CA6140车床滤油器体(角形轴承)零件机械加工工艺规程及钻φ11孔夹具设计【钻φ11孔】【版本2】
CA6140车床滤油器体(角形轴承)零件机械加工工艺规程及钻11孔夹具设计【钻11孔】【版本2】,钻11孔,版本2,CA6140,车床,滤油器体,角形,轴承,零件,机械,加工,工艺,规程,11,夹具,设计,版本
西安工业大学北方信息工程学院毕业设计(论文)中期报告题目:角形轴承箱工艺编制及夹具设计系 (部): 机械信息系 专 业: 机械设计制造及其自动化 班 级: B070203 学 生: 朱政 学 号: B07020331 指导教师: 万宏强 2011年03月15日1. 设计(论文)进展状况1)、已完成了一篇外文翻译,检索查阅技术文献,对课题有了进一步的认识。熟悉了Solidworks画图软件。2)、已学习和掌握了夹具设计的基本理论和方法,了解了研究此课题的意义和外圆磨床的结构及其所加工零件的主要类型。3)、已分析研究工件的结构形状、尺寸、材料、热处理要求,主要表面的加工精度、表面粗糙度及其它技术要求。4)、已熟悉工艺文件和毛坯的种类、形状、加工余量及其精度。工件的加工工艺过程、工序图、本工序所处的地位,本工序前已加工表面的精度及表面粗糙度,基准面的状况以及加工时所需的磨削量。5)、已完成了弹性波纹套心轴夹具的设计,包括夹具的结构设计、原理设计及各个零件的形状、尺寸、公差配合的设计。6)、已用Solidworks软件绘制了第一套夹具的各个零件的零件图(三维建模)、工件的零件图及夹具的装配图。绘制了夹具的CAD装配图。2. 未完成的任务及解决的措施未完成的任务:1)、完成包括夹具的结构设计、原理设计及各个零件的形状、尺寸、公差配合的设计。2)、用Solidworks软件绘制每个夹具的各个零件的零件图、工件的零件图及夹具的转配图和夹具的CAD装配图。如图1零件二维图。图1角型轴承箱零件图解决的措施: 再一次认真的学习相关资料文献 熟悉掌握Solidworks软件,尽快完成个零件图的绘制 遇到问题,积极请教老师和同学3. 后期工作安排第10-14周 用Solidworks软件绘制每个夹具的各个零件的零件图、工件的零件图及夹具的装配图。第15-18周 完善数据库和三维模型,撰写毕业设计论文和必要的图纸,准备答辩。 指导教师签字: 年 月 日西安工业大学北方信息工程学院机械加工工艺过程卡片产品型号0001零件图号00产品名称角型轴承箱零件名称角型轴承箱共1页第1页材 料 牌 号HT150毛 坯 种 类毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯件数1每 台 件 数1备 注 工 序 号 工 名 序 称 工 序 内 容 车 间 工 段设 备工 艺 装 备 工 时 准终 单件1铸造(金属型)铸造毛胚2清砂检验毛坯各尺寸,不得有砂眼缺陷 3热处理人工时效温度,消除残余应力; 4加工外圆粗车左端面CA6140四爪卡盘5锪孔先锪30内孔面,再38内孔;立式钻床专用夹具6粗车粗车48外圆,切退刀槽;CA6140四爪卡盘7铰孔 铰38内孔,内孔倒角;Z35专用夹具8精车精车48外圆; CA6140四爪卡盘9钻孔 钻3-9通孔;加工中心专用夹具10磨磨左端面;M7120A 设 计(日 期) 校 对(日期) 审 核(日期) 标准化(日期) 会 签(日期) 标记处数更改文件号签 字 日 期标记处数更改文件号签 字 日 期西安工业大学北方信息工程学院机械加工工艺过程卡片产品型号0001零件图号00产品名称角型轴承箱零件名称角型轴承箱共1页第1页材 料 牌 号HT150毛 坯 种 类毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯件数1每 台 件 数1备 注 工 序 号 工 名 序 称 工 序 内 容 车 间 工 段设 备工 艺 装 备 工 时 准终 单件11磨磨左端面;M7120A12出油口加工出油口摇臂钻床Z35 专用夹具 13进油口 加工进油口摇臂钻床Z35 专用夹具 14钳工加工 用钳工去毛刺;15精磨 精磨48外圆M4W四爪卡盘16检验 检验是否达到要求的精度和粗糙度。17 181920 设 计(日 期) 校 对(日期) 审 核(日期) 标准化(日期) 会 签(日期) 标记处数更改文件号签 字 日 期标记处数更改文件号签 字 日 期车左端面机械加工工序卡片产品型号0001零件图号01产品名称角型轴承箱零件名称角型轴承箱共9页第1页 车间工序号工序名称材 料 牌 号0120车HT150毛 坯 种 类毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯可制件数每 台 件 数铸 件11设备名称设备型号设备编号同时加工件数卧式车床CA61400011夹具编号夹具名称切削液001四爪卡盘工位器具编号工位器具名称工序工时 (分)准终单件工步号工 步 内 容工 艺 装 备主轴转速切削速度进给量切削深度进给次数工步工时r/minm/minmm/rmm机动辅助1粗车:粗车左端面外圆车刀49474.50.41.232 设 计(日 期) 校 对(日期) 审 核(日期) 标准化(日期) 会 签(日期)标记处数更改文件号签 字 日 期标记处数更改文件号签 字 日 期锪、扩机械加工工序卡片产品型号0001零件图号02产品名称角型轴承箱零件名称角型轴承箱共9页第2页车间工序号工序名称材 料 牌 号0225锪HT150毛 坯 种 类毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯可制件数每 台 件 数铸 件11设备名称设备型号设备编号同时加工件数立式钻床摇臂钻床Z35 0021夹具编号夹具名称切削液002专用夹具工位器具编号工位器具名称工序工时 (分)准终单件工步号工 步 内 容工 艺 装 备主轴转速切削速度进给量切削深度进给次数工步工时r/minm/minmm/rmm机动辅助1先锪30内孔面30锪钻 33539.60.1342再扩38内孔38扩孔3 设 计(日 期) 校 对(日期) 审 核(日期) 标准化(日期) 会 签(日期)标记处数更改文件号签 字 日 期标记处数更改文件号签 字 日 期车机械加工工序卡片产品型号0001零件图号03产品名称角型轴承箱零件名称角型轴承箱共9页第3页车间工序号工序名称材 料 牌 号0330车HT150毛 坯 种 类毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯可制件数每 台 件 数铸 件11设备名称设备型号设备编号同时加工件数车床 CA61400031夹具编号夹具名称切削液003三抓卡盘工位器具编号工位器具名称工序工时 (分)准终单件工步号工 步 内 容工 艺 装 备主轴转速切削速度进给量切削深度进给次数工步工时r/minm/minmm/rmm机动辅助1粗车48外圆柱面YT硬质合金可转位车刀。32037.20.6212 设 计(日 期) 校 对(日期) 审 核(日期) 标准化(日期) 会 签(日期)标记处数更改文件号签 字 日 期标记处数更改文件号签 字 日 期铰机械加工工序卡片产品型号0001零件图号04产品名称角型轴承箱零件名称角型轴承箱共9页第4页车间工序号工序名称材 料 牌 号0435铰HT150毛 坯 种 类毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯可制件数每 台 件 数铸 件11设备名称设备型号设备编号同时加工件数立式钻床Z350041夹具编号夹具名称切削液004专用夹具工位器具编号工位器具名称工序工时 (分)准终单件工步号工 步 内 容工 艺 装 备主轴转速切削速度进给量切削深度进给次数工步工时r/minm/minmm/rmm机动辅助1铰38内孔,内孔倒角高速钢铰刀26518621 设 计(日 期) 校 对(日期) 审 核(日期) 标准化(日期) 会 签(日期)标记处数更改文件号签 字 日 期标记处数更改文件号签 字 日 期车机械加工工序卡片产品型号0001零件图号05产品名称角型轴承箱零件名称角型轴承箱共9页第5页车间工序号工序名称材 料 牌 号0540车HT150毛 坯 种 类毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯可制件数每 台 件 数铸 件11设备名称设备型号设备编号同时加工件数卧式车床CA61400051夹具编号夹具名称切削液005三抓卡盘工位器具编号工位器具名称工序工时 (分)准终单件工步号工 步 内 容工 艺 装 备主轴转速切削速度进给量切削深度进给次数工步工时r/minm/minmm/rmm机动辅助1 