大学英语综合教程教案Book1Unit3

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1、Book One Unit ThreeNew Words and Expressions in Text A:1. attitude: n. (c) (+to/toward/towards) manner or way one thinks about, behaves toward, or feels toward sb. or sth. 看法;态度-The boy has a bad attitude towards his schoolwork.-His sons attitude to work made him angry.2. likely: I) a. 1) probable(o

2、ften used in the following patterns: It is likely that, (sb./sth.) be likely to do sth.)可能的 -It is (highly)likely that my roommate will win the first-class scholarship.-An earthquake is likely to strike the area in a year or two.-Economists say that the quick economic growth is likely to continue th

3、roughout the 2010s. -They are likely to become angry with him.- the likely winner of the contest很可能在比赛中获胜的人 2) that seems reasonable, suitable, or right for a purpose似乎合理的，似乎合适的, 像是可靠的 -not a very likely excuse 不太令人信服的理由-a likely story 似乎是合理的故事-There were several likely candidates for the job. 有好几个比

4、较适合这项工作的人选 3) apt to achieve success or yield a desired outcome; promising有希望的倾向于成功或得到预定效的；有指望的-a likely topic for investigation前景可观的调查主题-likely young men有希望的青年人 II) ad. probably (often preceded by “most”, “more than”, or “very”. You dont use it as an ad. on its own.)可能-It is reported that another s

5、andstorm will very likely come in the next 24 hours.-We will most likely stay home during the Spring Festival.3. privileged: a. (修饰人) having a special advantage有特权的-the privileged classes (those who enjoy the advantages of the best education, of wealth, and secure social position)特权阶级-be privileged

6、to attend the party有幸参加那宴会 privilege: I) n. (c) the right or advantage available only to a person, class or rank, or the holder of a certain position, etc特权,特惠-the privileges of birth (e. g., the privileges that come because one is born into a wealthy family 与生俱来的特权(如因生于富家)-enjoy privileges (享受特权或优惠

7、)-grant sb. the privilege of doing sth. II) vt. 给予特权（或优惠）4. minority: n. (c) the smaller number or part; small racial, religious, etc. group in a community, nation, etc.少数,少数民族, 少数宗教等-be in a/the minority (be in the smaller of two groups) 于（两个团体中的）较小团体，是少数派 minor: a. 1) smaller, less important较小的，次要

8、的-minor repairs小修理-minor injures 轻伤-play a minor part in the play在剧中担任次要角色 2) comparatively unimportant 比较不重要的-the minor planets 小行星-minor poets不太重要的诗人-majority -major5. do without: (及，不及)manage to survive, continue, or succeed although you do not have sth. you need, want, or usu. have没有而设法对付过去;不用,不

9、吃,不要-Youll have to do without your dinner if you dont get back in time.-Can you do without tobacco for a week?-I cant afford a car, so I guess Ill have to do without.6. highly: ad. 1) (多修饰p.p.或adj.) very; to a high level or standard 很，非常; 高度-Mr. Smith was a highly successful salesman.-It seems highl

10、y likely that she will take the job.-highly pleased/interesting/enjoyable-The Chinese were a highly civilized people long before Europeans were.-the highly developed industrial life-Most of the people present at the meeting are highly educated women.-The chairman of the department was the most highl

11、y paid member of faculty. 2) (和praise, speakof, think of等动词连用) to a high level or standard 很高，高度，很好, 非常-The publishers had praised his novel pretty highly.-I have always thought very highly of him.-Very likely you will disapprove highly of what I have done.-They spoke very highly of him.-I recommend

12、 this game highly.7. risky: a. full of danger; full of the possibility of failure, loss, etc.危险的；有风险的8. nasty: a. very unpleasant; dirty; disgusting令人难受的；脏的；令人厌恶的9. brutish: a.野兽般的，野蛮的9. anyway: ad. (used to change the subject of a conversation or to support an idea or argument) anyhow不管怎么说-A: “Ive

13、got a terrible cold.”B: “Have you? Oh, hear. Anyway, so youre no going to go away this weekend?”-We ought to spend less on the defense missiles, which I think are pretty useless anyway.-Anyway, I wouldnt let any trouble come to you.-Thats not my fault, anyway.10. put/turn the clock back: return to a

