职称英语理工A考试真题及答案

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1、2016年职称英语理工A考试真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项(第15题，每题l分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1With immense relief. I stopped running.A some B、enormous C little D extensive2The scientists began to accumulate data.A collect B handle C analyze D investigate3Jack eventually overtook the last truck.A hit. B pa

2、ssed C reached D led4Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance.A possible B profitable C easy D wise5The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle.A fact B mystery C statement D game6That guy is really witty.A smart B ugly C honorable D popular7The world champion suffered a sensat

3、ional defeat.A reasonable B dramatic C humiliating D horrifying8It seems that only Mary is eligible for the job.A prepared B trained C qualified D guided9 This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a town in the South.A praises B writes C imitates D describes10 The meaning is still obscure.A vague B

4、 transparent C alien D significant11 Dumped waste might contaminate Water supplies.A destroy B decrease C delay D pollute12 One theory postulates that the ancient Filipinos came from India and Persia.A assumes B expects C predicts D considers13 It is very difficult for a child to adhere to rules.A r

5、emember B follow C understand D learn14 I hope that I didnt do anything absurd last night.A awkward B strange C stupid D awful15 There should be laws that prohibit smoking around children.A forbid B advocate C inherit D withdraw第2部分：阅读判断(第1622垒题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，

6、请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.Green Roof ResearchThe concept of green roofs is basically about growing plants on roofs，thus helping to replace the green footprint that had been destroyed due to the construction of the building. Green roofs are the most prevalent(流行)in Germany，which is wi

7、dely regarded as the leader in green roof research.The green roofs that are used these days can be classified as extensive andintensive systems. Extensive green roofs use mosses，grasses and herbs，which are tolerant to droughts. These plants do not Reed much maintenance. can be grown in a layer of su

8、bstrate(土层)that can be as shallow as l.5 inches，and generally are inaccessible to the public. In contrast, a wide range of species of plants are grown on intensive green roofs，such as shrubs(灌木)and even trees，which require deeper substrate layers，and are usually grown on flat roofs. They need intens

9、ive maintenance, and are usually areas that resemble parks which are accessible to people.There are several benefits of adopting green roof technologies. Apart from the obvious psychological and aesthetic(美学的)benefits of garden-like environments surrounding you，some of the common economic and ecolog

10、ical benefits are：a reduction in the consumption of energy;air and water purification;recovering green spaces;and the mitigation(缓解)of the heat island effect in urban areas.The green roof research that is currently ongoing is focused on evaluating the species of plants that are suitable to be grown

11、on roofs，the methods of propagation(繁殖)as well as establishment，nutrient(养料)and water requirement，substrates，and the quantity and quality of water runoff. The evaluation criteria of plant species are：at what rate they can be established：their capacity to withstand invasive weeds：tolerance of cold an

12、d heat: tolerance of drought conditions: capacity of persistence and survival.A number of experiments are being conducted on roof platform simulations at various research centers. These sites are generally outfitted with equipment，which are used to measure temperatures at different depths of the gro

13、wing substrates, and the rate and volume of the runoff of stormwaters from each of the platforms.Green roof technology is representative of a completely new market for landscape contractors. And all roofs that currently exist and the future ones to be constructed are the potential market-a market th

14、at is too huge to be overlooked.16It is estimated that around 10 percent of the flat roofs in Germany are green.A Right BWrong C Not mentioned17German people prefer extensive green roof systems to intensive ones.A Right BWrong C Not mentioned18Small plants like grasses and herbs are grown widely on

15、intensive green roofs.A Right BWrong C Not mentioned19Green roof is an ecologically sound strategy of spreading green in urban areas.A Right BWrong C Not mentioned200ne of the benefits of green roofs is the reduction of the heat island effect in cities.A Right BWrong C Not mentioned21 0ne focus;n th

16、e green roof research is the evaluation of suitable plant species.A Right BWrong C Not mentioned22 Although green roof technology can create a garden-like environment，its potential market is rather small.A Right BWrong C Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第2330题，每题l分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为

17、第25段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。The Supercomputer Network1Recently. ten laboratories run by governments in different parts of the world have become linked。Their computers have been connected so they can talk to each other. This may not seem Mery dramatic news，but it is the beginning

18、 of a development that will increase the power of the Internet tremendously：2The Internet is an interconnected(互联)system of networks that, connects computers round the world and facilitates the transmission and exchange of information. The way that you use the internet is by accessing this network.

