动词用法考题陷阱设置与辨析(含训练和答案)

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1、动词用法考题陷阱设置与辨析(含训练和答案)小编收集以下材料分享给大家,希望对大家有所帮助:1. If you want to sell your product you must it.A. advertise B. advertise forC. advertise on D. advertise to【陷阱】容易误选B,认为advertise的意思是做广告”, advertise for的意思 为做广告”。【分析】事实上,正确答案为Ao advertise可用作及物和不及物动词:用作及物动词时,其意为 为做广告”、登 广告宣传”;用作不及物动词时,其意为 做广告”、登广告工 此时通常后接介

2、词for,表示做广告征求”。比较:advertise for sth (sb)登广告征求或寻找莫物或莫人(此时advertise不及物)advertise sth为登广告,登广告宣传(止匕时advertise是及物动词,其后要直接跟被宣传的东西作宾语)People advertise things that they wish to sell.人彳门为要卖 的东西登广告。The manager wants to advertise for a new secretary. 经理想 登广告招聘一位新秘书。再比较以下用例:advertise jobs登广告招人advertise for jobs

3、登广告求职2. No matter how much you ve learned and how high a standard of education you have had, you must the people heart and soul.A. serve B. serve forC. serve to D. serve on【陷阱】容易误选B,即字对字地翻译汉语的全心全意为人民服务工将其中的 为译为for。【分析】答案选 A , serve意为 为服务”,可直接用 作及物动词,其后不能按汉语意思误加介词for。请看以下类似例子:(1) I you yesterday, but

4、 you weren t in.A. rang B. rang toC. rang with D. rang to答案选A,ring可以用作及物动词,表示 给打电话”, 故其后不用介词。(2) Neither of her parents wanted her to her cousin.A. marry B. marry toC. marry with D. marry for答案选A, marry可用作及物或不及物动词, 用作及物动 词时它的意思 与结婚”,而不仅仅是 结婚”,也就是说, 后接宾语时,无需用介词 to, with等。(3) How can I you, Mr. Green?

5、A. contact B. contact withC. contact to D. contact for答案选A, contact为及物动词,表示 与联系”,其后不接介词。3. According to the rules, students must not theirbooks duringexaminations.A. read B. watchC. notice D. look at【陷阱】容易误选Ao因为按照英语一般习惯:看书看报用动词 read,看电视用动词 watch,看电影用动词 see,看 比赛用动词 watch,看黑板用动词look at,等等。【分析】一般说来,汉语的

6、 看书”至少有两层意思,一是 指阅读性地看书,即看书=读书,此时通常用动词read;另一种看书则不是指阅读性地看书,而只是大概地翻一翻或看 一看,比如看看书的封面、定价、内容提要等,或者回答问 题时看看书的莫些章节或字句以及考试时偷看书本等等,此 时通常都不宜用动词read,而应根据情况选用其他动词(如look at)。又如:Let me have a look at the book. 让我看看或翻翻这本书。Please answer my questions without looking at your books.请不看书回答我的问题。4. “ I love traveling. I

7、hope to go with you this time.does your mother you to go?”A. let B. agreeC. allow D. promise【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案为Co不能选A是因为let后用作宾语补足语的不定式不能带to;不能选B是因为动词agree习惯上不用于 agree sb to do sth这一句式;不能选D是因为在 promise sb to do sth 这一句式中, to do sth 的逻辑主语是 promise 的主语而不其是宾语,比如 He promised me to go 的意思是 范答应我,他去而

8、不是 池答应我让我去之 所以能选C,是因为allow sb to do sth (允许莫人做莫事) 与上文语境刚好吻合。5. If they to make heart-felt apologies soon we willhave to bring an action against them.A. disagreed B. refusedC. agreed D. hoped【陷阱】容易误选 A,根据agree to do sth(同意做莫事), 想当然地类推由disagree to do sth(不同意或不愿意做莫事)。【分析】事实上,语言有很多问题是不能类推的,如上 面这一例,英语可说a