精车48外圆 硬质合金11201760.250.52 设 计(日 期) 校 对(日期) 审 核(日期) 标准化(日期) 会 签(日期)标记处数更改文件号签 字 日 期标记处数更改文件号签 字 日 期钻机械加工工序卡片产品型号0001零件图号06产品名称角型轴承箱零件名称角型轴承箱共9页第6页车间工序号工序名称材 料 牌 号0645钻HT150毛 坯 种 类毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯可制件数每 台 件 数铸 件11设备名称设备型号设备编号同时加工件数立式钻床350061夹具编号夹具名称切削液006专用夹具工位器具编号工位器具名称工序工时 (分)准终单件工步号工 步 内 容工 艺 装 备主轴转速切削速度进给量切削深度进给次数工步工时r/minm/minmm/rmm机动辅助1钻3-9通孔高速钻头1320300272341 设 计(日 期) 校 对(日期) 审 核(日期) 标准化(日期) 会 签(日期)标记处数更改文件号签 字 日 期标记处数更改文件号签 字 日 期磨机械加工工序卡片产品型号0001零件图号07产品名称角型轴承箱零件名称角型轴承箱共9页第7页车间工序号工序名称材 料 牌 号0750磨HT150毛 坯 种 类毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯可制件数每 台 件 数铸 件11设备名称设备型号设备编号同时加工件数卧式车床CA61400071夹具编号夹具名称切削液007专用夹具工位器具编号工位器具名称工序工时 (分)准终单件工步号工 步 内 容工 艺 装 备主轴转速切削速度进给量切削深度进给次数工步工时r/minm/minmm/rmm机动辅助1磨左端面M7120A152712000.150.32 设 计(日 期) 校 对(日期) 审 核(日期) 标准化(日期) 会 签(日期)标记处数更改文件号签 字 日 期标记处数更改文件号签 字 日 期进出油口机械加工工序卡片产品型号0001零件图号08产品名称角型轴承箱零件名称角型轴承箱共9页第8页车间工序号工序名称材 料 牌 号0855/60进出油口HT150毛 坯 种 类毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯可制件数每 台 件 数铸 件11设备名称设备型号设备编号同时加工件数立式钻床Z350081夹具编号夹具名称切削液008专用夹具工位器具编号工位器具名称工序工时 (分)准终单件工步号工 步 内 容工 艺 装 备主轴转速切削速度进给量切削深度进给次数工步工时r/minm/minmm/rmm机动辅助11. 钻11的孔高速麻花钻头33511.90.871422. 攻M18x1.5YG6硬质合金螺纹车刀85030114 设 计(日 期) 校 对(日期) 审 核(日期) 标准化(日期) 会 签(日期)标记处数更改文件号签 字 日 期标记处数更改文件号签 字 日 期磨机械加工工序卡片产品型号0001零件图号09产品名称角型轴承箱零件名称角型轴承箱共9页第9页车间工序号工序名称材 料 牌 号0965磨HT150毛 坯 种 类毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯可制件数每 台 件 数铸 件11设备名称设备型号设备编号同时加工件数卧式车床Z350091夹具编号夹具名称切削液009专用夹具工位器具编号工位器具名称工序工时 (分)准终单件工步号工 步 内 容工 艺 装 备主轴转速切削速度进给量切削深度进给次数工步工时r/minm/minmm/rmm机动辅助1 精磨48外圆M4W26672095 设 计(日 期) 校 对(日期) 审 核(日期) 标准化(日期) 会 签(日期)标记处数更改文件号签 字 日 期标记处数更改文件号签 字 日 期西安工业大学北方信息工程学院毕业设计(论文)开题报告题目:角形轴承箱零件工艺编制及夹具设计系 (部): 机械信息系 专 业: 机械设计制造及其自动化班 级: B070203 学 生: 朱政 学 号: B07020331 指导教师: 万宏强 2010年11月25日开题报告填写要求1开题报告作为毕业设计(论文)答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一。此报告应在指导教师指导下,由学生在毕业设计(论文)工作前期内完成。2开题报告内容必须按教务处统一设计的电子文档标准格式(可从教务处网页上下载)填写并打印(禁止打印在其它纸上后剪贴),完成后应及时交给指导教师审阅。3开题报告字数应在1500字以上,参考文献应不少于15篇(不包括辞典、手册,其中外文文献至少3篇),文中引用参考文献处应标出文献序号,“参考文献”应按附件中参考文献“注释格式”的要求书写。4 年、月、日的日期一律用阿拉伯数字书写,例:“2008年11月26日”。91. 毕业设计(论文)综述1.1课题背景机床夹具是重要的机械制造工艺设备,在机械加工中,夹具的设计是工艺设计的主要内容,传统的机床夹具设计工作量大,标准零件选用程序复杂。随着企业三维软件的逐渐普及,在三维设计时机床夹具零部件的建模需占用设计师大量时间,因此,开发机床夹具的标准零部件图库,可在一定程度上减少夹具设计,使用者的工作量,在机械设计中利用计算机技术,实现组合夹具的计算机辅助设计和计算,可是设计人员把更多的时间投入到创造性工作中去以达到缩短产品开发周期的目的。1.2课题研究意义工艺装备是制造系统中的一个重要组成部分。随着机械产品更新换代的不断加快,多品种小批量生产成为当前的主要生产方式,要求制造系统的设计制造具有快速响应产品变化的能力,能够缩短产品设计制造周期,增加制造系统的柔性,降低成本,提高产品质量。但是,由于工艺装备尤其是夹具零部件的标准化、系列化、规格化程度差,夹具设计完全依赖设计人员的经验,产品更新换代加快导致夹具设计工作量不断加大。因此快速实现夹具设计已成为企业的迫切要求。将计算机辅助设计技术应用到夹具设计的过程是解决这一问题的必然选择。随着计算机技术的发展和应用,计算机辅助夹具设计在理论和应用上都得到了迅速发展,大大提高了夹具的设计效率,缩短了生产准备周期。在产品设计中,大量应用标准件是代表一个国家和企业设计制造水平的重要标志。在机械产品中,有大约30%70%的零件是标准件,这些零件大多具有相同或相似的外形特征,只是尺寸规格有所不同,如果没有三维标准件库,将不得不在创建和开发过程中对标准件进行重复建模,不但耗费了设计人员的时间和精力,延长设计周期,而且增加了产品的生产制造成本,所以建立通用的符合国家标准和企业标准的标准件库是提高设计效率的保证。专用夹具的设计更不例外。因此利用三维CAD软件如UG、SoldiEdge、Pro/ENGINEER等建立通用的标准件库和机床夹具零部件库具有极其深远的意义和价值。1.3国内外研究的相关情况夹具是机械加工不可缺少的部件,在机床技术向高速、高效、精密、复合、智能、环保方向发展的带动下,夹具技术正朝着高精、高效、模块、组合、通用、经济方向发展。 近年来,由于数控机床、加工中心、成组技术、柔性制造系统(FMS)等新加工技术的应用,对机床夹具提出了如下新的要求13:(1)可以快速方便设备生产的新产品,以缩短生产准备阶段、降低生产成本,(2)能装夹一组具有相似性特征的工件;(3)能适用于精密加工的高精度机床夹具;(4)适用于各种现代制造技术的新型机床夹具, (5)采用以液压站等为动力源的高效夹紧装置,以进一步降低了工人的劳动强度,提高劳动生产率,(6)改善标准化机床夹具。2. 本课题研究的主要内容和拟采用的研究方案、研究方法或措施2.1课题研究内容以机床夹具标准为依据,用Pro/ENGINEER软件完成。设计角形轴承箱零件加工时所需的夹具。夹具设计时要考虑结合已建立的设计工作。2.2研究方案及方法机床夹具的标准件绘制可采用Pro/ENGINEER和CAD软件,其中Pro/ENGINEER通过定义特征来创建零件,而CAD可用来表达二维工程图和装配图。根据工件结构形状及所选夹具制定相关的加工工序。2.3研究原始资料,明确夹具任务1、为了明确夹具的设计任务,首先要分析研究工件的结构形状、尺寸、材料、热处理要求,主要表面的加工精度、表面粗糙度及其它技术要求。2、熟悉工艺文件和毛坯的种类、形状、加工余量及其精度。工件的加工工艺过程、工序图、本工序所处的地位,本工序前已加工表面的精度及表面粗糙度,基准面的状况以及加工时所需的磨削量。3、了解加工所用的设备、辅助工具中和设计夹具有关的技术性能、规格和工具车间的技术水平。