19、This depends on the power that your system allows you to use. The power of your computer is responsible for how fast you can download(下载)files，how much data you can store，etc. If your computer is old and slow, accessing the information can be very difficult.3The new development in information techno

20、logy has been called the grid(网格技术)，and it will be a network of computers that are linked together, The grid will work in a different way from the Internet，enabling you to get the power of the biggest computers in the world on your computer. Accessing the information will no longer depend on the pow

21、er of your computer. The idea is that while you access information, you will also have access to the power of the bigger computer stations.40ne advantage of this revolutionary idea is that geographical location will become irrelevant. The grid will decide which are the best parts of a worldwide netw

22、ork to do the lob you want. This means that you may be accessing a computer in Japan to solve a problem in Alaska.5The grid can be compared to having an efficient personal assistant. You can give your assistant a task and he will do it for you. The assistant will do the preliminary research, collect

23、 the data. Compare them and decide on the best course of action by accessing any of the computer centres in the grid that happen to have the relevant information. All you have to do is assign the task, sit back and wait.6At present，possible applications of the grid in scientific research are being e

24、xplored. While it has taken about fifteen years for Internet use to become widespread, experts believe that the grid could be up and running for private individuals far more quickly. Scientists working on grid Projects are convinced that it will be as widely used as the web in the next ten years.23

25、Paragraph 224 Paragraph 325 Paragraph 426 Paragraph 5A How does the grid work?B Power sharedC Just make a requestD Limitations of present Internet useE Distance is not a problemF A new era for the Internet27 Traditionally the power of your computer determines how fast you can access .28 The grid wil

26、l enable you to get on your computer the power of in the world。29 The grid would be like ，who can perform your tasks efficiently.30 It is believed that the widespread use of the grid will become possible in the next 。A the bigger computer stationsB the advantageC ten yearsD informationE your persona

27、l assistantF fifteen years第4部分：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇 Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking UprightMost of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us dont question. But an international

28、 team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GWs Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high- quality resources. The team of researchers from the U. S., England, Japan and

29、Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees as they competed for food resources，in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large ape one that resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor we shared in common with living chimpanzees to walk on two legs.“These chimpa

30、nzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs, ，said Dr. Richmond.The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize a resource. Standing

31、 on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands. Over time，intense bursts of bipedal activity may have led to anatomical changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where competition for food or other resources was strong.Two studies were cond

32、ucted by the team in Guinea. The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto Universitys “ outdoor laboratory ” in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest. Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut the oil palm nut，which is naturally widel

33、y available, and the coula nut, which is not. The chimpanzees behavior was monitored in three situations:(a) when only oil palm nuts were available,(b)when a small number of coula nuts were available，and(c) when coula nuts were the majority available resource.When the rare coula nuts were available

34、only in small numbers, the chimpanzees transported more at one time. Similarly, when coula nuts were the majority resource, the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether. The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.In such high

35、-competition settings，the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increased by a factor of four. Not only was it obvious that bipedal movement allowed them to carry more of this precious resource, but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in

36、 one go by using everything available 一even their mouths.The second study, by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University, was a 14-month study of Bossou chimpanzees crop-raiding, a situation in which they have to compete for rare and unpredictable Resources. Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees

37、activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.31. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs? A Many people question the simple human activities

38、 of walking and carrying items.B Chimpanzees behaviors may suggest why humans walk on two legs.C Human walking upright is viewed as an adaptation to carrying precious resources.D Our ancestors ecological conditions resembled those of modern-day chimpanzees.32. Dr. Richmond conducted the experiment w

39、ith the purpose of findingA when humans began walking on two legs.B what made our ancestors walk upright.C what benefits walking upright brought to our ancestors.D how walking upright helped chimpanzees monopolize resources.33. Kyoto, Universitys study discovered that chimpanzees.A regarded both typ

40、es of nut as priced resources.B preferred oil palm nuts to coula nuts.C liked coula nuts better than oil palm nuts.D ignored both types of nut altogether.34. Why did the chimpanzees walk on two limbs during Kyoto Universitys experiment?A Because they imitated the human way of walking just for fun.B

41、Because they wanted to please the researchers to get more coula nuts from them.C Because they wanted to get to die nut-rich forest faster by walking that way.D Because they wanted to carry more nuts with two free limbs.35. What can we infer from the reading passage?A Chimpanzees are in the same proc

