试论如何从英语文学翻译看中西文化的差异中英文对照

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1、试论如何从英语文学翻译看中西文化的差异中英文对照Try to talk about how to look from the English literary translation between Chinese and western cultural differences in Chinese and English language compared 欧亨利是美国最著名的短篇小说家之一，虽然The Gift of the Magi 是其广为流传的优秀作品，曾被收录中学课本，但对于这篇小说的翻译版本，一直存在许多的争论。本文从翻译的功能角度阐释对这篇小说众多翻译版本的个人认识，希望读者

2、能透过这篇小说对英语文学作品的翻译有新的思考。O. Henry is one of The most famous short story writer in The United States, although The Gift of The tells (1) is a widely circulated outstanding works, has been included high school textbooks, but for The translated version of this novel, there has been a lot of controversy.

3、This article from the perspective of the function of translation interpretation for this novel many translation versions of personal understanding, hope that readers can through the translation of this novel in English literary works have new thinking. 翻译标准Translation criteria 对于翻译的标准和原则，我国学者严复最早提出“

4、信、达、雅”的标准“信”即忠实于原文，“达”即翻译的流畅，“雅”即译文的典雅。这一翻译标准至今仍对我国翻译界存在影响。此外，德国著名功能派翻译理论代表人物莱斯对译文按照功能划分为不同的标准：描述性文本，即报道和说明类文本，应注重客观表达所要表达的内容；表达性文本，即各种文学性文本，应注重语言的表达形式；祈使性文本，主要指各种宣传类文本（广告，宗教和政治宣传等），这类文本翻译应注重宣传和感染效果。依据莱斯的观点，The Gift of the Magi属于表达性文本，应注重语言表达的形式，即应忠实于作者的情感立场和语言表达风格。For translation of the standard an

5、d principle, our country the earliest scholar yan fu put forward letter, da, ya standard, letters that is faithful to the original, translation is fluent, elegant that the translation of elegant. The translation criteria of translation in our country still exists. In addition, the famous German repr

6、esentative of rice to the functionalist translation according to the function is divided into different standards: descriptive text, namely reports and description text, should pay attention to the objective expression to express the content; Expressive text, that is, all kinds of literary text, we

7、should pay more attention to the expression of the language, Qi sex text, mainly refers to the various propaganda class text (advertising, religious and political propaganda, etc.), this kind of text translation should pay attention to publicity and infection. Based on rices point of view, The Gift

8、of The tells belongs to The expressive text, should pay attention to The forms of language expression, which should be faithful to The authors emotion and language style. 这两个翻译标准理论，将作为本文比较各个译本的主要评判依据。This two translation standard theory, as the main evaluation of the article compare versions. The Gi

9、ft of the Magi作品The Gift of The tells works 翻译好一部作品的前提是要了解这个作品。在The Gift of the Magi这篇小说中，作者讲述了一对小人物的看似很平常的故事，它主要讲述了圣诞节的前一天，住在公寓里的贫穷的德拉想给丈夫吉姆一个惊喜，可是她只有1.87美元，她知道这点钱根本不够买什么好的礼物，于是她把引以自豪的褐色瀑布似的秀发剪下来卖了，换来了20美元。找遍了各家商店，德拉花去21美元，终于买到一条朴素的白金表链，这可以配上吉姆的那块金表。而吉姆也想给老婆一个惊喜，他同样卖掉了引以自豪的金表，买了德拉羡慕渴望已久的全套漂亮的梳子作圣诞礼

10、物。夫妇俩为了给彼此准备礼物而费尽周折，礼物最终买回来了，却让人哭笑不得。The premise of good translation work is to understand the work. In in The Gift of The tells The story, The author tells The story of a pair of little guy looks very ordinary, it mainly tells The story of Christmas day, live in The apartment of poor Della want to

11、give her husband Jim a surprise, but she had only $1.87, she knew it wasnt enough money to buy any good Gift, so she put The proud brown waterfall, hair cut and sold it, in return for $20. Searched stores, Della spent $21, finally buy a plain white gold watch chain, it can match on Jims gold watch.