必要时需要了解同类工件的加工方法和所用夹具的情况。2.4 确定夹具的结构方案确定夹具的结构方案,主要考虑一下问题: (1)确定工件的定位方式,选择或设计定位元件,计算定位误差 根据六点定位原理以及工件表面的各种形式,如平面、外圆、内孔等确定采用一定结构的定位元件,以保证定位元件的定位面和工件的定位基准面相接触和配合,实现工件的定位。 (2)确定工件的夹紧方式,选择和设计夹紧机构,计算夹紧力夹紧可以用手动、气动、液压或其他力源形式。重点应考虑夹紧力的大小、方向、作用点,以及作用力的传递方式,看是否会破坏定位,是否会造成工件过量变形,是否能满足生产率的要求。对于气动、液压夹具,应考虑气(液压)缸的形式、安装位置、活塞杆长短等。(3)确定刀具的引导方法,并设计引导元件和对刀装置。(4)确定夹具整体结构方案定位、夹紧确定之后,还要确定其他机构,如分度装置和工件顶出装置等。最后设计夹具体,将各种元件、机构有机地连接在一起。(5)夹具精度分析在绘制的夹具结构草图上,标注出初步确定的定位元件的公差配合关系及相互位置精度,然后计算定位误差,根据误差不等式关系检验所规定的精度是否满足本工序加工技术要求、是否合理。否则应采取措施然后(如重新确定公差,更换定位元件,改变定位基准,必要时甚至改变原设计方案)重新分析计算。(6)夹具夹紧力分析首先应计算切削力大小,它是计算夹紧力的主要依据。通常确定切削力由单位切削力算出或者由手册上提供的图表查出。根据切削力、夹紧力的方向、大小,按静力平衡条件求得理论夹紧力。为了保证工件装夹的安全可靠,夹紧机构(或元件)产生的实际夹紧力,一船应为理论夹紧力的1.52.5倍。(7)考虑多个夹具的总体结构,经过分析和比较,从中选取较合理的方案。3. 本课题研究的重点及难点,前期已开展工作3.1本课题研究的重点1)以机床夹具标准为依据,用Pro/ENGINEER软件完成机床夹具的标准件(部分)三维模型建模工作。2)夹具设计时要考虑结合已建立的机床夹具的标准件三维模型库,即设计时从机床夹具的标准件三维模型库中调用夹具设计时所需的标准零件快速完成角形轴承箱零件加工时所需的夹具设计工作。3.2本课题研究的难点1)对机床夹具手册中的查表和计算。2)机床夹具的标准三维建模。3)机床夹具的材料、形状、尺寸等参数的确定和有关夹紧力的计算问题。3.3前期已开展的工作分析课题,查找与课题有关的资料,进行初期的规划和整理,对课题研究的内容有了充分的认识,同时掌握了Pro/ENGINEER绘图工具,熟练掌握了三维绘图方法,为后期工作做了充分的准备。3.4预期设计(论文)成果 1、能够熟练运用计算机软件进行绘图。 2、按要求完成毕业论文的撰写。 3、按要求绘制出课题所需工程图。 4、按要求编制工艺规程。4 完成本课题的工作方案及进度计划(按周次填写)第1-2周:课题调研、软件学习、准备开题;第3周:开题答辩;第4-6周:完成数据库的整理、建立和修改,完成零件模型的建模;第7周:完成英文翻译;第8周:完成中期工作,提交中期报告;第9-11周:完成机床某零件的工艺设计和所需的关键工序夹具设计;第12-14周:完善三维模型和必要的图纸,撰写毕业设计论文,准备答辩;第18周,进行毕业答辩。5 指导教师意见(对课题的深度、广度及工作量的意见) 指导教师: 年 月 日 6 所在系审查意见: 系主管领导: 年 月 日。附件:参考文献 1文怀兴,夏田编著,数控机床系统设计M,化学工业出版社,20052赵红星,熊良山编著,计算机辅助夹具设计的研究内容和发展沿革J,组合机床与自动化加工技术,2007年02期3Wu Y,Rong Y M,Chu T C.Automated generation of dedicated fixture designJ,International Journal of Computer Application in Technology,1997(10):213-2354徐红静;王凤岐;郭伟;计算机辅助夹具系统的研究与开发J,机械设计 2005年03期5 蔡瑾,段国林,李翠玉,李德红.夹具设计技术发展综述J.河北工业大学学报, 2002年10月第31卷第5期:135137.6朱耀祥;发展组合夹具技术的新方向J,机械工人,冷加工 1985年11期7 Lin ZC, HuangJC.The fixture planning of modular fixtures of measurementJ, IIE Transactions.2000(32):345359.8Nee A Y C,Advaneed fixture design for FMS M. Newyork :SPringer-Verlag,1995:2427.9 朱耀祥,融亦鸣.柔性夹具与计算机辅助夹具设计技术的进展J.制造技术与机床, 2000(8): 5-8.10Lothar Handge;夹具系统的发展J,现代制造 2006年15期11孟少农主编,机械加工工艺手册M,机械工业出版社,199112刘文剑;苏宝华;李振明;半智能化组合夹具设计的研究J.哈尔滨工业大学学报 1994年04期13 孙晓斌等.基于特征的夹具设计方法研究J.机械科学与技术,2000年第19卷第3期:2630.14刘琼;唐虹;计算机辅助组合夹具管理系统J.航空科学技术 2005年04期15方坤礼;基于Pro/E的机床夹具虚拟设计技术研究D.浙江工业大学 2007毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译系 别 机电信息系 专 业 机械设计制造及其自动化 班 级 B070203 姓 名 朱 政 学 号 B07020331 外文出处 附 件 1. 原文; 2. 译文 2011年5月Numerical control technology and equipment trends and countermeasuresEquipment, technology and modern industry determines the level of the whole national economy and the degree of modernization, the development of numerical control technology and equipment is high-tech industry and cutting-edge emerging industries (such as information technology and industry, biotechnology and industry, aviation and aerospace national defense industry) enabling technology and the most basic equipment. Marx once said the difference between different economic era, is not what is produced, but rather how to produce, with the means of labor. Manufacturing technology and equipment is the most basic of human activities of production, and numerical control technology is todays most advanced manufacturing technology and equipment, the core technology. Widely used in manufacturing countries in the world of CNC technology to increase manufacturing capacity and level, to improve the dynamic ability to adapt to changing markets and competitiveness. In addition, the industrial countries in the world and CNC numerical control technology and equipment will also be listed as countries of strategic materials, not only to take significant steps to develop their