42、ess of evolution as our ancestors were.B Chimpanzees are similar to humans in many behaviors.C Walking on two limbs and walking on four limbs each have their advantages.D Human walking on two legs developed as a means of survival第二篇Real-World RobotsWhen you think of a robot，do you imagine a shiny. m

43、etallic device having the same general shape as a human being，performing humanlike functions，and responding to your questions in a monotone(单调的)voice accentuated(强调)by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imagine a robot, but in the real world a robot is not humanoid at all. Inst

44、ead a robot often is a voiceless. Box-shaped machine that efficiently carries out repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by humans. Todays robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one task again and again. A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees of artificial inte

45、lligence。that is，a robot contains a computer program that tells it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence. Such as reasoning，drawing conclusions，and learning from past experience.A robot does not possess a human shape for the simple reason that a twolegged robot has great difficulty

46、 remaining balanced. A robot does. however。move from place to place on wheels and axles(轮轴)that roll and rotate. A robot even has limbs that turn round and move in combination with joints and motors. To find its way in its surroundings，a robot utilizes various built-in sensors. Antennae attached to

47、the robots base detect anything they bump into. If the robot starts to shake as it moves on an incline，a gyroscope(陀螺仪)inside it senses the vertical differential. To determine its distance from an object and how quickly it will reach the object, the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic

48、sound waves off obstructions(障碍物)in its path. These and other sensors constantly feed information to the computer，which then analyzes the information and corrects or adjusts the robots actions. As science and technology advance，the robot too will progress in its functions and use of artificial intel

49、ligence programs.36The writer begins the passage by comparingAthe shape of a human being with a box.Ba real 1ife robot with a fictional robot.Can imaginary machine with a human.Da robot with a computer program.37The word humanoid in paragraph 1 meansAlacking human feelings.Blacking human characteris

50、tics.Clacking human intelligence.Dhaving a human form and characteristics.38According to the first paragraph，artificial intelligence isAthe unnatural way in which robots move.Ba voiceless. box-shaped machine that performs repetitive tasks。Ca sensor that detects troubles in a robot.Da computer progra

51、m that imitates human intellectual processes.39The last paragraph suggests that future robots willAbe more humanlike in behavior and action.Bsurpass human beings in intelligence.Cuse a laser to transmit information.Dwill perform very complicated household jobs.40Another good title for this passage w

52、ould beARobots：Taking the Place of Humans.BArtificial Intelligence Programs.CTodays Robots and How They Function.DModern-Day Sensors.第三篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as Ecosystem EngineersResearch by the University of Exeter1 has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment

53、as a result of their activity as ecosystem engineers and predators. The study, published in the Journal of Animal Ecology, found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.Firstly, through moving of soil by nest building2 activity and by collecting food they affect the level of n

54、utrients in the soil. This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups, from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.Secondly, they prey on a wide range of other animals, including larger prey which can be attacked by vast numbers of ant workers.Dirk Sanders, an au

55、thor of the study from the universitys Centre for Ecology and Conservation, said:Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers. Theyre also very territorial3 and very aggressive, defending their resources and territory against other predators. All of this means they have a strong in

56、fluence on their surrounding area.In this research, we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it. What we found is that despite being predators, their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups4. They genuinely play a key ro

57、le in the local environment, having a big influence on the grassland food web, Sanders said.The study, carried out in Germany, studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants, both species which can be found across Europe, including

58、 in the UK. It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area, particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers. At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect, showing that predation is counteracting the positive infl

59、uence.Dr Frank van Veen, another author on the study, said:What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels, but as the number of ants increases, their predatory impacts have the bigger effect thereby counteracting the positive infl

60、uence via ecosystem engineering.Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass5 but also because they act as ecosystem engineers. Ant biodiversity6 is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact, which obv

61、iously reduces its richness. However, it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem. Ants are important in below ground processes8 through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants, microorganisms, and

62、other soil organisms.41 .Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?A Because they build their own nests.B Because they collect food.C Because their activity affects the environment.D Because they are predators.42. As predators, antsA prey on small as well as large animals.B collect nutritious foo

63、d from the soilC collect food as decomposers.D prey on species much higher up the food chain.43. Dir Sanders study centered on how antsA can manage to thrive in huge numbers.B defend their resources and territory against other predators.C attack those invading animals for survival.D produce such a big impact on the environment.44. What does paragraph 6 tell us?A Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small.B Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.C Ants predation counteracts the posit