mm,=1.0,=0.08min,=0.72,=40mm,(在加工面上测量的近似值),=0.86,=225mm,=0.86,=0,=20,所以 =1456N水平分力:=1.1=3203N垂直分力:=0.3=873N在计算切削力时必须考虑安全系数,安全系数K=.式中 K1基本安全系数,=1.5; K2加工性质系数,=1.1; K3刀具钝化系数,=1.1; K4断续切削系数,=1.1.于是 F=为克服水平切削力,实际夹紧力N应为 所以 N=1234式中,和为夹具定位面及夹紧面上的摩擦系数,=0.25.3、 定位误差分析(1)定位元件尺寸及公差的确定。本夹具的主要定位元件是和键槽配合的突起块和两个V型块底座和两个由螺母夹紧的夹紧块,该与键槽配合的凸起块的尺寸与公差现规定与本零件在工作时与其相配的键槽的尺寸与公差相同。(2)确定两夹紧块及V型底座的中心距有零件图可知;两夹紧块及两V型块底座在不影响加工面加工的前提下可做一定调整。(3)计算定位误差加工尺寸R4的弧的定位误差,由于定位基准与工序尺寸重合,故B=0.5、夹具设计及操作的简要说明如前所述,在设计夹具时,为提高劳动生产率,应该首先着眼于机动夹紧,本道工序的铣床夹具就选择手动夹紧。本工序由于是粗加工,切削力较小,夹紧工件可以采用手动夹紧,这可以使夹具简化,降低劳动强度,使操作简便。四、课程设计心得体会紧张而又辛苦的三周课程设计结束了,当我快要完成老师下达给我的任务的时候,我仿佛经过一次翻山越岭,登上了高山之巅,顿感心旷神怡,眼前豁然开朗。课程设计是我们专业课程知识综合应用的实践训练,这是我们迈向社会、从事职业工作前一个必不可少的过程。“千里之行始于足下”,通过这次课程设计,我深深体会到这句千古名言的真正含义。我今天认真的进行课程设计,学会脚踏实地地迈开这一步,就是为明天能稳健的在社会大潮中奔跑打下坚实的基础。说实话,课程设计真是有点累。然而,当我已着手清理自己的设计成果,仔细回味这三个周的心路历程,一种少有的成功喜悦即刻使我倦意顿消。虽然这是我刚学会走完的第一步,是我人生中一点小小的胜利,然而它令我感到自己成熟了许多,令我有一种“春眠方觉晓”的感悟。通过课程设计,使我深深体会到,干任何事都必须耐心、细致。课程设计过程中,许多计算有时不免令我感到有些心烦意乱;有两次因为不小心我计算出错,只能好不情愿的重来。但一想起老师平时对我们的耐心教导,想到今后自己应当承担的社会责任,想到世界上因为某些心小的失误而出现的令世人震惊的事故,我不禁时刻提心自己,一定要养成一种高度负责、一丝不苟的良好习惯。这次课程设计使我在工作作风上得到一次难得的磨练。短短的三周课程设计,使我发现了自己所掌握的知识是真正的如此匮乏,自己综合应用所学的专业知识的能力是如此的不足,几年来学习了那么多的课程,今天才知道自己并不会用。想到这里我真的有点心急了。老师却对我说,这说明课程设计确实是你有了收获了。老师的亲切勉励像春雨注入我的心田,使我更加自信了。最后,我要衷心的感谢老师。使您的严厉批评唤醒了我,使您的敬业精神感动了我,是您的谆谆教导启发了我,是您的殷切期望鼓舞了我。我感谢老师您今天又为我增添了一副坚硬的翅膀。五、参考文献1、艾兴,肖诗刚主编,切削用量简明手册。北京:机械工业出版社,19942、李益民主编,机械制造工艺设计简明手册。北京:机械工业出版社,19943、哈尔滨工业大学,上海工业大学主编,机床夹具设计。上海:上海科学技术出版社,19834、李洪主编。机械加工工艺手册。北京:北京出版社,19905、王绍俊主编,机械制造工艺简明手册。北京:机械工业出版社,19876、赵家齐编,机械制造工艺学课程设计指导。北京: 机械工业出版社,199410英文资料High-speed millingHigh-speed machining is an advanced manufacturing technology, different from the traditional processing methods. The spindle speed, cutting feed rate, cutting a small amount of units within the time of removal of material has increased three to six times. With high efficiency, high precision and high quality surface as the basic characteristics of the automobile industry, aerospace, mold manufacturing and instrumentation industry, such as access to a wide range of applications, has made significant economic benefits, is the contemporary importance of advanced manufacturing technology. For a long time, people die on the processing has been using a grinding or milling EDM (EDM) processing, grinding, polishing methods. Although the high hardness of the EDM machine parts, but the lower the productivity of its application is limited. With the development of high-speed processing technology, used to replace high-speed cutting, grinding and polishing process to die processing has become possible. To shorten the processing cycle, processing and reliable quality assurance, lower processing costs.1 One of the advantages of high-speed machiningHigh-speed machining as a die-efficient manufacturing, high-quality, low power consumption in an advanced manufacturing technology. In conventional machining in a series of problems has plagued by high-speed machining of the application have been resolved.1.1 Increase productivity High-speed cutting of the spindle speed, feed rate compared withtraditional machining, in the nature of the leap, the metal removal rate increased 30 percent to 40 percent, cutting force reduced by 30 percent, the cutting tool life increased by 70% . Hardened parts can be processed, a fixture in many parts to be completed rough, semi-finishing and fine, and all other processes, the complex can reach parts of the surface quality requirements, thus increasing the processing productivity and competitiveness of products in the market.1.2 Improve processing accuracy and surface quality High-speed machines generally have high rigidity and precision, and other characteristics, processing, cutting the depth of small, fast and feed, cutting force low, the workpiece to reduce heat distortion, and high precision machining, surface roughness small. Milling will be no high-speed processing and milling marks the surface so that the parts greatly enhance the quality of the surface. Processing Aluminum when up Ra0.40.6um, pieces of steel processing at up to Ra0.2 0.4um.1.3 Cutting reduce the heat Because the main axis milling machine high-speed rotation, cutting a shallow cutting, and feed very quickly, and the blade length of the workpiece contacts and contact time is very short, a decrease of blades and parts of the heat conduction. High-speed cutting by dry milling or oil cooked up absolute (mist) lubrication system, to avoid the traditional processing tool in contact with the workpiece and a lot of shortcomings to ensure that the tool is not high temperature under the conditions of work, extended tool life.1.4 This is conducive to processing thin-walled parts High-speed cutting of small cutting force, a higher degree of stability, Machinable with high-quality employees compared to the company may be very good, but other than the companys employees may Suanbu Le outstanding work performance. For our China practice, we use the models to determine the method of staff training needs are simple and effective. This study models can be an external object, it can also be a combination of internal and external. We must first clear strategy for the development of enterprises. Through the internal and external business environment and organizational resources, such as analysis, the future development of a clear business goals and