own numerical control technology and industry, and in sophisticated numerical control technology and equipment in terms of key Chinas policy of closures and restrictions. In short, efforts to develop advanced numerical control technology as the core manufacturing technology has become the worlds developed countries to accelerate economic development, enhance the comprehensive national strength and an important way to statehood. CNC technology is the use of digital information on the mechanical movement and work process control, CNC equipment, CNC technology is represented by the new technology on the traditional manufacturing industries and the penetration of the formation of new manufacturing mechatronic products, the so-called digital equipment , covering many areas of the technology: (1) mechanical manufacturing technology; (2) information processing, processing and transmission technology; (3) automatic control technology; (4) servo drive technology; (5) sensor technology; (6) software technology. 1 CNC technology trends CNC technology not only to the traditional manufacturing industry has brought revolutionary changes to the manufacturing sector as a symbol of industrialization, and with the continuous development of numerical control technology and expansion of application fields, some of his national economy and major industries (IT, automotive , light industry, medical, etc.) plays an increasingly important role in the development, as these industries for the digital equipment is the major trend of modern development. CNC technology from the world development trend and its equipment, its main research focus in the following areas 1 to 4 . 1.1 high-speed, high precision technology and equipment of the new trend Efficiency, quality is the subject of advanced manufacturing technology. High-speed, high precision technology can greatly improve efficiency, improve product quality and grade, shorten the production cycle and improve market competitiveness. Japan carries the technology will be included as one of five great modern manufacturing technologies, International Institute of Production Engineering (CIRP) to determine the center of the 21st century research direction. In the car industry, with an annual production of 300,000 beat is 40 seconds / vehicle and car equipment variety processing is one of the key must be addressed; in the aviation and aerospace industry, and its processing for the thin-walled parts and more and thin muscle, stiffness is poor, the material is aluminum or aluminum alloy, high cutting speed and cutting force only in the case of a small can of these bars, wall processing. Recently, the whole aluminum alloy with large blank hollowed out approach to make wings, fuselage and other large part to replace multiple parts through a large number of rivets, screws and other assembly connection means, so that component strength, rigidity and dependability increased. These are made of processing equipment, high speed, high precision and high flexibility. Judging from the EMO2001 exhibition, high-speed machining center feed rate of up to 80m/min, or even higher, and air speed up to 100m/min so. Currently many of the world automobile plant, including Shanghai General Motors, have adopted high-speed machining center part of the production line of machine tool alternatives. CINCINNATI HyperMach U.S. companys largest machine tool feed speed up to 60m/min, quick to 100m/min, acceleration up to 2g, spindle speed has reached 60 000r/min. Aircraft parts machining a thin-walled, only 30min, and the same high-speed milling machine parts in general need to 3h, in the ordinary milling machine to be 