9、gree to do sth ,但习惯上却不说disagree to do sth。类似地,英语中可说 like doing to do sth ,但在现代英语中习惯上说 dislike doing sth ,却不说dislike to do sth。其实上面一题的最佳答案是 B, refuse to do sth意为拒绝做莫事”或不愿做莫事工6. They own two cars, not to a motorbike.A. speak B. sayC. talk D. mention【陷阱】很容易根据他们拥有两辆小汽车,更不用说一辆摩托车了 ”这一中文语境而选择Bo【分析】其实最佳答案为

10、Do因为not to say和not tomention均为习语,但其含义区别甚大:not to mention = 更不用说,此外还有not to say =虽不能说,即使不能说It is warm, not to say hot.天气虽说不上热,但也够暖了。He was impolite, not to say rude.他即使不是粗鲁,至少也 是没有礼貌。There re ten of us ready to help, not to mention the children.我们有10个人愿意帮忙,还不算小孩。They have three dogs to look after, no

11、t to mention the cat and the bird.他们有三只狗要照顾,更别提那只猫和鸟了。7. “Doyour parents agree to your doing that? ” “Yes,of course. In fact, they always me to try something new.A. hope B. suggestC. support D. encourage【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。因为若仅从汉语意思来看,四个选项均可填入空格处。【分析】其实此题的正解答案是Do因为在以上四个选项中,只有encourage可后接不定式的复合结构作宾语,即 可用

12、于 encourage sb to do sth,而其余三者均不可后接不定式 的复合结构作宾语,即英语中习惯上不说hope sb to do sth,suggest sb to do sth, support sb to do sth。顺便说句, 以下英 汉语表达也有类似差别,请注意:汉语说 希望莫人做莫事”,但英语不说 hope sb to do sth。 汉语说 同意莫人做莫事”,但英语不说 agree sb to do sth。 汉语说 不同意莫人做莫事”,但英语不说disagree sb to do sth。汉语说 善怕莫人做莫事”,但英语不说 fear sb to do sth。汉语

13、说 拒绝莫人做莫事”,但英语不说refuse sb to dosth。汉语说 惩罚莫人做莫事”,但英语不说punish sb to dostho汉语说 建议莫人做莫事”,但英语不说 suggest sb to do stho汉语说 建议莫人做莫事”,但英语不说 propose sb to dosth。汉语说 赞成莫人做莫事”,但英语不说 approve sb to do sth。汉语说安排莫人做莫事”,但英语不说sth。汉语说要求莫人做莫事”,但英语不说sth。汉语说感谢莫人做莫事”,但英语不说 汉语说指导莫人做莫事”,但英语不说汉语说祝贺奥人做莫事”,但英语不说do sth。汉语说阻止莫人做

14、莫事”,但英语不说sth。汉语说通知莫人做莫事”,但英语不说sth。汉语说欢迎奥人做莫事”,但英语不说sth。汉语说陪伴莫人做莫事”,但英语不说do sth。arrange sb to dodemand sb to dothank sb to do sth。guide sb to do sth。congratulate sb toprevent sb to doinform sb to dowelcome sb to doaccompany sb to要表示以上汉语意思,英语需改用其他说法。如:advise sb to do sth建议奥人做莫事wish sb to do sth / hope

15、 for sb to do sth 希望莫人做莫事arrnage for sb to do sth 安排莫人做莫事demand of sb to do sth 要求莫人做莫事thank sb for doing sth感谢莫人做了莫事congratulate sb on doing sth 祝贺莫人做了莫事prevent sb from doing sth 阻止莫人做莫事 等等。8. Nowadays everyone hopes to good education soas to get a good job in the future.A. accept B. accept aC. rec