operational priorities. According to the business development strategy can be compared to find the business models, through a comparative analysis of the finalization of business models. In determining business models, a, is the understanding of its development strategy, or its market share and market growth rate, or the staff of the situation, and so on, according to the companies to determine the actual situation. As enterprises in different period of development, its focus is different, which means that enterprises need to invest the manpower and financial resources the focus is different. So in a certain period of time, enterprises should accurately selected their business models compared with the departments and posts, so more practical significance, because the business models are not always good, but to compare some aspects did not have much practical significance, Furthermore This can more fully concentrate on the business use of limited resources. Identify business models, and then take the enterprise of the corresponding departments and staff with the business models for comparison, the two can be found in the performance gap, a comparative analysis to find reasons, in accordance with this business reality, the final identification of training needs. The cost of training is needed, if not through an effective way to determine whether companies need to train and the training of the way, but blind to training, such training is difficult to achieve the desired results. A comparison only difference between this model is simple and practical training.1.5 Can be part of some alternative technology, such as EDM, grinding high intensity and high hardness processing High-speed cutting a major feature of high-speed cutting machine has the hardness of HRC60 parts. With the use of coated carbide cutter mold processing, directly to the installation of a hardened tool steel processing forming, effectively avoid the installation of several parts of the fixture error and improve the parts of the geometric location accuracy. In the mold of traditional processing, heat treatment hardening of the workpiece required EDM, high-speed machining replace the traditional method of cutting the processing, manufacturing process possible to omit die in EDM, simplifying the processing technology and investment costs . High-speed milling in the precincts of CNC machine tools, or for processing centre, also in the installation of high-speed spindle on the general machine tools. The latter not only has the processing capacity of general machine tools, but also for high-speed milling, a decrease of investment in equipment, machine tools increased flexibility. Cutting high-speed processing can improve the efficiency, quality improvement, streamline processes, investment and machine tool investment and maintenance costs rise, but comprehensive, can significantly increase economic efficiency.2 High-speed milling High-speed milling the main technical high-speed cutting technology is cutting the development direction of one of it with CNC technology, microelectronic technology, new materials and new technology, such as technology development to a higher level. High-speed machine tools and high-speed tool to achieve high-speed cutting is the prerequisite and basic conditions, in high-speed machining in the performance of high-speed machine tool material of choice and there are strict requirements. 2.1 High-speed milling machine in order to achieve high-speed machiningGeneral use of highly flexible high-speed CNC machine tools, machining centers, and some use a dedicated high-speed milling, drilling. At the same time a high-speed machine tool spindle system and high-speed feeding system, high stiffness of the main characteristics of high-precision targeting and high-precision interpolation functions, especially high-precision arc interpolation function. High-speed machining systems of the machine a higher demand, mainly in the following areas:General use of highly flexible high-speed CNC machine tools, machining centers, and some use a dedicated high-speed milling, drilling. At the same time a high-speed machine tool spindle system and high-speed feeding system, high stiffness of the main characteristics of high-precision targeting and high-precision interpolation functions, especially high-precision arc interpolation function. High-speed machining systems of the machine a higher demand, mainly in the following areas: High-speed milling machine must have a high-speed spindle, the spindle speed is generally 10000 100000 m / min, power greater than 15 kW. But also with rapid speed or in designated spots fast-stopping performance. The main axial space not more than 0 .0 0 0 2 m m. Often using high-speed spindle-hydrostatic bearings, air pressure-bearing, mixed ceramic bearings, magnetic bearing structure of the form. Spindle cooling general use within the water or air cooled. High-speed processing machine-driven system should be able to provide 40 60 m / min of the feed rate, with good acceleration characteristics, can provide 0.4 m/s2 to 10 m/s2 acceleration and deceleration. In order to obtain good processing quality, high-speed cutting machines must have a high enough stiffness. Machine bed material used gray iron, can also add a high-damping base of concrete, to prevent cutting tool chatter