8h; German DMGs dual-spindle lathe spindle speed and acceleration respectively 120000r/mm and 1g. In the processing accuracy, the past 10 years, the general level of precision CNC machine tools increased from 10m to 5m, precision machining center from the 3 5m, increased to 1 1.5m, and ultra-precision machining has begun to enter the nano-scale precision (0.01m). In terms of reliability, MTBF values foreign numerical control device has reached more than 6 000h, the servo system MTBF value reached more than 30000h, showing a very high reliability. In order to achieve high-speed, high precision, ancillary features such as spindle, linear motor has been the rapid development of application has been further expanded. 1.2 The five-axis machining and rapid development of machine tool 5-axis machining of three-dimensional surface, the best available tool for cutting geometry, not only finish high, but efficiency is greatly improved. Generally believed that 1 5-axis machine tool efficiency can be equal to 2 sets 3 axis machine tools, particularly the use of cubic boron nitride and other superhard materials, high-speed milling of hardened steel cutter part, the 5-axis machining 3-axis than play a more effective process. But in the past due to 5-axis CNC system, the host structure of complex reasons, the price than the 3-axis NC machine tool several times higher, in addition to programming more difficult, limiting the development of 5-axis machine tools. The current emergence of the spindle, making the realization of the complex 5-axis simultaneous machining spindle head structure simplified, the manufacturing difficulty and costs significantly reduced, narrowing the gap between the price of CNC system. So for the first type of complex 5-axis spindle machine tools and machine tool (including 5-face machining) development. In EMO2001 exhibition, New Japan Engineering Machine 5-face machining of composite spindle head, can achieve four vertical plane processing and the processing of any angle, making the 5-sided machining and 5 axis machining can be implemented on the same machine, but also can be achieved and the inverted cone inclined plane processing. German companies exhibit DMUVoution DMG machining center series, can be achieved in a 5-sided machining fixture and 5-axis machining, CNC system can be controlled or CAD / CAM controlled directly or indirectly. 1.3 intelligent, open, network development as the major contemporary trends in numerical control system 21 numerical control equipment will be sure the intelligent system, intelligent content included in all aspects of the numerical control system: the pursuit of processing efficiency and processing quality of intelligence, such as the adaptive control process, process parameters automatically generation; to improve the performance and easy to use intelligent connection, such as feedforward control, adaptive computing motor parameters, automatic identification of load select models, self-tuning, etc.; simplify programming, simplifying operational aspects of intelligence, such as smart of automatic programming, intelligent man-machine interfaces; also intelligent diagnosis, intelligent control aspects, to facilitate system diagnostics and maintenance. CNC system to address the closure of the traditional CNC applications and industrial production problems. Many countries now open CNC system of research, such as the United States NGC (The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control), the EC OSACA (Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems), Japan OSEC (Open System Environment for Controller), China, ONC (Open Numerical Control System) and