16、eive D. receive a【陷阱】容易误选 A或B。因为accept与receive的基 本区别是前者表示接受”,后者表示 收到,而汉语通常是说接受教育; 而不是说 收到教育工所以选A或B,【分析】其实上,此题的正确答案是D,因为英语中习惯 说 receive a good education , 而不说 accept a good educationo另外,education表示抽象意义的教育”时,不可数,但表示 种教育”或 段教育”时,可与不定冠词连用。9. Wearing dark glasses can your eyes from the sun.A. care B. pre

17、ventC. defend D. protect【陷阱】容易误选Bo因为许多同学一看到题干中的from,再联系到选项中的prevent,便马上想起了 preventfrom这个常用搭配。【分析】在 prevent A from B这一句式中,A和B通常 具有主谓关系,如在 The rain prevented us from going out ( 下 雨使我们不能由去)中,我们”与 出去”就具有主谓关系。而 上面一题不具备此特点。此题正确答案应是D, protect from意为保护免受”。10. Mr. Smith was in great need of money, so he$2 0

18、00 for his car. A. paid B. tookC. cost D. spent【陷阱】容易误选 A,误选的依据是pay - for 这一 搭配。【分析】若单独说 He paid $2 000 for the car (他付了 2 000 美元买这车)是完全可以的,但问题是,本句前面有这样一句 He was in great need of money (他急需要钱),既然是 急需要 钱,又怎么还会花2000美元去买车呢?尤其还需注意的是 car前的物主代词 his,这说明是为自己的车花 2000美元钱, 不合情理。此题的正确答案是B, take在此表示 获得“、得到”,句意为池

19、急需要钱,把自己的车以2000美元给卖掉 了”。11. There are many kinds, but I don t know which to buy.A. to be chosen B. to choose fromC. to choose D. for choosing【陷阱】此题容易误选Co【分析】其实应选 Bo choose表示 选择”,其实是指 选 择由来(pick out),而不是指 从选择”,要表示后者的意思,要用 choose from, 有时也用 choose among。同样地, 下面两例中的介词 from 也不可省略:Here are some dictionar

20、ies for you choose from.这些词典可供你选择。In fact, there are various colors to choose from. 事实上,有 各种各样的颜色可供选择。比较:He chose a red one.他选了一个红色的。He chose from some red ones.他从些红色的当中去选。He didn t know which to choose.他不知道选哪个。He didn t know which to choose from. 他不知道从哪个当 中去选。请做以下试题(答案选D):(1) “Wdnave sent out two b

21、est players to the sports meet. What about you?” “Well,not yet. We have few , I d say.A. chosen B. to chooseC. to be chosen D. to choose from(2) id like to buy an expensive camera.”“Well, we haveseveral models.”A. to pick up B. to pickC. to choose D. to choose from12. I him not to go abroad, but he

22、wouldn t listen.A. persuaded B. tried to persuadeC. have persuaded D. was persuaded【陷阱】容易误选Ao【分析】正确答案为 Bo persuade的真正意思是 说服”, 而不是设法说服要表示后者的意思英语应用try topersuade (当然也可用其他词,如 advise等)。类似地:(1) kill的意思是杀死”,不表示设法杀死要表示后 者的意思英语用try to kill。(2) prevent的意思是 阻止 不表示 设法阻止 要表示 后者的意思英语用try to prevent。13. When she

23、came several days later, she found that all things still where she had them.A. lay; laid B. laid; laidC. lay; lain D. lying; lain【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】正确答案选Ao第一空填lay,它是lie(位于,在)的过去式lay;第二空laid,它是lay(放,置)的过去分词, 句意为“她发现所有东西还在她当时放它们的地方请注意lie, lay的以下用法及词形变换:(1) lay有两个常见意思:一是表示 放“、摆”及物),二 是表示 下(蛋)”及物或不及物)。

