Chapter4SBⅠUnits7～8(1)

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1、1(1)231.Where there is a river, there is a city. (SB U7) 凡有河流的地方必有城市。where是连接副词，引导状语从句，意为“在/到地方”，相当于介词in/at/to + the place + where从句（定语从句）。4where引导状语从句和定语从句的区别：where引导状语从句时，它的前面没有先行词，不能用“介词+which”替代。有时含有条件意味。where引导定语从句时它的前面有先行词，可用“介词+which”替代。 Crops grow well _(在有的地方) plenty of sunshine. You should

2、 put the book_ (回原处) Mom, what did your doctor say? He advised me to live _ the air is fresher. A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where6【答案】where there iswhere it wasDwhere引导的是地点状语从句，表示“住在空气更新鲜的地方”。选项C如果是in the place where也是正确的。“介词+which”不能替代引导状语从句的where，故不可选B项。72. It is said to be the c

3、itys largest ever cultural relics repair project. （SB U7）据说它是这个城市最大的文化遗迹修复工程。It is said that sb. do sth. 主动式 sb. is said to do sth./to be doing sth./to have done sth.被动式 sth. is said to be done/to have been done8注意：表示在谓语动词（is said）之后才发生的动作用不定式的一般式(to do）；表示与谓语动词（is said）同时进行用不定式的进行式(to be doing)；表示在

4、谓语动词（is said）的动作之前发生或完成的动作用不定式的完成式(to have done)。如果不定式与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式用被动式。9改写下列句子It is said that the boy is working on a model plane.= The boy _ on a model plane.They are said to have won the game.= It _ the game. Is Bob still performing? Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he ha

5、s become an official.A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left10【答案】is said to be workingis said that they have wonA从already 一词可以明显看出Bob离开舞台是过去已经发生的事情，故须用不定式的完成式。11与以上用法相同的句型还有：It is believed/thought/reported that= sb. is believed/thought/reported to do sth.= sth. is believed/th

6、ought/reported to be done人们认为/据报道People consider that sb./sth.= sb. is considered to do= sth. is considered to be done人们认为123. Many of the sports were the same as they are now. （SB U8） 许多项目和现在的相同。the same as 意为“和相同，与一样”，表示同类事物。the same that 意为“和是同一个”，表示同一事物。This is the same bag as I lost last week.这

7、与我上周丢掉的包是一样的。This is the same/very bag that I lost last week.这正好是我上周丢掉的那一个包。13suchas意为“像这/那样的 ”，表示同类事物。14This is the same book _(我丢失的) yesterday.Tom has changed a lot, and most of his classmates say that he is not the same (他过去那样)【答案】that I lostas what he used to bewhat引导宾语从句，并作be的表语。154. We will do

8、 everything we can to save our city!(SB U7) 我们会尽力拯救我们的城市！ They do their best to win medals.(SB U8) 他们竭尽全力夺取奖牌。16do everything one can to do sth.do all one can to do sth.do what one can to do sth.do ones best to do sth.尽某人最大努 力做某事17句式、中，one can是定语从句，everything和all是先行词，省略了关系代词that；句式中的what引导的是宾语从句；四个句

9、式中的to do都是作目的状语。注意：句式、中can后省略了动词do，后跟带to的不定式。 The doctors did everything they could to save his son. 医生们竭尽全力抢救他儿子。18try to do sth.（= attempt to do sth.） 试图做某事make the greatest effort to do sth. 尽最大努力做某事19I think we should _ (尽力阻止) the factory polluting the air. The student spent as much time as he c

10、ould _ spoken English.A. practise B. to practiseC. practising D. practised【答案】do everything we can to stopC该题考查的是spend + time+ (in) doing sth.这一句式，as he could是定语从句，省略了动词spend，修饰time。20课文原句高考对照课文原句高考对照 Where there is a river, there is a city. 凡是有河流的地方，就有城市。 _ unemployment and crime are high, it can b

11、e assumed that the latter is due to the former.(2009江苏卷)A. Before B. WhereC. Unless D. Until解析：选B。句意：在失业率和犯罪率高的地方，可以想象得到，后者是前者引起的21课文原句高考对照课文原句高考对照 Strong, proud and united, the people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russia. 坚强、自豪与团结的圣彼得堡人民是俄国的现代英雄。 After the long journey, the three of the

12、m went back home, _.(2008北京卷)A. hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tiredC. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired解析：选B。句意：长途旅程后，他们三个回到家，又饿又累。本题考查形容词作状语，表示伴随的情况。hungry and tired在句中修饰the three of them, 如同strong, proud and united在句中修饰people一样。 22课文原句高考对照课文原句高考对照 It is said to be the citys largest eve

13、r cultural relics repair project.这个工程据说是这个城市最大的文化遗址修复工程。 AIDS is said _ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.(2006湖北卷)A. that it is B. to beC. that it has been D. to have been解析：选D。句意：据说，在过去的几年中，艾滋病对于那个地区的男女来说已是最大的健康挑战。It is said that从句可转为sb./sth. B

14、e said to do/to be doing/to have done 的形式。由于句中有时间状语over the past few years，故而动词不定式里用完成结构，这是不同于“课文原句”所在的地方。 23课文原句高考对照课文原句高考对照 It is said to be the citys largest ever cultural relics repair project.这个工程据说是这个城市最大的文化遗址修复工程。 It is often _ that human beings are naturally equipped to speak. (2009全国卷)A. sa

