考研英语模拟题模拟121考卷附答案

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1、全国硕士研究生入学考试英语全真冲刺试卷Simulated National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS CandidatesSection Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. It is generally recognized in the world that the second Gulf War in I

2、raq is a crucial test of high-speed Web. For decades, Americans have anxiously (1) each war through a new communications (2) , from the early silent film of World War I to the 24-hour cable news (3) of the first Persian Gulf War. Now, (4) bombs exploding in Baghdad, a sudden increase in wartime (5)

3、for online news has become a central test of the (6) of high-speed Internet connections. It is also a good (7) both to attract users to online media (8) and to persuade them to pay for the material they find there, (9) the value of the Cable News Network persuaded millions to (10) to cable during th

4、e last war in Iraq. (11) by a steady rise over the last 18 months in the number of people with high-speed Internet (12) , now at more than 70 million in the United States, the Web sites of many of the major news organizations have (13) assembled a novel collage (拼贴 of (14) video, audio reports, phot

5、ography collections, animated weaponry (15) , interactive maps and other new digital rep6rtage. These Internet services are (16) on the remarkable abundance of sounds and images (17) from video cameras (18) on Baghdad and journalists traveling with troops. And they have found a (19) audience of Amer

6、ican office workers (20) their computers during the early combat. 1. A notified B publicized C followed D pursued2. A means B medium C method Dmeasure3. A coverage B publication C convention D conveyance4. A during B in C as D with5. A report B demand C concern D prospect6. A ability B chance C pote

7、ntial D power7. A opportunity B perspective C message D response8. A outlets B resources C circumstances D positions9. A for all that B now that C just as D as if10. A subject B contribute C apply D subscribe11. A Discouraged B Inspired C Impressed D Effected12. A approach B usage C application D ac

8、cess13. A radically B plausibly C orderly D hastily 14. A living B alive C live D lively15. A destruction B displays C installation D contest16. A capitalizing B embarking C broadcasting D operating17. A accessible B desirable C feasible D available18. A focused B rested C reckoned D depended19. A c

9、ontinuous B perpetual C captive D temporary20. A with B at C beside D near Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Text 1 We have known for a long time that the org

10、anization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn between them. But we have realized only recently that the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down, and that definitions evolve in accordance with different types of culture known to us,

11、 that is, scientific discoveries and ideological revolutions. Our nature is not considered as immutable, either socially or biologically. As we approach the beginning of the 21st century, the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging the roles, responsibilities and s

12、pecific characteristics attributed to each sex, and yet, scarcely twenty years ago, these were thought to be beyond dispute. We can safely say, with a few minor exceptions, that the definition of the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the beginning of the 19th c

13、entury to the 1960s. The role distinction, raised in some cases to the status of uncompromising dualism on a strongly hierarchical model, lasted throughout this period, appealing for its justification to nature, religion and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time. The woman bore chil

14、dren and took care of the home. The man set out to conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his family, by satisfying their needs in peacetime and going to war when necessary. The entire world order rested on the divergence of the sexes. Any overlapping or confusion between the role

15、s was seen as a threat to the time-honored order of things. It was felt to be against nature, a deviation from the norm. Sex roles were determined according to the place appropriate to each. Womens place was, first and foremost, in the home. The outside world, i.e. workshops, factories and business

16、firms, belonged to men. This sex-based division of the world (private and public) gave rise to a strict dichotomy between the attitudes, which conferred on each its special identity. The woman, sequestered at home, cared, nurtured and conserved. To do this, she had no need to be daring, ambitious, t

17、ough or competitive. The man, on the other hand, competing with his fellow men, was caught up every day in the struggle for survival, and hence developed those characteristics which were thought natural in a man. Today, many women go out to work, and their reasons for doing so have changed considera

18、bly. Besides the traditional financial incentives, we find ambition and personal fulfillment motivating those in the most favorable circumstances, and the wish to have a social life and to get out of their domestic isolation influencing others. Above all, for all women, work is invariably connected

19、with the desire for independence. Notes: immutable不可改变的。dualism双重论。divergence分歧,偏离。overlapping部分巧合、一致。time- honored由来已久的。dichotomy一分为二，对立。sequester使隔离。 be caught up in 被缠住于：He is caught up in the trivia (琐事) of everyday things, unduly 过渡地，不恰当地。21. It is only in recent years that we have recognized t

20、hat A there is almost no clue to the identity of both sexes. B the role distinction between different sexes is conspicuous. C the different definitions of sexes bears on the development of culture. D the progress of civilization greatly influences the role definitions of sexes.22. From paragraph 1 w

21、e can infer that it is now possible for women to embark on a career because A the change in sex roles is out of the question. B womens lib has been going on for many years. C ideas about the roles of women have been changing. D the expansion of sciences scarcely remolds the womens roles.23. The auth