so on. Open CNC system has become a numerical control system of the future of the road. The so-called open-CNC system is the development of numerical control system can be run in a unified platform for machine tool manufacturers and end users, by changing, adding or cutting out the structure object (NC function) to form a series, and easily the users special applications and technical know-how into the control system, rapid implementation of different varieties, different grades of open CNC system, the formation of a distinct brand personality. The open numerical control system architecture specification, communication specifications, configuration specifications, operating platform, function libraries and CNC numerical control system software development tools, system function is the core of the current study. Network numerical control equipment is well-known international machine tool fair the past two years, a new bright spot. NC network equipment will greatly satisfy the production lines, manufacturing systems, manufacturing information integration needs of enterprises, but also achieve new manufacturing model, such as agile manufacturing, virtual enterprises, global manufacturing the base unit. Some well-known at home and abroad, and CNC CNC machine tools manufacturing companies have introduced in recent years related to new concepts and prototype, as in EMO2001 exhibition, Japan Yamazaki Mazak (Mazak) that the company exhibits CyberProduction Center (intelligent production control center, referred to as CPC); Japan Okuma (Okuma) Machine Company exhibited IT plaza (Information Technology Square, referred to as IT Plaza); Germanys Siemens (Siemens) that the company exhibits Open Manufacturing Environment (open manufacturing environment, referred to as OME), etc. , reflecting the CNC machining direction of the network trend. 1.4 The emphasis on new technology standards, the establishment of norms 1.4.1 Specifications on the design and development of numerical control system As mentioned earlier, open CNC system has better versatility, flexibility, adaptability, scalability, the United States, the European Community and Japan have to implement the strategic development plan, and the open architecture CNC system specification (OMAC , OSACA, OSEC) research and development, the worlds three largest economies in the short term were almost the same as the scientific formulation of plans and specifications, indicating the numerical control technology to a new period of change to come. China also started in 2000, ONC CNC system in Chinas research and development of regulatory frameworks. 1.4.2 on the NC Standard NC standard is the development of manufacturing information of a trend. CNC technology 50 years after the birth of the exchange of information is based on ISO6983 standards, which adopts the G, M code describes how (how) processing, the essential characteristics of process-oriented, obviously, he can not meet modern CNC technology high-speed development. To this end, the international research and development is a new CNC system standard ISO14649 (STEP-NC), the aim is to provide a specific system does not rely on a neutral mechanism to describe the product life cycle of a unified data model in order to achieve the entire manufacturing process, various industrial fields as well as the standardization of product information. STEP-NC may be the emergence of a revolution in the field of numerical control technology, the development of numerical control technology for the manufacturing sector as a whole, will have far-reaching impact. First, STEP-NC manufacturing presents a new concept, the concept of traditional