15、id B. to say C. saying D. being said解析：选A。 24高考对主谓一致的考查有三个明显的特点：1.考查基本的主谓一致规则。2.增加试题的综合性，考查主谓一致的同时考查其他知识，如：时态、语态及句式（如：倒装句）。3.增加试题的语境化因素。主谓一致主谓一致25语法一致的原则(1)两个作主语的名词或代词由with或as well as连接时，谓语动词同with或as well as前的一个名词或代词的人称和数一致。这些介词短语（在句中作状语）还有：including, besides, except, but, together, together with, a

16、long with等。26例如：The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.老师和学生们在图书馆看书。The room with its furniture was rented.带家具的房间已租出。27(2)each以及由any-, every-, some-, no-构成的复合代词都当作单数看待。例如：Somebody is asking you on the phone.有人打电话给你。但它们的反意问句用单复数均可。例如：Everybody was watching TV, wasnt he / weren

17、t they?大家都在看电视，是吗？28(3)关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如：Those who want to go please put up your hands.想去的请举手。29Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.人类使用的有些能量来自太阳。This is the only one of the books on the subject that has been written in Chinese.这是唯一的一本有关这一科目的

18、中文书。30(4)由every/no+名词+and+every/no+名词构成的词组作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Did you go to the show last night? Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area was invited.31(1)主语由and或bothand连接，谓语一般用复数，但如果表示同一概念，指同一个人或同一件事物时（这时and后的名词没有冠词），谓语动词就要用单数。例如：Bread and butter is a daily food in the west. (bread and butter指的是一种食品：涂有黄油的面包)

19、黄油面包在西方是一种日常食品。意义一致的原则意义一致的原则32由and连接两个疑问词引导的从句或疑问词接不定式作主语，如果是一件事情的两个方面，谓语动词用单数形式；如果是两件事情，则用复数。例如：Where and how to find the lost child is unknown to us.（指一件事情的两个方面）我们仍不知道去哪里以及怎样找到丢失的孩子。33What I think and what I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper.（指两件事）我的所思所想全都反应在我的试卷上。34(2)有些名词如police, publ

20、ic, people, cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：Are there any police around?旁边有警察吗？35(3) 有些名词如news, works, physics, politics, means看似复数形式，但意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：The news was very exciting.这消息很令人激动。36(4)表示金钱、时间、价格、重量、长度、距离、温度等度量衡的名词词组以及书名等作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语动词一般用单数。例如：Three weeks is not enough to finish the work.完

21、成这项工作3周不够。Ten yuan is enough. 10元钱就够了。37(5)有些集体名词如family, group, class, team, crowd, crew, company, population等，如果被认为是一个不可分割的整体，其谓语动词用单数；若强调它集合起来的一群人，则谓语动词用复数。例如：My family is a big one.（指整个家庭）我的家庭是个大家庭。My family are watching TV.（指全体家庭成员）我的家人正在看电视。38(6) the + adj.（或分词）用作主语，表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数；表示抽象概念时，谓语动

22、词用单数。例如：The young are usually very active.年轻人通常都很积极。The good in him is greater than the bad.他的优点比缺点多。39(7)名词词组中心词是all, most, half, rest, part等，表示的是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。例如：All of my classmates work hard.我所有的同学学习都很努力。All of the water is gone.所有的水都没了。40(8)(large) quantities of 修饰可数名词或不可数名词作主语， large a

23、mounts of 修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：Large quantities of water are needed in the factory which we visited last week.我们上周去参观的工厂需要大量的水。41(9)one and a half+复数名词； one or two+复数名词；more+复数名词+than one等结构作主语时谓语动词多用复数。例如：One or two reasons were suggested. 有人提出了一两个建议。42就近一致的原则就近一致的原则(1)由具有选择意思的连词，如：not onlybut al

24、so, or, eitheror, neithernor, whetheror等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词应与最靠近的主语保持一致。例如：Either he or you are going there.要么他，要么你将去那儿。Is either he or you going there?是他还是你去那儿呢？43(2)either of, neither of, none of之后接名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。例如：Either of them is right.他们中每个都是对的。44(3)由“分数（或百分数）+of+名词”以及由“a lot of, lots of, ple

25、nty of, a (large) quantity of, a large amount of, the rest of, a heap of, heaps of+名词”构成短语时，谓语动词的数根据of后的名词的数决定。45例如：Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan.现场2/3的人都反对这个计划。Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.地球表面的3/4是海洋。46(4)the number of+可数名词复数，the amount of+不可数名词，the quan

26、tity of+可数名词复数或不可数名词构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：The number of students in our school is increasing.我们学校学生数目在增加。The quantity of books in the library is amazing.图书馆的图书数量多得惊人。47(5)在倒装句中，谓语通常采取就近一致原则。例如：Between the two windows hangs a picture and two swords.这两扇窗户之间挂着一幅画和两把剑。48(6)There be结构中be的形式取决于靠近be的名词，若是单数名词则be为is / was, 若是复数名词，则be为are/were。例如：There is a book and two pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。There are two pens and a book on the desk.桌子上有两支钢笔和一本书。