affect the quality of processing. A high-speed data transfer rate, can automatically increase slowdown. Processing technology to improve the processing and cutting tool life. At present high-speed machine tool manufacturers, usually in the general machine tools on low speed, the feed of the rough and then proceed to heat treatment, the last in the high-speed machine on the half-finished and finished, in improving the accuracy and efficiency at the same time, as far as possible to reduce processing Cost.2.2 High-speed machining tool High-speed machining tool is the most active one of the important factors, it has a direct impact on the efficiency of processing, manufacturing costs and product processing and accuracy. Tool in high-speed processing to bear high temperature, high pressure, friction, shock and vibration, such as loading, its hardness and wear-resistance, strength and toughness, heat resistance, technology and economic performance of the basic high-speed processing performance is the key One of the factors. High-speed cutting tool technology development speed, the more applications such as diamond (PCD), cubic boron nitride (CBN), ceramic knives, carbide coating, (C) titanium nitride Carbide TIC (N) And so on. CBN has high hardness, abrasion resistance and the extremely good thermal conductivity, and iron group elements between the great inertia, in 1300 would not have happened significant role in the chemical, also has a good stability. The experiments show that with CBN cutting tool HRC35 67 hardness of hardened steel can achieve very high speed. Ceramics have good wear resistance and thermal chemical stability, its hardness, toughness below the CBN, can be used for processing hardness of HRC 5 0 parts. Carbide Tool good wear resistance, but the hardness than the low-CBN and ceramics. Coating technology used knives, cutting tools can improve hardness and cutting the rate, for cutting HRC40 50 in hardness between the workpiece. Can be used to heat-resistant alloys, titanium alloys, hightemperature alloy, cast iron, Chungang, aluminum and composite materials of high-speed cutting Cut, the most widely used. Precision machining non-ferrous metals or non-metallic materials, or the choice of polycrystalline diamond Gang-coated tool.2.3 High-speed processing technology High-speed cutting technology for high-speed machining is the key. Cutting Methods misconduct, will increase wear tool to less than high-speed processing purposes. Only high-speed machine tool and not a good guide technology, high-speed machining equipment can not fully play its role. In high-speed machining, should be chosen with milling, when the milling cutter involvement with the workpiece chip thickness as the greatest, and then gradually decreased. High-speed machining suitable for shallow depth of cut, cutting depth of not more than 0.2 mm, to avoid the location of deviation tool to ensure that the geometric precision machining parts. Ensure that the workpiece on the cutting constant load, to get good processing quality. Cutting a single high-speed milling path-cutting mode, try not to interrupt the process and cutting tool path, reducing the involvement tool to cut the number to be relatively stable cutting process. Tool to reduce the rapid change to, in other words when the NC machine tools must cease immediately, or Jiangsu, and then implement the next step. As the machine tool acceleration restrictions, easy to cause a waste of time, and exigency stop or radical move would damage the surface accuracy. In the mold of high-speed finishing, in each Cut, cut to the workpiece, the feed should try to change the direction of a curve or arc adapter, avoid a straight line adapter to maintain the smooth process of cutting.3 Die in high-speed milling processing of Milling as a highly efficient high-speed cutting of the new method,in Mould Manufacturing has been widely used. Forging links in the regular production model, with EDM cavity to be 12 15 h, electrodes produced 2 h. Milling after the switch to high-speed, high-speed milling cutter on the hardness of HRC 6 0 hardened tool steel processing. The forging die processing only 3 h20min, improve work efficiency four to five times the processing surface roughness of Ra0.5 0.6m, fully in line with quality requirements. High-speed cutting technology is cutting technology one of the major developments, mainly used in automobile industry and die industry, particularly in the processing complex surface, the workpiece itself or knives rigid requirements of the higher processing areas, is a range of advanced processing technology The integration, high efficiency and high quality for the people respected. It not only involves high-speed processing technology, but also including high-speed processing machine tools, numerical control system, high-speed cutting tools and CAD / CAM technology. Die-processing technology has been developed in the mold of the manufacturing sector in general, and in my application and the application of the standards have yet to be improved, because of its traditional processing with unparalleled advantages, the future will continue to be an inevitable development of processing technology Direction.4 Numerical control technology and equipping development trend and countermeasureEquip the engineering level, level of