12、And Jim also wants to give his wife a surprise, he also sold a proud gold watch, bought Della envy the full set of I have been longing for beautiful combs as a Christmas gift. Couple struggled to preparing gifts for each other and eventually buy back, but let a person in distress situation. 翻译好这篇小说，

13、我们首先要体现小说的写作风格，欧亨利在这篇小说中运用了他一贯的幽默语调和简练的语言，选取了一个生活中看似很平常的故事，但故事中又带有淡淡的哀伤，结尾也出乎意料。由于故事情节主要是靠素材体现，故大部分翻译都能保留原作的跌宕起伏；而对语言的整体选择，大部分译文都体现出简单和口语化的特点，对此在本文中也就不再赘述。Translate this story, well be the first to reflect the style of novel, O. Henry in this novel in his usual humorous tone and concise language, ch

14、oose a life seems very common story, but in the story with a hint of sadness, end also unexpectedly. Because the story is mainly depends on material, so most of the translation can retain the original of the ups and downs; And overall choice of language, most of the translation reflects the simple a

15、nd colloquial characteristics, in this article will go into this. 翻译中文的化差异Differences between the translation in Chinese 读完这篇文章，许多读者可能会有一个问题，那就是标题为什么叫“The Gift of the Magi”。对于标题的翻译也有几个不同的版本，大家所熟知的中文标题为“麦琪的礼物”。此外，也有其他的译法，如“东方博士的礼物”、“贤人的礼物”。为什么会产生这些不同的版本呢？我们首先分析一下标题的含义。After reading this article, many

16、 readers may have a problem, that is why The title is called The Gift of The tells. For the translation of the title has several different versions, known as the Chinese headline is the gift of the magi. In addition, there are other translation methods, such as the Oriental doctor gift, sage gift. W

17、hy these different versions? We first analyze the meaning of the title. 标题中的the Magi，实为magus的复数形式，出自圣经典故：指东方三贤人，他们在耶稣诞生时给耶稣送去黄金、乳香、没药三件礼物。黄金表示高贵、乳香象征神圣、没药预示耶稣最后要受迫害致死。以英语作为第一语言的人，都会知道the Magi的寓意，即象征智慧和神圣，看到小说的这个题目自然就能领会这种表达法的含义。但是翻译的目标读者，由于固有的文化差异，很多并不熟知这个典故，所以看到这个题目未必能够明白其中隐含的深层意思。读者即便借助注解能明白the Ma

18、gi的意思，但仍然很难产生自然的联想。就象汉语中我们用“说曹操曹操到”这个短句一样，我们汉语的读者一目了然，在其他语言中却似乎无法用一两句解释让读者清楚“曹操”深刻的文化含义。The title of the tells (2), actually is the plural form of the magus (3), from the biblical allusions: refers to the eastern Magi, they give Jesus when Jesus was born to three gifts of gold, frankincense and myrr

19、h. Gold said noble, frankincense symbolizes the sacred, myrrh indicated that Jesus will suffer persecution finally to death. With English as their first language, can know the tells the implication, the symbol of wisdom and sacred, see novel nature of the topic, he can grasp the meaning of this expr

20、ession. But the translation of the target readers, because of the inherent cultural differences, many are not familiar with the story, so see this topic may not be able to understand the deeper meaning of the implication. Readers even with annotations can understand the tells the meaning of, but sti

21、ll it is difficult to have a natural association. Just like in Chinese, we use the phrase speak of the devil, we Chinese reader at a glance, in other languages but cant seem to use one or two sentences to explain that the reader clearly cao cao profound cultural meanings. 可能正是基于这个缘故，为了使读者更容易理解标题中包含的

22、寓意，伍蠡甫先生最早将The Gift of the Magi翻译成“东方博士的礼物”。可以肯定，参照圣经中的典故，这样翻译保留了the Magi的真实寓意，似乎也符合了“信”的标准，但这样的翻译却又难免让人觉得太直白，失去了小说原有的意境。依照莱斯的翻译标准来看，文学作品重在欣赏和体味文章的感情和语言，而这一翻译很明显丢掉了原文原有的色彩。May be based on this reason, in order to make it easier for readers to understand The title contains moral, Mr WuLiFu as early a