14、 situation that used to exist, usually because the present situation is unpleasant把时钟往回拨, 使时间倒转，回溯，倒退，开倒车-The employment bill in which women are not allowed to take jobs will put the clock back fifty years.-Forget all about it and look to the future; you cant turn the clock back.11. cut off: 1) (+st

15、h.) stop providing (sth.); remove (sth.) by cutting切断，中断；切下，剪下 -Water and electricity supplies in the city have been cut off because of the American air attacks.-Their phone has been cut off because they havent paid the bill. 2) (+sb./sth.) 隔绝，挡住-We were cut off by the tide and had to be rescued by

16、boat.-The floods cut us off from out homes.-The woods cut off the view.-The village was cut off by the snow for more than a month. 3) (+sb.) 使电话中断-We were cut off in the middle of our (telephone) conversation.-The telephone operator cut us off before we had finished our conversation.13. competition:

17、 n.竞争，比赛14. bring about: make (sth.)happen引起，导致，致使-bring about a war/reform/sb.s ruin (引起战争，导致改革，致使某人破产)-Some educators are hoping to bring about major changes in the educational system.15. technology: n. (u) 技术16. moreover: ad. in addition to what has been said; further; beside而且，再者-Local people wo

18、uld like a new road. Moreover, there are good economic reasons for building one.-She saw that there was a man immediately behind her. Moreover he was observing her strangely.17. inquiring: a. showing an interest in knowing about things 好问的，爱探索的，带有疑问的-an inquiring mind (showing a desire to learn喜爱探讨的

19、精神)-inquiring looks (好奇的表情)-He looked at his father with inquiring eyes.inquire: v. (= enquire)(+sth. (of sb.); +about sth.; +wh-clause) ask; seek information by questioning问；询问；查问-inquire a persons name-I rang up to inquire about train times.-inquire what a person wants/where to stay/how to do sth-

20、“Is something wrong?” he inquired. inquire about (sb./sth.): 问，打听（某事或某人的情况） inquire after (sb./sth.): ask about (sb. health, welfare) 问候-inquire after sbs health inquire for (sth./sb.): ask for (goods in a shop), ask to see (sb.) 查询（商店中的货物）,设法买到；求见某人-inquire for a book in a shop 在一店中查询一书 inquire int

21、o (sth.): look into 调查，了解，追究 inquire sth. of sb. 向某人问某事18. global: a. worldwide, of the whole earth世界的，全球的19. suppress:vt. keep from appearing; put an end to the activity or existence of 抑制;压制,镇压，取缔，制止-suppress ones feeling/fear/ a laugh/anger-suppress the slave trade （制止奴隶贩卖）-suppress the revolt/re

22、bel/movements20. initiative: n. (u) the ability to make decisions and take action without waiting for sb. to tell you what to do首/开创精神；主动；进取心-I wish my son would show/have/display a bit more initiative. act/do sth. on ones own initiative: act/do sth. without an order or suggestion from others 主动地做某事

23、-The workers are able to solve the problems on their own initiative. have the initiative: be in the position to make the first move, e.g. in a war处于主动的地位（如在战争中） take the initiative (in doing sth.): be the first person to take action to improve a situation or relationship, esp. when other people are

24、waiting for sb. else to do sth. 采取初步行动 -Why dont you take the initiative and arrange a meeting? -Dont stand around waiting for someone else to take the initiative?21. inventiveness: n.发明才能，创造力22. slow down: (不及，及) become slower, or make sb. or sth. slower; make slower减慢,（让）某人工作、生活不要过于紧张-It seems lik

25、ely that the economy will slow down over the next twelve months.-There is no cure for the disease, although drugs can slow down its rate of development.-The driver slowed the bus down when he saw a boy standing in the road.-If I could find some way of slowing my father down I would; hes taking on fa

26、r too much work.23. rate: n. (c) 1) the speed at which sth. happens over a period of time速度-walk at a/the rate of 3 miles an hour-The rate at which hair grows can be very slow.-The worlds forests are disappearing at an even faster rate than experts had thought. 2) a certain amount of one thing consi

27、dered in relation to a unit of another thing 比率;率-the birth/marriage/death/divorce rate -Businesses (商店，商行) are closing all over that country at a rate of fifty a week.-rate of exchange (relationship between two currencies (两种货币间的兑换率，外汇比价) at any rate: in any case; whatever happens在任何情况下，不管怎样-At any

