高二英语人教版必修5课时作业：Unit 1 Great scientists 2 Word版含解析精修版

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1、人教版英语精品资料（精修版）课时作业(二)Section Learning about Language & Using Language.阅读理解 ADo you suppose Darwin，one of the greatest scientists of all time，really did foolish experiments？Or did he do experiments that were so simple and basic that other people just thought they were foolish?Sometimes，people think t

2、hey already known the answer to a question or the solution to a problem.Sometimes，they really do know an answer or a solution，but without thinking they are important.Charles Darwin didnt settle for(满足于)just thinking he knew something.And he believed all things could be important however simple they

3、seemed to be.Suppose you drop sheets of paper that are of exactly the same size and shape.If you drop them at the same time in the same place，they will fall in the same way.Now make one of the sheets of paper into a tight little ball and let it drop along with the other sheets.What happens？You have

4、done an experiment that is so simple that you might think it couldnt be worth anything.But this simple experiment is important.It explains part of our presentday understandings of physics that were worked out long ago by Galileo and Newton.And these understandings set_aside some of ancient Greek phy

5、sics.Scientists sometimes stop to look at very simple things and to think very hard about them.Even the simplest idea，which we might think is foolish，can shake the foundations of science.1The passage tells us that Charles Darwin _.Awas a great English scientistBalways liked doing the experiments tha

6、t others thought difficultCthought even the simplest thing was importantDdidnt get on well with others2The underlined phrase “set aside” most probably means_.Athrow awayBstore upCput to useDrealize3The author of the passage tries to_.Aconvince us that Charles Darwin，Galileo and Newton are the greate

7、st scientists in the worldBdraw the conclusion that basic sciences are simple thingsCprove that two sheets of paper，with the same size and shape，will fall at the same speedD draw our attention to everyday happening around us4Which of the following is TRUE?ADarwin really did foolish experiments.BAcco

8、rding to some people，Darwin did foolish experiments.CIt is believed by all the people that things could be important though they seemed to be simple.DGalileo and Newton worked out ancient Greek physics.语篇解读：最简单的事情都可能动摇科学的根基，读者要留意身边的每一件事，哪怕它非常简单。1C解析：推理判断题。短文并没有说Charles Darwin是哪个国家的科学家，可排除A；由第二段可知别人认

9、为Darwin的许多实验太简单不值得做，可把B排除；文中没有论述Darwin与别人相处的事情，可排除D。由第三段中“he believed all things could be important however simple they seemed to be.”可推出答案C。2A解析：词义猜测题。由上文可知作者认为做这个简单实验是重要的，它解释了目前人们对于物理方面的部分理解。因此这些理解当然是推翻了一些希腊古典物理学的观点。由此可推知set aside与throw away同义。3D解析：主旨大意题。短文的最后一段点明最简单的事情都可能动摇科学的根基，意在告诉读者要留意身边的每一件事，

10、哪怕它非常简单。4B解析：细节理解题。短文第一段第二句“Or did he do experiments that were so simple and basic that other people just thought they were foolish？”明确告诉我们，有些人认为Darwin做了愚蠢的实验。BMisery and setbacks are not always as terrible as one imagines.Hard times can offer new ways of looking at life that would otherwise never b

11、e known.And，if you are a writer，this can be the source of much of your success.Popular British author，Charles Dickens(18121870) family could hardly make ends meet.They could only afford to send one of their six children to school.Dickens was not that child.His parents chose to send a daughter，who ha

12、d a talent for music，to an academy.Then at the age of 12，Dickens life took another turn for the worse.His father，a clerk，was placed in prison for unpaid debts.And，being the oldest male left at home，Dickens took up work at a factory.His horrible experience there became the fuel for his future writing

13、.His father was freed three months later and inherited a small amount of money.Dickens was then sent to school.From 1836 to 1837，he wrote a monthly series of stories.Thus The Pickwick Papers，came into being，which brought fame to the 23yearold man.Throughout his career，Dickens covers various situatio

14、ns in his novels.He wrote about the miserable lives of the poor in Oliver Twist，the French Revolution in Tale of Two Cities，and social reform in Hard Times.He also wrote David Copperfield，a book thought to be based on his own life.“I do not write bitterly or angrily，for I know all these things have

15、worked together to make me what I am，”he once said.His difficult childhood did shape the person he became，as well as his writing career.There are shades_of young Dickens in many of his most beloved characters，including David Copperfield and Oliver Twist.Like the author，all these characters come from

16、 poor beginnings and are able to rise above their setbacks and achieve success.“Minds，like bodies，will often fall into an illconditioned state from too much comfort，”he once wrote.On June 9th,1870，aged 58，Dickens died，leaving one unfinished work.The words on his tombstone read：“He was a sympathizer

17、to the poor，the suffering and the oppressed (受压迫者)，and by his death，one of Englands greatest writers is lost to the world.”5The book that called public attention to Dickens was_.AThe Pickwick PapersBOliver TwistCTale of Two CitiesDDavid Copperfield6The underlined phrase “shades of” in Paragraph 10 m

18、eans “_”Avarious shapes ofBsituations ofCdifferent experiences ofDreminders of7How did Dickens see his childhood?AHe felt grateful for it.BHe felt it a pity that things werent in his favor.CHe loved writing about it.DHe chose to forget the bitterness about it.8From the story，we can see Dickens attit