23、s The Gift of The tells translated into eastern Dr Gift. Certainly, referring to the biblical allusions, such translation retained the tells the true meaning of, seem to also conforms to the standard of the letter, but the translation is hard to avoid lets a person feel too straightforward, lost ori

24、ginal artistic conception of novel. According to les translation standards, literature appreciation and appreciate the articles feelings and language, and this translation obviously lost the original the original color. 后来王永年先生将the Magi译为“麦琪”，这显然是音译。此译法难免也有其弊端。首先，译文读者大多不知道典故来源，一眼看到标题“麦琪的礼物”，几乎无一例外的以

25、为“麦琪”是故事主人公的名字。所以有必要为其加一个注解，加注解后，“麦琪”的含义非常清楚。翻译中遇到这类有典故的文化问题，音译加注解不失为一个聪明的解决方法之一。它既能保持原作风味，又能促进文化交流，不失为上策。故之后的翻译也大都沿用了“麦琪的礼物”这一翻译方法。Later Mr Wang Yongnian will the tells translated into maggie, its clearly a transliteration. This translation is also has its disadvantages. First of all, most of the r

26、eaders dont know the source of allusions, saw the title the gift of the magi, almost without exception the thought that the magi is the story of the heros name. So it is necessary to add an annotation, annotations, the meaning of the magi is very clear. This kind of context of culture problems in th

27、e translation, transliteration plus annotation is a clever one solution. It can not only keep the original flavor, and can promote the cultural exchange, is the best policy. After translation is mostly used for the gift of the magi this translation method. 两种译本比较来看，“东方博士的礼物”与“麦琪的礼物”两种译法的不同并不能绝对的区分孰对

28、孰错或是否忠实于原文的问题，只是所达到的效果有差别。如果是对于领悟能力较低的初级读者，译者将the Magi译成“东方博士”或者“贤人”既能使读者避免对小说的标题产生误解，又能使读者深刻领会原文the Magi的含义。而对于文学爱好者，翻译成“麦琪”，则一方面有助于中国读者自发的去探究更深层的英语典故，有助于使中国读者接受和熟知西方文化，有利于文化交流；另一方面也有助于读者品味欧亨利的写作风格。Compared two kinds of translations, Dr Oriental gifts and the gift of the magi two different kind of

29、translation is not the absolute distinction between what is right is wrong or whether the faithful to the original problem, is only achieved effect have a difference. If it is for junior readers comprehend ability is low, the translator will the tells translated into Dr Oriental or wise men can not

30、only make readers to avoid a misleading title of the novel, and can make readers deeply understand the original text tells the meaning of. For literature lovers, translated as maggie, is on the one hand, help Chinese readers to explore deeper spontaneous English allusions, helps the Chinese readers

31、to accept and be familiar with western culture, is beneficial to cultural exchange; On the other hand can also help readers to taste the O. Henrys writing style. 几个译本对标题翻译体现了不同的目的和原则，对于小说整体语言的运用亦存在些许差异。比如对钱币翻译，由于各个国家对钱币的衡量尺度不同，形式也不同，这就造成了“sixty cents ofit was in pennies”翻译的多种多样，“其中六角是铜板”，“其中六毛钱是铜子儿凑

32、起来的”，“而且六毛是钢”，“而且其中的六毛是小硬币凑成的”这些翻译中大都是融入了中国的文化，且前两种译法可以看出明显的古代文化。当我们的文化中没有这样的概念时，或许这是理所当然的办法。而这样译的好处是使中国的读者觉得很亲切，也很容易想象出“零散”和“拼凑”的概念，容易体会出作者所表达的感情色彩。然而，文化交流的问题再一次摆在面前中国的读者读懂了小说的大概意思，然而我们仍然不知道美国人是怎么样花钱的，或者说美国的钱币是什么样的。如果是本着这一目的，我认为翻译成“六十美分是零钱”或者“六十美分是便士”则能够更好的传达这一概念。Several translations of the title t

33、ranslation embodies the different purposes and principles, for the whole language also exist some differences. Translation such as coin, but due to various countries to measure different COINS, form is also different, which creates a sixty cents ofit was in pennies, translation is varied, the hexago

