并列句和复合句

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1、TOP GLOBAL EDUCZXTION环球优学百日护航”专题授课案教师：彭永梅 学生:夏晓磊 时间:2016 年 5 月 19日20 : 00-22:00段第6次课授课内容：专题一并列句和复合句教学目标：要求学生掌握表示递进，选择，转折和因果关系的并列连词的用法，掌握常用从属连词的基本用法，掌握 主语从句，定语从句的用法。教学重难点：并列连词的用法，从属连词的用法主语从句，定语从句教学过程：一、教学导入分析河北省近五年中考关于这部分的试题，引出所讲内容并列句和复合句。二、中考考点分析河北省近五年中考在单项选择中考查并列句和复合句，并列句主要考查并列连词，复合句中主要考查状语从句和宾语从 句

2、。三、基础知识 考点一：并列句并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句叫做并列句。其构成为简单句+并列连词+简单句。1. 表示顺承，并列，递进关系的连词and both. and.as well as not. only.2. 表示转折或对比关系的连词 but yet while Lucy likes red while Lily like white.3. 表示选择关系的连词either.or.要么要么 连接主语时，谓语动词 就近原则，or或者。4. 表示因果 so for Kate will ill, so she did nt go to school. I have to stay u

3、p, for I have lots of homework to do.5. I and 和 or 用于否定句 I can sing or dance.Lucy and Lily cant speak Chinese.在否定句中，如果所连接的两部分都有否定词，那么用and,而不用or。There is no water and no air on the room.6. 在否定句中，without之后若有列举成分，则用and连接，构成完全否定；在肯定句中，without之后的列举成分要 用or才能构成否定。Man cant live without air and water. = Man

4、will die without air and water.7. 当连词and连接的并列句前半部分是祈使句，后半部分是一般将来时的陈述句，前半部分相当于if引导的条件状语 从句。这种句型还可以用or来连接，但意思不同。Think it over, and you will find the answer. = If you think it over, you will find the answer.Hurry up, or you will be late.= if you do not hurry up, you will be late.用 and, but, or, so, whi

5、le 填空Many birds stays in the n ature reserves of Zhal ong all year roundsome only go there for a short stay.Keep trying,you will succeed one day.Which is easier to lear n, Japa neseFre nch?It sno wed heavily last ni ght, the gro und is covered with snow now.TOP GLOBAL EDUCATIONTom is a very smart bo

6、y,be n ever shows off.考点二：复合句时间状语从句when/while/as当时 before after since自从 until/till直到为止 as soon asWhe n I was doing my homework, my mother came in. He did nt go to bed un til his father came back. 条件状语状语从句if as long as unlessIf it does nt ra in tomorrow, I will go to the park. Un less bad weather sto

7、ps me, I go for a walk every day. 原因状语从句 because since asI like to eat apples because they are good for my health. Since every one is here, lets beg in our meet ing. 目的状语从句so that以便in order that为了He got up early every morning so that he catch the bus.结果状语从句so that结果是so.that/such.that如此.以至于It is so h

8、ot outside that n obody wants to go out.让步状语从句 though/although even if/though whatever wherever wheneverWherever you go, I will go with you. Whe never you come, I will wait for you.1.时间状语从句when的用法when意为“当时”，引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。I feel very happy whe n you come to see me. Whe n you are cross

9、 ing the street, you must be careful.while的用法while引导时间状语从句时常意为“与同时，在期间” while引导的从句常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词。They rushed in while we were discussed problems.as的用法as引导时间状语从句时可以表示“正当，一边一边，随着”等意思。We get wiser as we get older.before与after的用法I will always work hard before I en ter Pek ing Uni versity.She showed me

10、many beautiful stamps after I got to her home.until/ till 的用法until/ till都表示“直到”常可互换，但till不用于句首。主句谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句用肯定形式，表示这一动作或状态一直持续到until/ till引导的从句的动作发生为止。I will wait for you until/ till you come to see me. I will read the book until/ till I finish it.主句谓语动词是非延续性动词时，主句用否定形式，表示主句的动作直到until引导的从句的动作的发生

11、才发生，构成not.until结构。有时不用not，而用其他表示否定的词，如never，nothing等。I did nt to bed un til I fini shed my homework.since的用法since引导的时间状语从句，表示“自以来”主句用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。I have worked in this company since I graduated from Peking University.as soon as 的用法as soon as引导的从句表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，意为“一就”该从句经常用一般现在时表 示将来。As

12、 soon as he arrives, I will tell him.条件状语从句If的用法I will visit the Great Wall if it doesnt rain tomorrow.TOP GLOBAL EOUCATIONunless的用法We will go for an outi ng tomorrow uni ess it rain s.(=if it doesnt ra in)为了强调动作的完成，从句中也能用现在完成时you can go out if you have finished your homework.原因状语从句because的用法表因果关系的语