24、如:Lay your coat on the bed.把你的外衣放在床上。Are your hens laying yet? 你的母鸡下蛋了吗?W川 you please lay the table for dinner?请你摆好餐具准 备吃饭好吗?(2) lie有三个主要意思:一是表示 躺”或 平放”,二是表 示位于,三是表示 说谎”。用于以上三义时,均为不及物 动词。如:Don t lie in bed all morning.别一个上午都躺在床上。The book lay open on the desk.那本书摊开着放在桌上。Don t lay your coat on the bed

25、.不要把你的外衣放在床 上。The small town lies among the mountains.小镇位于群山 之中。I m sorry I lied to you.我很抱歉向你撒了谎。(3)这两个词经常被混淆的有时不是其意思,而是其词形。注意下表所示:单词-意思-现在分词-过去式-过去分词lie-躺,位于(vi.)-lyinglaylainlie-说谎(vi.)lyingliedliedlay-放(vt.),下蛋(vi.vt.)-laying-laidlaid请做下题(答案均为B):(1) The hens 50 eggs last week, but this week they

26、aren t.A. lay, lying B. laid, layingC. lay, laying D. lied, lying(2) The girl on the ground to me that had the purse on the desk.A. lying, lay, laid B. lying, lied, laidC. lie, lied, lay D. lay, lied, lain14. He a visit to the factory and was warmlyby the workers there.A. took, welcome B. took, welc

27、omedC. paid, welcome D. paid, welcomed【陷阱】容易误选A或C。因为许多同学会模仿 come - came - come的变化形式,想当然地认为 welcome的变化 形式是 welcome f welcame f welcome o【分析】此题第一空应填动词 paid,因为pay a visit to (拜访)是惯用搭配,其中的pay不能换成take。第二空要 填welcomed,因为 welcome用作动词时,其过去式和过去分词均为 welcomed,即它是规则动词。有的同学也许会问, 我们不是常说 You are welcome吗?为什么其中的 wel

28、come未用 welcomed呢?那是因为止匕处的welcome为形容词,而不是动词。15. The boy said that the fish his mother cooked tastedA. good B. wellC. to be good D. to be well【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】按英语语法,连系动词后通常接形容词作表语, 而不接副词,据此可以排除选项 B和D。但到底是应选 A还 是C呢?许多同学凭感觉认为taste to be good似乎很通顺,于是选了 Co但是,错了,正确答案应是 Ao原因是用作连 系动词的taste后习惯上不接to be。如:这棵

29、树上的苹果味道很好。正:The apples from this tree taste delicious.误:The apples from this tree taste to be delicious.类似地,feel, smell, sound等连系动词后习惯上也不接不 定式 to be。如:你的想法听起来很好。正: Your idea sounds a good one.误: Your idea sounds to be a good one.玫瑰发生香气。正: Roses smell sweet.误: Roses smell to be sweet.比较:seem, appear,

30、 prove, turn out, continue 等连系动词后可以接不定式 to be,也可省略to be。如:She seems (to be) a little tired.她似乎有点累。He appears (to be) quite young. 他显得年轻。The examination turned out (to be) quite easy. 结果考试相 当容易。The weather continued (to be ) fine. 天气仍然很好。注:用作连系动词的 look后能否接to be,各语法家意 见不一:有的认为可接 to be,有的认为不能接 to be。为此

31、, 建议同学们以不接 to be为宜。精编陷阱题训练1. We re so busy that no one in the office can for anyother work.A. spare B. be sparedC. share D. be shared2. He regards that book one of the worst that he sread.A. to be, ever B. to be, neverC. as, ever D. as, never3. “Did you get a job? ”“No, I snbutse. ”A. expected B. tr

32、ied toC. managed to D. planned4. “ Do you knw that Jack a postman for about sixyears? ”“Yes, I see. ”A. has become B. has turnedC. has changed D. has been5. The thing that is not whether you fail or not, butwhether you try or not.A. matters B. caresC. considers D. minds6. I don t want the green coat

33、. It is red and black colours that me very well.A. suit B. fitC. suits D. fits7. “Will another fifty be enough?” Justtwenty willA. work B. doC. suit D. fit8. Goodbye, Mr Carter my secretary will you to the door.A. send B. leadC. drive D. show9. This kind of cancer can be cured, provided it is early.