determining the whole national economy of the modernized degree and modernized degree of industry, numerical control technology is it develop new developing new high-tech industry and most advanced industry to equip (such as information technology and his industry, biotechnology and his industry, aviation, spaceflight, etc. national defense industry) last technology and getting more basic most equipment. Marx has ever said the differences of different economic times, do not lie in what is produced, and lie in how to produce, produce with some means of labor . Manufacturing technology and equipping the most basic means of production that are that the mankind produced the activity, and numerical control technology is nowadays advanced manufacturing technology and equips the most central technology. Nowadays the manufacturing industry all around the world adopts numerical control technology extensively, in order to improve manufacturing capacity and level, improve the adaptive capacity and competitive power to the changeable market of the trends. In addition every industrially developed country in the world also classifies the technology and numerical control equipment of numerical control as the strategic materials of the country, not merely take the great measure to develop ones own numerical control technology and industry, and implement blockading and restrictive policy to our country in view of high-grade, precision and advanced key technology of numerical control and equipping. In a word, develop the advanced manufacturing technology taking numerical control technology as the core and already become every world developed country and accelerate economic development in a more cost-effective manner, important way to improve the overall national strength and national position. Numerical control technology is the technology controlled to mechanical movement and working course with digital information, integrated products of electromechanics that the numerical control equipment is the new technology represented by numerical control technology forms to the manufacture industry of the tradition and infiltration of the new developing manufacturing industry, namely the so-called digitization is equipped, its technological range covers a lot of fields: (1)Mechanical manufacturing technology; (2)Information processing, processing, transmission technology; (3)Automatic control technology; (4)Servo drive technology; (5)Technology of the sensor; (6)Software engineering ,etc. Development trend of a numerical control technologyThe application of numerical control technology has not only brought the revolutionary change to manufacturing industry of the tradition, make the manufacturing industry become the industrialized symbol , and with the constant development of numerical control technology and enlargement of the application, the development of some important trades (IT , automobile , light industry , medical treatment ,etc. ) to the national economy and the peoples livelihood of his plays a more and more important role, because the digitization that these trades needed to equip has already been the main trend of modern development. Numerical control technology in the world at present and equipping the development trend to see, there is the following several respect 1- in its main research focus. 5 A high-speed, high finish machining technology and new trend equippedThe efficiency, quality are subjavanufacturing technology. High-speed, high finish machining technology can raise the efficiency greatly , improve the quality and grade of the products, shorten production cycle and improve the market competitive power. Japan carries the technological research association first to classify it as one of the 5 great modern manufacturing technologies for this, learn (CIRP) to confirm it as the centre in the 21st century and study one of the directions in international production engineering. In the field of car industry, produce one second when beat such as production of 300,000 / vehicle per year, and many variety process it is car that equip key problem that must be solved one of; In the fields of aviation and aerospace industry, spare parts of its processing are mostly the thin wall and thin muscle, rigidity is very bad, the material is aluminium or aluminium alloy, only in a situation that cut the speed and cut strength very small high, could process these muscles, walls. Adopt large-scale whole aluminium alloy method that blank pay empty make the wing recently, such large-scale parts as the fuselage ,etc. come to substitute a lot of parts to assemble through numerous rivet , screw and other connection way, make the intensity , rigidity and dependability of the component improved. All these, to processing and equipping the demand which has proposed high-speed, high precise and high flexibility. According to EMO2001 exhibition situation, high-speed machining center is it give speed can reach 80m/min is even high , air transport competent speed can up to 100m/min to be about to enter. A lot of automobile factories in the world at present, including Shanghai General Motors Corporation of our country, have already adopted and substituted and made the lathe up with the production line part that the high-speed machining center makes
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