28、 rate, I shall do all I can to help Tom. at this/that rate: if this/that is true, if we may assume that this/that is the case; if this/that state of affairs continues如果这样的话，如果这样继续下去-At this rate we wont be able to afford a holiday.-At that rate, he ought soon to be here.24. ensure: vt. 1) (+sth.; +t

29、hat-clause) make sure保证，确保-ensure success/safety-This new treaty will ensure peace.-Come early to ensure that you get a seat. 2) (+sb. sth.; +sth. to sb.) secure; assure使一定得到-This medicine will ensure you a good nights sleep.-These documents ensure to you the authority you need. ensure (sb.) against

30、 sth.: make safe使不受，防止-We ensured (ourselves) against possible disappointment.25. democratic: a. 民主的26. informed: a. having or showing knowledge; knowledgeable有知 识的，了解情况的；明智的; 见闻广的; 有见识的-an informed mind见闻广博的人-People are much better informed since the advent of the computer.自从电脑问世以来人们的消息灵通得多了。 -info

31、rmed sources/a well-informed man消息灵通人士-an informed opinion基于可靠信息做出的见解；明达的见解-informed public opinion明达的舆论-the informed consumer有知识的消费者-Science is now enabling us to make more informed (明智的) choices about how we use common drugs. inform: vt. tell (used in the patterns: inform sb. of/about sth., inform

32、 sb. that clause, inform sb.) (It is a fairly formal word. In conversation you usually use tell.) 告诉，通知-They informed us of their arrival at Pudong Airport.-Have you informed the police that theres been an accident?-“I just added a little soy sauce, “ he informed us. be informed of听说; 接到.的通知 be righ

33、tly/wrongly informed得到正确的/错误的知识情报 keep . informed随时向.报告情况 inform against/on/upon sb.告发某人, 检举某人27. expert: I) n. (c) (+in/on/at/with) a person with a high degree of skill in or knowledge of a certain subject专家,内行,能手-Kates an expert in / at / on teaching small children. 凯特是个幼儿教育专家。-an expert in cooker

34、y/ a cookery expert烹调专家-an expert with the needle针线能手-advertising expert广告师-data processing expert数据处理专家-educational expert教育专家-legal expert法律专家鉴定人-resident expert常驻专家 II) (+at, in, with)adj. having or demonstrating great skill, dexterity, or knowledge as the result of experience or training 熟练的老练的,

35、 有经验的, 擅长的, 内行的;专家的,精巧的, 巧妙的-expert advice内行意见-be expert at driving racing cars驾驶赛车能手-in an expert capacity以专家的身分 III) 1) vt.以专家身分处理或应付, 在 .中当专家-expert an enterprise在一个企业中当专家-expert this research project以专家身分处理这一科研项目 2) vi.担任专家28. at the moment: now, at the present moment此刻，目前-Im rather busy at the

36、moment; could I call you back?-At the moment, no one is talking to me.29. (be) in/of two/several minds: unable to decide whether or not you want sth. or want to do sth.犹豫不决；三心二意 -I think shes in two minds about whether to accept his present or not. be in twenty minds犹豫不决, 动摇起来 be of in a one mind意见一

37、致 be of in the same mind: 1)意见一致; 2) 保持原来意见30. steady: a. 1) constant; free or almost free from change, variation, or fluctuation; uniform平稳的；稳定的, 不变的,完全或几乎没有改变、变化或波动的；一惯的, 有规律的-a steady increase in value.价值的稳定增长-a steady breeze微风习习-a steady wind持续而无变化的风-not very steady on ones leg步履不太稳定-the steady

38、tick of the clock; 钟表一成不变的滴答声；-make steady progress取得稳定的进步-steady rain连绵的雨-steady work扎实的工作-The governments policies have brought a period of steady economic growth with falling unemployment.-There has been a steady improvement in her condition.2) firm in position or place; fixed 稳固的, 在一个位 置或地方不动的；固