19、ude towards an easy life is_.Ato enjoy itBto hate itCnot to indulge in itDto work hard for it语篇解读：这是一篇记叙文。本文主要介绍了狄更斯以及他的作品的情况。5A解析：细节理解题。文中From 1836 to 1837，he wrote a monthly series of stories.Thus The Pickwick Papers，came into being，which brought fame to the 23yearold man.说明让23岁的狄更斯出名的作品是The Pickw

20、ick Papers。6D解析：词义猜测题。结合上文的His difficult childhood did shape the person he became，as well as his writing career.可知他的童年对他的影响比较大，同时也影响了他的作品中的人物，因此作品中的人物往往有他自己的影子，故选D。7A解析：推理判断题。从文章第一段及引用Dickens的几句话，我们可以推断出Dickens对自己童年经历的态度和看法。容易误选C。C项只提供了一个事实，并不能反映态度。8C解析：观点态度题。文中“Minds，like bodies，will often fall int

21、o an illconditioned state from too much comfort，”he once wrote.明显流露出他的观点。.短文改错Recently，our school has held the meaningful discussion on whether it is reasonable for middle school students to have classes on weekends.Some of our classmates believe we should have classes on weekends because we can mak

22、e fully use of the free time to review the lessons we had learnt.Some others are against the opinion，saying we had better to have a good rest on weekends so that we can work effective during the weekdays.The rest agree with neither of the opinion.They have the view which keeping the balance between

23、work and play are both important for us.They suggest one day of the weekend should used to learn our lessons and during the other day we do something interested or have a rest.答案：Recently，our school has held meaningful discussion on whether it is reasonable for middle school students to have classes

24、 on weekends.Some of our classmates believe we should have classes on weekends because we can make use of the free time to review the lessons we learnt.Some others are against the opinion，saying we had better have a good rest on weekends so that we can work during the weekdays.The rest agree with ne

25、ither of the .They have the view keeping the balance between work and play both important for us.They suggest one day of the weekend should used to learn our lessons and during the other day we do something or have a rest.语法填空When you take a walk in any of the cities in the West，you often see a lot

26、of people 1._ (walk) with dogs.It is still true that the dog is the most useful and faithful animal in the world.But the reasons why people keep a dog 2._(change)In the old days, people used to train dogs to protect themselves against the attacks 3._ other beasts.And later they came 4._(realize) tha

27、t the dog was not only useful but also willing 5._ (obey) its master.For example，when people used dogs for hunting, the dogs would not eat what they caught without 6._ (permit)But now people in the city need not protect themselves against attacks of animals.Why do they keep dogs, then? Some people k

28、eep dogs to protect themselves from robbery，but the 7._ important reason is for companionship.For a child，8._ dog is his best friend when he has no friends to play with；for a young couple，a dog is 9._ (they) child when they have no children；for old couples，a dog is also their child when their real c

29、hildren have grown up.So the main reason why people 10._ dogs has changed from protection to friendship.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了人类养狗的原因的变化。1walking解析：考查非谓语动词的用法。此处构成see sb. doing sth.结构，表示“看到某人正在做某事”。2have changed解析：考查动词的时态。人们养狗的原因已经变了，此处用现在完成时表示结果。3by/from/of解析：考查介词的用法。过去，人们常常训练狗，以保护他们自己免受其他野兽的袭击。4to realize解析

30、：考查非谓语动词的用法。意为“后来他们逐渐认识到”。5to obey解析：考查非谓语动词的用法。主语beadj.to do sth.为固定句型。6permission解析：考查名词的用法。此处作介词without的宾语，应用名词形式。7most解析：考查形容词的最高级形式。此处讲述养狗的原因，其中最重要的原因是狗可以陪伴主人。8a解析：考查不定冠词的用法。此处用不定冠词表示泛指，意为“对于孩子来说，当他没有朋友一起玩时狗是他最好的朋友”。9their解析：考查代词的用法。此处名词前缺少限定词，由前面的“a young couple”可知此处应用their。10keep解析：考查动词的用法。本文

31、主要说明人们养狗的原因的变化，因此用keep，由上文中的“keep a dog”“keep dogs”也可得出答案。.语篇翻译如今，科学家们提出(put forward)人们应更多注意水污染(pollute)问题。然而，在过去人们不会把疾病和水污染联系(link.to)在一起。1854年，伦敦发生了严重霍乱。很多医生怀疑(suspect)被污染的水是罪魁祸首(blame)。通过分析(analyse)这些事实，约翰斯诺证明脏水导致严重的(severe)疾病。因此政府指令(instruct)人们饮用干净的水。通过历史，我们可以得出结论(draw a conclusion)：一个良好的、无污染的环境

32、对人们的健康和生活的改善是很重要的。答案：Nowadays scientists put forward that people should pay more attention to polluted water.However in the past people didnt link illness to it.In 1854 in London，a serious cholera broke out.Many doctors suspected that polluted water was to blame.By analysing these facts，John Snow proved that dirty water led to severe illnesses，so the government instructed people to drink clean water.From the history，we can draw a conclusion that a good environment without pollution is of great importance to peoples life and health.