manufacturing, NC machining program are concentrated in a single computer. Under the new standard, NC programs can be distributed on the Internet, which is open numerical control technology and network development. Secondly, STEP-NC CNC system can also reduce processing drawings (about 75%), processing the time (about 35%) and processing time (about 50%). At present, Europe and the United States attaches great importance to the research STEP-NC, the European launch of the IMS STEP-NC program (1999.1.1 2001.12.31). To participate in this program are from Europe and Japan 20 CAD / CAM / CAPP / CNC users, vendors and academic institutions. U.S. STEP Tools is a global exchange of data within the software development industry, he has developed for the exchange of information of CNC machining super model (Super Model), whose goal is a unified specification describes all the process. Such new data exchange format has been equipped with SIEMENS, FIDIA and the European OSACA-NC NC system is verified on the prototype. 2 pairs of numerical control technology and industrial development of the basic estimate CNC technology in China started in 1958, nearly 50 years of development can be divided into three phases: the first from 1958 to 1979, that closed development stage. At this stage, due to blockade of foreign technology and our basic conditions, numerical control technology development is relatively slow. The second stage is in the states June, July and during the Eighth Five-Year Period, the introduction of technology, digestion and absorption, the initial set up phase of the localization system. At this stage, the reform and opening-up and national attention, and research and development to improve the environment and the international environment, Chinas numerical control technology research, development and localization of products have made great progress. The third stage is in the countrys Eighth, the latter and the Ninth Five-Year period, that the implementation of industry research, market competition stage. At this stage, Chinas domestic numerical control equipment industry has made substantial progress. In the Ninth Five, the end made CNC machine tools in the domestic market share of 50%, with domestic CNC system (popular) also reached 10%. Throughout the past 50 years of CNC technology development process, especially through four 5-year plan of research, on the whole achieved the following results. a. laid the foundation for the development of numerical control technology, the basic grasp of modern CNC technology. Our country is now basically understood from the NC system, servo drives, CNC host, plane and fittings based technology, which already has most of the technical basis for commercial development, part of the technology has been the commercialization and industrialization. b. formed a CNC industrial base. In the commercialization of research results and on the basis of some technology, such as the establishment of central NC, with a production capacity of aerospace CNC CNC system manufacturer. Lanzhou Electric Factory, NC Central and a number of servo systems and servo motor manufacturing plant and the Beijing First Machine Tool Plant, Jinan first machine tool factory hosts a number of CNC manufacturing facility. These plants basically formed the NC industry base in China. c. the establishment of a numerical research, development, management personnel of the basic team. Although the numerical control technology research and development and industrialization has made great progress, but we should also clearly understand that Chinas high-end research and development of numerical control technology, especially