39、定的, 坚定的，不动摇的-as steady as a rock稳如磐石-steady in ones purpose意志坚定的-a steady, hard-working woman顽强、勤劳的妇女-a steady man踏实的人-to make a table steady使桌子牢靠-Keep the camera steady while you take a picture. 3) not easily excited or upset平和的,不容易激动或气恼的-steady nerves神经镇定31. evident: a. clear, obvious, easily seen

40、 or understood明显的, 显然的，明白的, 容易被看到或理解的 多用于推理及抽象的事, 指“明显的”, 如:-Its evident that the plan is impracticable.很明显这计划是不能 实现的。-obvious 指“容易知道或发现, 无须解释或证明的”, “显而易 见的”， 如:-Its obvious that a man isnt strong enough to lift an elephant. 很明显, 一个人是不能举起大象的。-apparent 含“一目了然的”的意思, （从外表上一看就知道的，“看似的”），还可指“思想上容易理解的”, 如

41、:-Its apparent that you cant be trusted.很显然,你是不可信赖的。antonym: obscure, hidden, concealed32. cartoon: n. 漫画；动画片33. element: n. 成分；元素34. astronomy:n.天文学35. audience: n. 1) (a collective countable n.) a group of people who watch and listen to sb. speaking or performing in public观众；听众-The audience began

42、clapping and cheering as soon as the film star appeared on the stage.-The singer called for a member of the audience to join him on stage. 2) (used as a collective countable n., usu. singular) the people who read a writers books 读者-His second book will attract a narrower audience, mainly teachers an

43、d college students.-His book reached an even wider audience when it was filmed for television (被拍成电视) .36. series: n. (both a singular and a plural form单复数相同) a number of objects or events arranged or coming one after the other in succession.连续；系列；系列节目用法：Series is both a singular and a plural form.

44、When it has the singular sense of one set, it takes a singular verb, even when series is followed by of and a plural noun; when it has the plural sense of one or more sets, it takes a plural verb: (Series既是单数形式又是复数形式。当它具有“一套”的单数意思时，它使用单数动词，即使当 series 紧接着 of 和一个复数名词时也是如此; 当它有“一套或多套”的复数意思时，它使用复数动词：)-A

45、 series of lectures is scheduled. 一套演讲已安排好了。-Two series of lectures are scheduled: one for experts and one for laypeople.两套演讲已安排好了：一套为专业人员，一套为非专业人员. a series of 37. fiction: n. 1) (u) (branch of literature concerned with) stories, novels and romances (作为文学之一部门的)小说-works of fiction小说作品-science fictio

46、n科学小说, 科学幻想故事(Proverb): FactTruth is stranger than fiction. 谚事实比小说还离奇。 2) (c) sth. invented or imagined (contrasted with truth)虚构的事，捏造的故事38. harness: I) vt. 1) control and make use of; to bring under control and direct the force of 驾驭；利用(天然力使产生动力); 统治，管理，支配, 控制-to harness a river to make electricity

47、利用河流发电-Some scientists are working hard at how tide can be harnessed to produce electricity.有些科学家正在努力研究怎样利用潮汐发电。-If you can harness your energy, you will accomplish a great deal.如果你能控制你的精力，你将获得巨大成功 2) to put a harness on (a draft animal) 给（负重的动物）套轭具 II) n.马具，挽具; 幼儿学步带39. background: n. 1) (c) the gr

48、ound or scenery located behind something背景, 位于某物后面的场地或景色-This is a photo of Mary with our house in the background. 这是玛丽的照片，背景是我家的房子。-He always paints ships against a background of stormy shies. 他常画暴风雨中的船舶。 2) a position or an area of relative inconspicuousness or unimportance不重要的地方, 不显眼的位置 be/keep/s

49、tay/remain/stand/keep in the background: be away from publicity; hidden置身于幕后，在幕后 3) sound present at a relatively constant low level at a specific location背景音乐-background music背景音乐 4) (c) persons past experiences, education, training, environment 家庭出生、教育经历等情况，素养, 阅历-students of workers background工人出

50、身的学生-He is a man of high cultural background. 他是受过高等教育的人。-She was ashamed of her humble background. 她对自己卑微的出身感到羞愧。- Her background in the arts is impressive. 她在艺术上的阅历令人难忘 5) (c) the general scene or surface against which designs, patterns, or figures are represented or viewed 花色的底子，底色, 衬底-diamond ne