22、or believes that sex discrimination in the West before the 1960s was A preferable. B prevalent. C presumable. D precedent.24. According to the fourth paragraph, the author seems to think that A female passivity is natural. B men and women are physically identical. C men are born competitive and aggr

23、essive. D some different sex identity is acquired. 25. According to the author, which of the following is the most important reason for women to go to work? A Wish to claim their rights and freedom. B Ambition and self-fulfillment. C Financial incentives. D Desire for a social life.Text 2 The domest

24、ic economy in the United States expanded in a remarkably vigorous and steady fashion. The revival in consumer confidence was reflected in the higher proportion of incomes spent for goods and services and the marked increase in consumer willingness to take on installment debt. A parallel strengthenin

25、g in business psychology was manifested in a stepped-up rate of plant and equipment spending and a gradual pickup in expenses for inventory. Confidence in the economy was also reflected in the strength of the stock market and in the stability of the bond market. For the year as a whole, consumer and

26、 business sentiment benefited from the ease in East-West tensions. The bases of the business expansion were to be found mainly in the stimulative monetary and fiscal policies that had been pursued. Moreover, the restoration of sounder liquidity positions and tighter management control of production

27、efficiency had also helped lay the groundwork for a strong expansion. In addition, the economic policy moves made by the President had served to renew optimism on the business outlook while boosting hopes that inflation would be brought under more effective control. Finally, of course, the economy w

28、as able to grow as vigorously as it did because sufficient leeway existed in terms of idle men and machines. The United States balance of payments deficit declined sharply. Nevertheless, by any other test, the deficit remained very large, and there was actually a substantial deterioration in our tra

29、de account to a sizable deficit, almost two thirds of which was with Japan. While the overall trade performance proved disappointing, there are still good reasons for expecting the delayed impact of devaluation to produce in time a significant strengthening in our trade picture. Given the size of th

30、e Japanese component of our trade deficit, however, the outcome will depend importantly on the extent of the corrective measures undertaken by Japan. Also important will be our own efforts in the United States to fashion internal policies consistent with an improvement in our external balance. The u

31、nderlying task of public policy for the year aheadand indeed for the longer run remained a familiar one: to strike the right balance between encouraging healthy economic growth and avoiding inflationary pressures. With the economy showing sustained and vigorous growth, and with the currency crisis h

32、ighlighting the need to improve our competitive posture internationally, the emphasis seemed to be shifting to the problem of inflation. The Phase Three program of wage and price restraint can contribute to reducing inflation. Unless productivity growth is unexpectedly large, however, the expansion

33、of real output must eventually begin to slow down to the economys larger run growth potential if generalized demand pressures on prices are to be avoided. Notes: inventory存贷, East-West tensions东西方紧张局势。fiscal (怀国库的钱有关的)财务的(常指税收)。 liquidity 周转率，清偿力。leeway余地。given鉴于,由于。the Phase Three program第三阶段计划。26.

34、 The author mentions increased installment debt in the first paragraph in order to show A the continuing expansion of the economy. B the growth of consumer purchasing power. C the consumers confidence in the economy. D the soaring consumer incomes for spending.27. Paragraph 2 mainly deals with A the

35、 revival of stronger liquidity positions. B the stimulative monetary and fiscal policies. C the causes of business development for the period. D economic policy measures suggested by the President.28. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that the authors attitude toward the reduction of the i

36、nternational payments deficit seems A bitter-sweet. B optimistic. C sympathetic. D depressing.29. Part of the public policy task, as outlined in the text, is to A prevent payments deficit. B avoid inflationary pressures. C devalue the dollar. D increase the balance of trade.30. It can be learned fro

37、m the last paragraph that the Phase Three program contained A reduced government spending. B devaluation of the dollar. C productivity measures. D wage and price controls.Text 3 Shopping has always been something of an impulse activity, in which objects that catch our fancy while strolling are immed

38、iately bought on a whim. Advertisers and sellers have taken advantage of this fact, carefully positioning inexpensive but attractive items on paths that we are most likely to cross, hoping that our human nature will lead to a greater profit for them. With the dawn of the Internet and its exploding u

39、se across the world, the same tactics apply. Advertisers now place banners, links to commercial web sites decorated with attractive pictures designed to catch our eyes while browsing the webs, on key web sites with heavy traffic. They pay top dollar for the right, thus creating profits for the hosti

40、ng web sites as well. These actions are performed in the hopes that during the course of our casual and leisurely web surfing, well click on that banner that sparks our interest and thus, in theory, buy the products advertised. Initial results have been positive. Web sites report a huge inflow of ca

41、sh, both from the advertisers who tempt customers in with the banners and the hosting web sites, which are paid for allowing the banners to be put in place. As trust and confidence in Internet buying increases and information security is heightened with new technology, the volume of buying is increa

42、sing, leading to even greater profits. The current situation, however, is not quite as optimistic. Just as magazine readers tend to unconsciously ignore advertisements in their favorite periodicals, web browsers are beginning to allow banners to slip their notice as well. Internet users respond to t

