英语短文教育材料

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1、研究：忙碌的人更快乐作者：101 出自：101远程教育网 A bored woman fell asleep in a theater. The secret to happiness is keeping busy, research has found.The secret to happiness is keeping busy, research has found.Keeping the mind occupied with tasks - no matter how meaningless - staves off negative emotions, the study foun

2、d.However, the bad news is that humans seem hard-wired to be lazy in order to save energy, according to Professor Christopher Hsee, a behavioural scientist at Chicago University.In a study 98 students were asked to complete two surveys. After they had completed the first they were made to wait 15 mi

3、nutes to receive the next one.They were given a choice of either hing in the first survey nearby or at a more distant location they had to walk to. Whichever option they chose, they received a chocolate bar.Two-thirds (68 per cent) chose the lazy option.Those who had taken the walk reported feeling

4、happier than those who had stayed put.Prof Hsee concluded keeping busy helped keep people happy.He said the findings, reported in the journal Psychological Science, had policy implications.Governments may increase the happiness of idle citizens by having them build bridges that are actually useless,

5、 he proposed.At the individidual level, he advised: Get up and do something. Anything. Even if there really is no point to what you are doing, you will feel better for it.He added: Incidentally, thinking deeply or engaging in self-reflection s as keeping busy, too.You do not need to be running aroun

6、d, you just need to be engaged, either physically or mentally.一项研究发现，快乐的秘诀就是让自己忙起来。该研究发现，让自己有点事情可想无论是多么没意思的事都有助于抵制消极情绪。然而，据芝加哥大学行为科学家奚恺元教授介绍，人类似乎生性懒惰，旨在保存精力。研究人员让98个学生做了两项调查。这两个调查间隔15分钟。在此期间，学生可以就近提交第一个调查的结果，或者步行至一个较远的地方递交结果。无论选择哪一种途径，他们都会获赠一块巧克力。其中，三分之二（68%）的人选择了走近路。但据报告，走路去递交结果的人比待在原地的人感觉更加快乐。奚教授由

7、此得出结论，让自己忙一点有助于保持好的心情。该研究在心理科学杂志上发表。奚教授称该发现具有政策指导意义。他建议说：“比如，政府可以让没事可做的民众建造实际上并没有什么用处的桥梁来提升他们的幸福感。”就个人而言，他建议说：“起来干点什么吧。做什么都行。就算你所做的事情没什么实际意义，你也会因此而感到快乐。”他说：“另外，思考或反省也是让自己动起来的一种方式。”“你不需要东奔西跑，只需要有事情做，无论是体力上的还是脑力上的。”笑的诠释-透视文化的差异作者：101 出自：101远程教育网 Interpreting a Laugh Huihua, a Chinese student, Mary, an

8、 American student studying Chinese in China, were on their way to a bookstore. As they got to the bookstore, they saw a young man walking down a flight of stairs. In his hurry, he missed the last two steps, and fell on the ground. He struggled to get back to his feet while people around him laughed.

9、 Fortunately, he seemed to be O. K. Mary was worried. She found Huihua smiling a little and was not comfortable about it. Tell me, Huihua, how could people laugh when someone fell like that? Do they care at all? Shouldnt they go up and ask the young man whether he was hurt? Huihua said, they knew he

10、 wasnt hurt too much. But I still dont understand. A fall is a fall. In my culture, people would do anything but laugh! Chinese perspective This is another example in which the Chinese and the Westerner interpret a smile differently. As mentioned in the last case, Chinese people resort to laugh or s

11、mile when they feel embarrassed. Very often, the person caught in the embarrassing situation would also laugh or make a joke, to ease the embarrassment. However, if someone gets hurt seriously, it will not be a laughing matter any more. People will help him/her instead. North American perspective A

12、Westerner would interpret laughter in such a setting as a sign of either insensitivity or, worse, pleasure that the person falling had hurt himself/herself because that person was disliked. A Westerners response would have been to rush over, assist the person up, and to inquire about any injury by s

13、aying something like, Are you okay? If a Westerner fell, they, like a Chinese person, might attempt to make a joke out of the incident if they were not hurt. If two close friends are walking together, and one trips but clearly isnt hurt, a common joke is to say Have a nice trip a pun based on two ve

14、ry different meanings of trip: one meaning a vacation, the other meaning to stumble. However, this joke would be made only between two people who knew each other well. 中文：中国学生慧华和在中国学中文的美国学生玛丽结伴去书店。到书店时看到一个年轻人正下楼梯，匆忙中少踩了最后两级楼梯，摔倒在地上。他挣扎着站起来，周围一片哄笑声，所幸的是他没受什么伤。 玛丽挺为那个年轻人担心，却见慧华嘴角上也有笑意，玛丽看了觉得不是滋味。“慧华，告

15、诉我，为什么人家摔倒了那些人还能笑出来？他们就不关心人吗？他们就没想到要上去问问那年轻人是不是摔着哪里了？”慧华说，“他们知道他没摔着。”“我还是不明白，再怎么说也是摔跤。要是在美国，旁观者什么都可能做，就是不会取笑人家。”中国人的解释这是另一例中西方文化对笑的不同理解。如上例所说，中国人有时以笑来消除尴尬，而当事人也往往自嘲地笑笑或开句玩笑来缓冲尴尬。不过，如果当事人受了重伤，那就另当别论了，人们会上前相助，而不会一笑置之。北美人的解释西方人会认为在这种情况下笑是没有同情心，或者更恶劣：是对摔跤受伤者的幸灾乐祸，因为此人不受欢迎。一般西方人的反应往往是赶上前扶起摔倒者，关心地问对方“你没事吧？”摔倒的人如果没有受伤，他们自己也会像中国人一样开玩笑。如果两个很要好的朋友走在一起，其中一个绊倒了但没受伤，常见的玩笑话会是“旅途愉快”这个双关语利用了“trip”这个词大相径庭的两个词义：一是“（度假）旅行”，一是“绊倒”。不过这种玩笑只会出现在非常熟悉的朋友之间。6基础教育a