51、cklaces on a background of black velvet黑丝绒衬底上的钻石项链- Her dress has pink flowers on a white background. 她的衣服白底子上有粉红花朵。 6) (c) the circumstances and events surrounding or leading up to an event or occurrence; contemporary condition(s) 背景资料,背景情况，围绕或导致某种事件或事变发生的情况或事件, 当时的情况，时代背景-the background of a story

52、故事的背景-cultural background-home background家庭情况背景-The election took place against a background of widespread unemployment.-the social and political background 社会及政治背景，当时社 会及政治的情况-He has a strong political background. 他有强大的政治背景。40. acid: I) a. 1) sour; sharp to the taste 酸的，酸味的-A lemon is an acid fruit

53、.-Vinegar has an acid taste. 2) (fig) sharp; sarcastic （喻）尖酸刻薄的，讽刺的-an acid wit 机智-an acid tone of voice 尖酸的声调 II) n. (u) 1) (chem)酸；酸味的物质 2) the quality of being sarcastic, bitter, or scornful尖酸，尖刻，嘲讽尖酸、尖刻或嘲讽的特性41. greenhouse: n.温室42. nuclear: a. (biology生物学) of, relating to, or forming a nucleus细胞

54、核的, 核心的与之相关或由之形成的; (physics物理学) of or relating to atomic nuclei原子核的, 或关于原子核的-nuclear physics核物理学-nuclear weapons核武器-nuclear disarmament 核裁军，裁减核武器-nuclear war 核战争-nuclear nations有核国家-nuclear family (仅由父、母及子女组成的)核心家庭-nuclear magnetic resonance 【物】核磁共振-nuclear-armed 用核武器装备的-nuclear-driven 核动力驱动的-nuclea

55、r-capable可携带核武器的-nuclear-free无核的-nuclear-powered 核动力的43. weapon: n.武器44. genetic:a.基因的；遗传（学）的 gene: (c) 遗传因子，基因 genetics: (单数谓语) science dealing with heredity 遗传学 geneticist: specialist in genetics 遗传学家45. engineering: n.工程；工程学46. basis: n. (pl. bases) 1) (+for/of) (usu. sing.) (usu. fig) the facts

56、or ideas from which sth. can be developed; foundation基础-the basis of morality 道德的基础-on a solid basis 在坚实的基础上-The research will form the basis of a book. on a fifty-fifty basis: 对等地(平分) provide a . basis for: 为.提供.根据，为提供基础-The video will provide a basis for class discussion. 2) (+of; +that-clause) th

57、e circumstance that provides a reason for some action or opinion 根据，基础-What is the basis of your opinion? 你的观点的根据是什么？ on . basis (=on the basis of): 以.为根据, 在.基础上-Dont evaluate a person on the basis of appearance. 不要以貌取人。-They charge customers on an hourly basis. 他们向顾客按钟点收费。-You must stay at home, on

58、 the basis of the medical reports we have received. -Students are able, on the basis of experience, to choose which subjects to specialize in. 3) substance into which others are mixed; most important part of a mixture, the chief constituent (混合物的)主要部分, 主要成分-The basis of this drink is orange juice. 这

59、种饮料的主要成分是橘子汁。47. lie in: exist or be found in在于-The plays interest lies in the questions it raises about marriage.-The difficulty lies in their great poverty.-The solution lies in social and political reform.48. rote: n.死记硬背 learn by rote: 死记硬背地学习49. relevance: n. 相关，关联 relevant: a. (+to) (closely )

60、 connected with what is happening, being discussed, done, etc (与) 有关的，切题的，中肯的-have all the relevant documents ready把所有有关的文件准备妥当-relevant details有关细节-not relevant to the present question和目前的问题无关的50. in terms of: as regard (sth.); expressed as (sth.)从方面（或角度）来说；按照，根据-In terms of salary, the job is terr

61、ible.-In terms of customer satisfaction, the policy cant be criticized.-The figures are expressed in terms of a percentage.51. equation: n. (c) 等式，方程（式）-equation of time【天】时差52. brief: I) a. 1) short; using few words; concise简洁的-Be brief (with you), I disagree. 简单地(对你)说, 我不同意。-The teacher of English told the students to write a brief description of a typical problem they had recently met with.-Patrick gave a brief su