43、he flood of banners by viewing them as annoyances, a negative image that is hurting sales, since users are now less reluctant to click on those banners, preferring not to support the system that puts them in place. If Internet advertising is to continue to be a viable and profitable business practic

44、e, new methods will need to be considered to reinvigorate the industry. With the recent depression in the technology sector and slowing economy, even new practices may not do the trick. As consumers are saving more and frequenting traditional real estate businesses over their Internet counterparts,

45、the fate of Internet business is called into question. The coming years will be the only reliable indication of whether shopping on the World Wide Web is the wave of the future or simply an impulse activity whose whim has passed. Notes: on a whim 心血来潮；surf v. 冲浪；in theory 在理论上,顺理成章；hosting 访问率高的；cal

46、l . into question质疑,对. 提出疑问.31. It can be learned from the first paragraph that Internet advertising A has taken the place of more traditional methods of advertising. B is one of the most effective ways to make profits on the web. C is paralleling advertising methods in traditional business settings

47、. D seeks to tempt customers through impulse shopping methods.32. The second and third paragraphs are written in order to illustrate A the policy Internet advertisers design to lure clientele and its outcome. B the process and mixed consequences of Internet advertising and shopping. C the biggest sp

48、lash Internet advertisers have recently made in sales promotions. D the banners Internet advertisers take advantage of to arouse customers interest.33. Analyzing the current state of the online advertising in paragraph 4, the author implies that A it has to be modified over time to remain effective.

49、 B for all its current profits, it will fade in the long run. C banners are beginning to lose their advertising efficiency. D Internet advertising methods will continue to decrease sales.34. The expression do the trick in the last paragraph most probably means A come to the point. B fulfill their pu

50、rpose. C fail of their success. D live up to their promise.35. The authors attitude toward online advertising can be summarized as one of A reserved consent but discontent. B objective analysis void of opinions. C enthusiastic support but slight contempt. D approval so far but uncertainty in the fut

51、ure.Text 4 Picture-taking is a technique both for reflecting the objective world and for expressing the singular self. Photographs depict objective realities that already exist, though only the camera can disclose them. And they depict an individual photographers temperament, discovering itself thro

52、ugh the cameras cropping of reality. That is, photography has two directly opposite ideals, in the first, photography is about the world and the photographer is a mere observer who counts for little; but in the second, photography is the instrument of fearlessness, questing subjectivity and the phot

53、ographer is all. These conflicting ideals arise from uneasiness on the part of both photographers and viewers of photographs toward the aggressive component in taking a picture. Accordingly, the ideal of a photographer as observer is attracting because it implicitly denies that picturetaking is an a

54、ggressive act. The issue, of course, is not so clear-cut. What photographers do cannot be characterized as simply predatory or as simply, and essentially, benevolent. As a consequence, one ideal of picture-taking or the other is always being rediscovered and championed. An important result of the co

55、existence of these two ideals is a recurrent ambivalence toward photographys means. Whatever are the claims that photography might make to be a form of personal expression just like painting, its originality is closely linked to the power of a machine. The steady growth of these powers has made poss

56、ible the extraordinary informativeness and imaginative formal beauty of many photographs, like Harold Edgertons high-speed photographs of a bullet hitting its target or of the swirls and eddies of a tennis stroke. But as cameras become more sophisticated, more automated, some photographers are tempt

57、ed to disarm themselves or to suggest that they are not really armed, preferring to submit themselves to the limit imposed by pre-modern camera technology because a cruder, less high-powered machine is thought to give more interesting or emotive results, to leave more room for creative accident. For

58、 example, it has been virtually a point of honor for many photographers, including Walker Evans and Cartier Bresson, to refuse to use modern equipment. These photographers have come to doubt the value of the camera as an instrument of fast seeing. Cartier Bresson, in fact, claims that the modern cam

59、era may see too fast. This ambivalence toward photographic means determines trends in taste. The cult of the future (of faster and faster seeing) alternates over time with the wish to return to a purer past when images had a handmade quality. This longing for some primitive state of the photographic

60、 enterprise is currently widespread and underlies the present-day enthusiasm for daguerreotypes and the work of forgotten nineteenth-century provincial photographers. Photographers and viewers of photographs, it seems, need periodically to resist their own knowingness.Notes: crop vt.播种,修剪(树木)收割。 cou

61、nt for little 无关紧要。predatory 掠夺成性的。champion n.军；vt.支持。benevolent好心肠的，ambivalence矛盾心理。make (+不定式)似乎要: He makes to begin. (他似乎要开始了) swirls and eddies 漩涡。cult 狂热崇拜。daguerreotypes (初期的)银板照相法。36. The two directly opposite ideals of photography differ primarily in the A emphasis that each places on the emotional impact of the finished product. B degree of technical knowledge that each requires of the photographer. C way in which each defines the role of the photographer. D extent of the powe