34、A. got B. gainedC.seen D. caught10. We haven t enough books for everyone; some of you will have to.A. help B. enjoyC. share D. spare11. He asked her to marry him and she him.A. answered B. receivedC. accepted D. agreed12. My worst fears were when I saw what the examquestions were.A. done B. seenC. f

35、inished D. realized13. The plan looks good on paper, but will it?A. work B. passC. agree D. does14. What s the matter with the radio? Why isn t it?A. broadcasting B. workingC. doing D. sounding15. High unemployment the government billions of pounds in lost taxes.A. spends B. takesC. uses D. costs16.

36、 It s hard to rescue drowning people because they so much.A. sink B. swimC. jump D. struggle17. She went to the station to meet her husband, but him in the crowd.A. passed B. recognizedC. missed D. lost18. I missed what was happening because I wasn t very closely.A. noticing B. runningC. watching D.

37、 glancing19. If you lend me a pound, it will me having to go tothe bank.A. save B. shareC. serve D. help20. Don t your breath trying to persuade them;they ll never listen.A. use B. wasteC. spend D. put21. He has spent little time on his lessons this term, so he to fail the exam.A. expects B. hopesC.

38、 wishes D. requires22. He will never anything if he doesn t work hard.A. hope B. wishC. achieve D. succeed【答案与解析】1 .选B, spare在表示 腾生或省去(多余的人或物)”。2 .选C, regard as的意思把当作”,其中的介词as不能换成to be。3 .选 B。I tried to 为 I tried to get a job 之省略。4 .选D。因为A、B、C均为终止性动词,均不能连用for about six years这样的一段时间。5 .选A。matter在此的意思

39、是 要紧”、关系重大6 .选 A。填空句为强调句,强调主语red and blackcolours,故其后的谓语要用复数,即排除 C和D。另外,fit 与suit区别是:fit表示 适合或 舍身”等(及物或不及物), 主要是指尺寸、大小、形状等方面的适合,而 suit表示 适 合”,主要指款式或花色等方面的适合。7 .选B。do在此表示 够、足够“、适合、行”、可以”等义。又如:This will never do!这事永远不可以。I m hungry. Get me something to eat. Anything will do. 我 饿了,给我弄点吃的东西,什么都行。8 .选D。sh

40、ow sb to the door意为 送奥人到门口 ”。注意, 其中的介词 to不可省略,否则就成了 show sb the door (驱 赶奥人,下逐客令)。另外,也不要按汉语意思选 A,因为 send通常表示派人送,而不表示亲自送。9 .选 D, catch在此表示 发现,句中的 provided用作 连词,意为如果”。10 .选C。既然书不够,不能每人一本,所以有些人只能 share(分享)了。11 .选C。accept意为 同意、接受,注意不能选D, 因为agree后不能直接跟名词或代词作宾语。12 .选D。realize在此的意思不是 实现”,而是指 使(不 安、恐惧等)成为事实

41、13 .选A, work在此的意思是 起作用、奏效”。14 .选B。work在此的意思是 运作、运转”。15 .选D。spend和cost均可表示 花费”,但句型不同: spend + 时间或金钱 + on sth (in doing sth) , cost + 莫人或莫 机构+金钱或时间。16 .选D。由句意和常识推知。17 .选C。miss指错过”。18 .选C,由句子的语境可推知。19 .选A, save指 省去(劳力等)”。20 .选 Bo21 .选A, expects在此不是表示 期待”,而是表示 预料22 .选C, achieve意为 完成、做到。其余三项均不 能直接跟名词或代词作宾语。

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