34、n is copper, six cents is TongZiEr put together, and six MAO is steel s, and one of the six MAOs is a small COINS add up to. These translation are mostly embodied in the Chinese culture, and the first two translations you can see clearly the ancient culture of. When there is no such concept in our c

35、ulture, it may be the way of course. While the benefits of such translation is to make Chinas readers feel very kind, it is easy to imagine the concept of fragmented and together, easy to feel the emotion expressed by the author. Once again, however, the problem of cultural exchange in front - Chine

36、se readers to understand the general meaning of the novel, however we still dont know how americans spend money, or the United States is what kind of COINS. If it is in line with this purpose, I think the translation into 60 cents is change or 60 cents is p can better convey the concepts. 此外，这对小夫妇有两

37、样特别引为豪的东西吉姆三代祖传的金表和德拉的头发。如果示巴女王住在天井对面的公寓里，德拉总有一天会把她的头发悬在窗外去晾干，使那位女王的珠宝和礼物相形见绌。如果所罗门王当了看门人，把他所有的财富都堆在地下室里，吉姆每次经过那儿时准会掏出他的金表看看，好让所罗门妒忌得吹胡子瞪眼睛。In addition, the small couple two particularly proud - three generations of ancestral Jims gold watch and Dellas hair. If the queen of sheba lived in the flat a

38、cross the patio, Della, one day will go to dry her hair hang out the window, make the queens jewels and gifts. Had king Solomon when the janitor, with all his wealth piled up in the basement, Jim every time he passed there would have pulled out his watch and see, ok let Solomon envy to blowing a bea

39、rd stare eyes (4). 示巴女王和所罗门王都是旧约圣经中非常富有的人物，拥有各种珍奇宝贝，文中通过与示巴女王和所罗门王的夸张对比映衬出珍宝在夫妇俩真爱面前黯然失色。对于这一表现手法，各个译本几乎一致的采用了保留原有文化中的人物，而后通过注解使得中文的读者对此有了一定了解。这也恰恰验证了这才是符合翻译的最初目标，也是众多读者需求的。The queen of sheba and king Solomon in the old testament is very rich, have all kinds of exotic baby, in this paper, through co

40、mpared with the exaggeration of the queen of sheba and king Solomon, silhouetted against a treasure in front of the couple is love in the shade. For the technique of expression, each version almost unanimously adopted the retention of the characters in the original culture, and then through annotati

41、ons make Chinese readers have a certain understanding. It is verified that is in line with the translation of the original goals, is the needs of many readers. 仅从这几处，我们可以看出翻译中难以避免文化差异问题。如何处理这一问题，重要的是看读者和翻译目的。如果仅是为了普及这一故事或者为了让读者知道欧亨利的作品，或许“入乡随俗”采用中国读者更熟悉的概念让读者觉得更容易理解；而如果翻译的目的是为了中西文化的交流，还是尽量保留其原有文化，虽然

42、读者最初并不熟知，但看得多了才能真正慢慢了解西方文化。From all these places alone, we can see the translation is difficult to avoid cultural differences. How to deal with this problem, it is important to the readers and the translation purpose. If only is to spread the story or to make readers know the works of O. Henry, perh

43、aps by Chinese readers more familiar concept of when in Rome, do as the Romans do let readers feel easier to understand; And if the purpose of translation is to communication between Chinese and western culture, or to retain their original culture, although the reader initially is not known, but loo

44、k at too many to really get to know western culture. 结 语Language 翻译的最初目的是文化的传播，而在翻译过程中，难免遇到不同国家截然不同的文化现象，这就给翻译增加了难度。文学作品中的文化差异，更是给翻译家们提出了更高要求，因为翻译不仅要考虑文化传递的任务，还要尽量保留其文学价值。而面对不同层次的读者，翻译还应有不同的标准，这样才能使译作最终符合读者所需。Translation of the original purpose is the transmission of culture, and in the process of t

45、ranslation, hard to avoid meet different countries different culture phenomenon, this is additional difficulties to translation. Cultural differences in literary works, but also has advanced further requirements to the translator, translation should not only consider the cultural transmission of tasks, but also to retain its literature value. Readers, and faced with different levels of translation shall also have the different standards, so as to make the translation conform to the finally required for readers.