in the technology industrys situation and practical needs of China there is a large gap. Although the development of vertical fast in China, but the horizontal ratio (compared with foreign) not only the difference between the level of technology, the pace of development in some areas there are gaps, that some sophisticated CNC equipment, widening the gap between technical level. From an international point of view, on the level of numerical control technology and industrialization level is estimated as follows. a. the technical level, with foreign advanced level of about 10 to 15 years behind in technology is more sophisticated. b. industry level, market share is low, species coverage is small, there is no scale production; specialized features of lower production levels and complete; appearance quality is relatively poor; reliability is not high, lack of commercialization; CNC system made its own brand has not been established, the users lack of confidence. c. the ability of sustainable development, to pre-competitive research and development of numerical control technology, engineering weak; efforts to expand the field of numerical control technology is not strong; relevant standards research, development lags behind. The gap of the main reasons there are the following. a. awareness. NC Industrial process of domestic difficulty, complexity and characteristics of long-term lack of knowledge; on the market are not standardized, plus kill the blockade of foreign, institutional and other difficult to underestimate; on the level of application of CNC technology and capacity analysis is not enough. b. system aspects. From a technical point of concern when the issue of CNC multi-industry, from the systematic perspective of industry chain issues into account when the CNC industry less; not established a complete matching system of high-quality, comprehensive training, services, network support system . c. mechanisms. Bad causes the brain drain, but also restricts the line of technology and technology innovation, product innovation, and effective implementation of the planning constraints, are often the ideal planning, implementation difficulties. d. technology. Enterprises in technology innovation is not strong, the core technology, engineering capability is not strong. Standard machine behind the low level of numerical control system the new standard is not enough. 3 pairs of numerical control technology and industrial development of the strategic thinking 3.1 Strategic considerations China is a manufacturing country in the world should try to accept the transfer of industries in the front instead of back-end of the transfer, that is, to master the core technology of advanced manufacturing, or in the new round of international industrial structure adjustment, Chinas manufacturing industry will be further empty core. Our resources, the environment, the market price, the exchange may be just get the new world economic pattern in the international processing center and assembly center and not grasp the core technology of the manufacturing center, this will seriously affect our development of modern manufacturing processes. We should stand on national security strategy of the height of great importance to numerical control technology and industrial issues, starting with the social security perspective, because manufacturing is the largest sector of employment, manufacturing industry can not only improve peoples living standards, but also ease of the pressure of employment, to ensure social stability; followed from the national security, the western countri
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