13、气最强，用来回答why的问句，所引出的原因往往是听话人所不知道最感兴趣的，because引导的原 因状语从句往往比主句显得更重要。Im leav ing because I am fed up with the boss.My frie nds admire me because I am han dsome and successful.because因为，引导原因状语从句，so所以，用于并列句，不能同时出现在一个句子里，只能用其一。Because he was tired, he could nt walk here.=he was tired, so he couldnt walk he

14、re.since的用法表示人们已知的事实，不需要强调的原因，因此经常译成“既然”，通常放在句首。since引导的从句是次要的，重 点强调主句的内容。Since Mon day is Bobs birthday, lets give him a party. Since every one is here, lets start.as的用法as与since用法差不多，所引出的理由在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉而不需要用because加以强调。 as引导的从句与主句具有同等的重要性she did nt hear us came in as she was sleep.目的状语从句目的状

15、语从句通常由so that， in order that等引导，从句谓语中常含有may，might，can，could，will，would等情 态动词。I will speak slowly so that you can un dersta nd me.当从句主语与主句主语一致时，可用so as to， in order to引导He worked day and ni ght in order that he could succeed.= He worked day and ni ght in order to succeed. 结果状语从句(1)由so. that., such. t

16、hat.引导so +形容词或副词+that such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+thatSo+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that当名词前有many或much修饰时，用so而不用such。She is such a lovely girl that we love her very much.= She is so lovely a girl that we love her very much.We have so much time that we can finish the work very well.(2) sothat的否定形式可用too.to或not.enough

17、to结构代替。He is so young that he cant go to school.= He is too young to go to school.= He is not old eno ugh to go to school. 让步状语从句弓I导让步状语从句的连词有though/although, even though/if, whoever/no matter who, however/no matter howwhatever/no matter whatthough/although 的用法“虽然，尽管”表示让步，一般情况下可以互换使用，只是although语气比较重

18、，大多置于句首。可与yet连用，但不 与but连用。They are gen erous though they are poor. Although he was Japa nese, he spe nd most of his life in China, even though/if 的用法“尽管，即使”，表示语气更强的让步。Even though he is 24 now, he is still like a child.We will make a trip even though/ even if the weather is bad. wh-ever类引导词TOP GLOBAL

19、 EOUCATIONwh-ever类引导词既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句时常可换成“no matter+相应的 wh-词。在引导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever。Whe never I am un happy, it is my frie nd who cheers me up.=(No matter whe n I am not happy, it is my frie nd who cheers me up.) 定语从句在复合句中做定语的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的 是关系代词that，which, wh

20、o, whose, whom等和关系副词when, where, why关系代词和关系副词既起连接作用，又充 当从句中的一个成分。一般情况下，that既可指人又可指物，可以代替who, whom和which，在从句中做主语，表语或宾语。Which指物， 在从句中做主语，表语或宾语。who在从句中做主语，表语或宾语。whom在从句中做宾语。whose在从句中做定语。 只能用that，不能用which引导。当先行词是all，little，much，everyth in g，an ythi ng等不定代词引导时。Is there anything (that)you dont un dersta n

21、d? Tom told his mother all that had happe n. 当先行词前面有the only, the very, the last等修饰时。This is the only book that I can find.当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。This is the best book (that)I have ever read.当先行词前面有all，any，no等修饰时。I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.当主句是以特殊疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句结构时。Which is

22、 the hotel that you like best?关系代词的省略一般情况下，关系代词作宾语时可以省略，但关系代词which，whom在从句中做介词的宾语并且介词位于关系代词前 时，不能省略。I will never forget the day on which I joined the club.that, which who 在从句中做主语时，不能省略。Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?关系副词是用法 where， when, why。二、小结本节课系统复习了并列句和复合句的用法，递进，选择，转折和因果关系的并列连词的

23、用法，主语从句，定语从句的用 法。三、课后作业完成句子the lights are red, the traffic must stop.He did nt comehe was ill.Please let me knowhe comes back. He sayshe wants to speak to the headmaster.I dont knowit is going to rain.I am thinking ofwe should go fish ing or not. We did nt knowshe would come back.选择题Kates dad is old

24、. She goes back home to see himit is convenient.A because B although C uni ess D whe neverOur school football team lost the watch,we still have con fide nee in them.A but B or C and D soShe wont come back from the marketshe gets eno ugh thin gs.A after B if C because D unlessMany people are won der

25、ingin the forest.its reported that a bur ning cigarette butt caused it.A what caused the fire B when the fire happened Chow did the fire happened D why did the fire happen.TOP GLOBAL EDUCATION课后巩固计划：课后复习今天讲的知识，有针对性的做练习。学生对于本次课的评价:O特别满意O满意O 般O差学生签字：教师评定：1、 学生上次作业评价：O特别满意 O满意 O般 O差2、 学生本次上课情况评价：O特别满意 O满意 O般 O差教师签字：教学主管审核批复：教学主管签字：环球优学教务